 Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosal here. I want to record this video as a final addition to the moment for my series of YouTube videos about the borders of Jerusalem. If you are interested in Jerusalem and its geopolitics, you might find my various geeky observations interesting. I do think it's a really interesting topic personally, although I appreciate not everyone is going to share that sentiment. I did videos before about the significance of the Green Line in Jerusalem. As I said before, I also one point intend producing a documentary about the former Green Line. What was called, well, it stood for 19 years, the Kav-Ironi. Now, as people will point out, the Green Line was never intended as a permanent border marking. It was basically an armistice line, but it did serve between 1948 and 1967 as really a de facto international border between Israel to the west, Jordan to the east, and you had one crossing at the Mandelbaum Gate. As I also mentioned in my previous videos, you see this on the map today in Jerusalem on Google Maps or really most maps. You'll see not one line but two lines and it creates this kind of area between. As I explained, the origin of these two lines is the fact that when the ceasefire lines were being put down, when Moshe Dayan and Abdullah Atel, his Jordanian counterpart met, one of them used, they each marked their ceasefire line and they didn't exactly coincide. Dayan, it said, drew his ceasefire line in green, hence we got the Green Line. Abdullah Atel drew his in red. Now, there's various permutations of whether it was a marker or a crayon or Dayan wrote in a red line and Atel wrote in a green line. The one I've heard most often is that Dayan wrote in a green line on a crayon and as I explained also in the video, the fact that he did use a relatively thick drawing device and on a low-scale map created some ambiguity as to the course of even his ceasefire line, aka the Green Line. Now, interestingly enough, the Green Line does appear on Google Maps or Red Line appears on Google Maps. You get the Shatr Hafkar, the No Man's Land and you can still see, as I explained, it doesn't exist in Jerusalem today in terms of a marked boundary line, but it does have relevance insofar as that the international community, regardless still as binding, even though Israel conquered East Jerusalem and the West Bank and positioned the boundary of the Jerusalem municipality without regard to the course of the Green Line. But from the perspective of the international community, when you hear of Israel building illegally over the Green Line, and by the way, I'm not trying to keep this neutral. I'm not presenting my side of this geopolitical dispute. I'm not taking the world side. I'm just trying to prevent, I'm just trying to present the narratives as they exist today. So the international community will say, well, if Israel builds over this Green Line, it is building water-considered settlements. And that's what a lot of people don't understand, is that the old city in its entirety, including the Western Wall, is actually over the Green Line. And this is, I think, rightly a reason why a lot of people, well, I just interjected some opinion, this is a reason why some people think that using the Green Line as this border is problematic because it excludes the entirety of the old city, including the Jewish Quarter from Israel, if that's the way you're going to go. You can still walk along this, and that's exactly what I wanted to do in my documentary. I went for a, I met up with Marcus James, my friend last week, and we walked along this road, Ha'ai in Chet. And as you can see, the Green Line literally follows a road, and we have the Paulus Institute here. And not so long ago in Jerusalem, there would have been some kind of a wall running along this road. And this would have been Jordan, on this side of the road, and this would have been Israel on this side of the road. In fact, when we went into the old city, we visited a famous photography store run by an Armenian guy, and he has photographs of the border from his father. And you could see one of the photos he showed us was of the wall. You can see the Green Line here, met up with Damascus Gate, and then this street here, al-Ambaya, where al-Ayyid restaurants on, is actually just to the west of the Green Line. And then the rest of the streets, Sultan Suleiman and Salah Adin, would all be to the right, and there was a border here. So anyway, I find this fascinating, but now the memory of the border is relegated to the memories of people and the somewhat rare photographs that were taken during that historical period. Anyway, what I came to talk about today was the fact that there are parts of Jerusalem that are over the Green Line, and that's not just East Jerusalem, which of course is over the Green Line, but also some of the neighborhoods of West Jerusalem are over the Green Line. Now these are what are called the Ring Neighborhoods. Eight suburban neighborhoods built as satellites to Central Jerusalem, and these were the first neighborhoods built after 67. Remote French, Ramote, French Hill, Navaya Akov, Piskat Zav, East Talpiyot, and Gilo. And in the 1990s, Ramat Shlomo and Harchoma were added to the list. The international community does not recognize Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem and considers the neighborhoods legal settlements, but the Israeli government disputes this. Now we have an interesting conflict in the maps, in that Google Maps won't show you the boundary of the Jerusalem municipality, and the Jerusalem municipalities mapping tool, GIS, won't show you the Green Line. So I can find a map, I'm sure I could export the Green Line and import it to Google Maps, but in lieu of that, we're just going to use the Green Line as a surrogate. So what these are are effectively fully integrated into the city of Jerusalem. For instance, this neighborhood of Ramot Bet and Ramat Alon. As we can see, the Green Line in the north of Jerusalem skirts just past Harchots Vim, which is an industrial park. But you can see without without going east, we're staying on the west of the Green Line. But we still have these neighborhoods like Ramat Alon, Ramat Bet, Ramat Taled, Ramat Shlomo that were all kind of tacked on to Jerusalem. And they are within the boundary of the Jerusalem municipality. Now, from the perspective of the Jerusalem municipality, these ring neighborhoods are considered fully functional neighborhoods. There's no distinction. Much as there is no physical distinction in the Green Line, you can take a bus to Ramat Taled or Ramat Bet, and you won't know that you're crossing the Green Line, but these are over the Green Line. Now, some other neighborhoods in East Jerusalem, in other words, an East Jerusalem, as I explained the best definition, I think that can be given for it is the territory to the east of the Green Line and to the west of the Jerusalem municipality's boundary. That is mostly Arab or Palestinian neighborhoods. But there are a few Jewish communities, but they tend to be more kind of enclaves. For instance, there's one in a Malay Zayteem in Arabic called Jabal Zaytun. And that's kind of a really, really fortified enclave. And of course, from the perspective of the international community, that community and our Harchoma do not differ in their legal status, but they kind of do differ in their status. So in their functionality, in terms of this is more looks like a planned community. And this is kind of a heavily, Malay Zayteem is kind of a heavily fortified enclave. Harchoma is another example of a ring neighborhood. As you can see, the Green Line here extends to Ramat Rahel. And then all this territory to the south, we're already over the Green Line, including this Harchoma community, which is another of the ring neighborhoods of Jerusalem. It's built over the Green Line. Now Jerusalemites will tell you, oh, it's now, you know, they might be horrified if you said, well, if you live in Harchoma, you live in a settlement. But from the perspective of the international community, both the ring neighborhoods of Jerusalem and the, and the towns in Gush at Sion are over the Green Line. This is why Gilo is considered another ring neighborhood, because as you can see, the Green Line kind of by intersex Bates of Fafa or splits it in half. And then Bates of Fafa is Bates of Fafa is now half over the Green Line, half under the Green Line. But this community of Gilo, which is another one of the neighborhoods of Jerusalem, is considered a ring neighborhood and is built over the Green Line, as you can see. So it really surprised a lot of people when the international community gets a throes of fish about Israel, building in Gilo. People think of Gilo as an integral neighborhood of Jerusalem. But as I said, it's considered one of the ring neighborhoods and it is located over the Green Line. French Hill, as you can see, Piscat Zev is another big one, and there's actually Piscat Zev north, west and east, all of it's located over the Green Line. So there you go. That is the, that is the status and that is what the ring neighborhoods of Jerusalem are. I hope this video has been informative and if you do want to get more videos from me about your supporters, geopolitics and other subjects, do please consider subscribing to this YouTube channel. Thank you for watching.