 Acute kidney injury, a.k.a. is caused by inflammation which can lead to death or serious health complications. Inflammation is triggered by various factors such as ischemia, sepsis, and nephrotoxicity resulting in the release of cytokines and chemikines from tubules and endothelial cells. These chemicals attract white blood cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes to the kidneys leading to further damage. This article was authored by Alia Kay, Koukan Nguyen, and Charles L. Edelstein.