 Good day everyone, so nice to to be here with you today. So as you know like we FAO is now organizing for quite many months the Knowledge Dissemination Dialogue on antimicrobial resistance and this has become quite like on a regular basis. This series of webinars aim to spread information and knowledge on activity that they are strictly linked on antimicrobial resistance and today it's my pleasure that we have here Dr. Pierre-Alexander Belloil from the European Full Safety Authority that will talk about the integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in animals and humans in the European Union. This activity I mean the European Union has a long-standing experience on providing support for surveillance. Just to remind you that during this series there are some housekeeping rules. So first of all please keep your microphone mute and then rename yourself with your organization in the country following the by the name so then we can also understand a bit better what it is well the participant in this webinar. Then please note that the views presented by Pierre-Alexander are a sole one and not the one of the organization. Consider to not please refrain from advertising services companies and commercial products in the chat. And also please post your question in the chat as like we will have 30 minutes 20-30 minutes in the for the presentation and then we will pick up a like all the different questions from the chat books like for the discussion and we will try to address all of them otherwise we will find other ways to be out there. As you know like the the meeting it is recorded and you can find all of them in the AFU YouTube channel and in any case we will provide at the end of the with the follow-up email like the information regarding the presentation at the PowerPoint and without like yeah going further so I just want to take a few words to introduce Dr. Pierre-Alexander Deloghi. So as I was saying that he worked at the European Food Disability Authority he is a veterinarian and then more precisely as a particular interest in veterinary epidemiology. He has dedicated the majority of his career to look at for preventive veterinary medicine and also in the food safety field. His main interests are in well antimicrobial resistance. He has been working on in the French authorities conduct both research but also surveillance activity mainly in the feed production sector. Well now I hand over to Pierre-Alexander for his presentation and then we will have the possibility to ask questions later. So Pierre over to you and thank you for joining me like this because we are all looking forward to your work. I'm sorry I believe it is not the right presentation. No Daniella oh sorry I'm so sorry could you go back to the previous presentation the one I sent before sorry I'm so sorry for this issue. Yes Marina please. Yeah it is this one sorry. Then you go. Yeah thank you so thank you so much to the organizers to give the opportunity to present this activity the integrated monitoring of antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial resistance in the EU what we call the GIACRA initiative. Next slide please. First let me recall that the European Union includes 27 member states and that's the European Union and the EU member states conduct common policies such as the common agricultural policy and within the common agricultural policy there is an important part which is dedicated to food safety so that food-producing animals and food derived put on the European market anywhere in Europe provides similar guarantees of quality and safety to the final consumers and the control of antimicrobial resistance has been addressed by the food safety policy for a number of years in fact. Next slide please And indeed the EU has taken actions to to to to mitigate antimicrobial resistance and already in 2003 certain antimicrobial additives were banned in animal feed in the EU and as well the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals and food started to be implemented in a common way and already in a public health perspective. In 2006 gross promoters were banned and in 2013 fully harmonized monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in food producing animals and food was implemented. In 2018 the monitoring of antimicrobial sales in food producing animals by the member states became mandatory. In fact this monitoring had been already in place on a voluntary basis since several years already and in addition an objective of reduction of antimicrobial consumption in animals to be achieved in 2030 was also adopted at that time. In addition to a number of legislative provisions the European Commission issued two one-else action plans over the period since since 2011 and the objective was of course to combat antimicrobial resistance and those action plans are aiming to promote prudent use of antimicrobials to enhance cross-sectorial work between the animal sector and the human sector to improve prevention of infections in both sectors and as well to consolidate the monitoring of antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial resistance and it is within this objective of consolidation of both monitoring of EMC and EMR that the JAKRA initiative stands. Next slide please and the and the this initiative is JAKRA and it is this an initiative at STU level for an integrated monitoring and analysis of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in humans and in animals. JAKRA stands for Joint Interagency Consumption and Resistance Analysis. The EU agencies involved are the European Medicine Agency, the European Food Safety Agency and the CDC's European Centre for Control and Prevention of Disease and the JAKRA is built on the existing monitoring systems of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in animals and in humans in the EU and the JAKRA aims at relating those existing data already published by the agencies and the objective of the JAKRA are notably to compare antimicrobial consumption between animals and humans and as well to analyze relationship between antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial resistance in humans and in animals considering each sector separately but as well considering both sectors together in multivariate analysis. Next slide please and of course we will see a little bit about the data sources next slide. Regarding the animal sector, the data on antimicrobial resistance are provided by the EU member states to EFSA and antimicrobial resistance data rely on a representative monitoring system in place in pigs, roilers, turkeys and bovine animals of less than one year of age. It is fully based on harmonized representative sampling designs and this monitoring is performed in LC animals and the resistance is assessed as the microbiological resistance using ECOF epidemiological values. There is as well a number of indicators of resistance which is assessed at the food producing animal levels considering the pig, roilers, turkeys and bovine animals together and those data are compared with data on antimicrobial consumption which are collected from the member states by the European Medicines Agency. Those antimicrobial consumption data are sales data of veterinary antimicrobial agents and that they are collected through the ISVAC network. Overall sales are expressed in milligram per kilogram of biomass and as well there are some data which are expressed as 80 divets per kilogram biomass as technical estimates of sales at animal species level. Next slide please and we can say as well that as the EMR data are monitored in domestically produced LC animals they can be compared nicely with data on consumption of antimicrobials. The data on resistance and consumption of antimicrobials in humans are provided by the ECDC. They are collected through three different networks data on antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Campalabacta derived from the food and waterborne disease and so on of this network while data on Echerichia coli, Echerichia coli, Eclepsia l'apneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus derived from the Earth's net and antimicrobial consumption data in humans derived from the EZAC net and data are collected as DDD, 1000 inhabitants per day but for the purpose of comparing consumption data in animals and in humans those data are converted in a milligram of active antibiotic substance per kilogram of biomass. Next slide please. Next slide. Hello the analysis is performed considering a number of combinations of antimicrobial classes and organisms which are particularly important. Regarding the substances critically important antimicrobials as for human medicine as defined by WHO are primarily considered such as the floquinolones, polymixin, certain for generation cephalosporins, the carbapenems only for humans and the magralites and as well we consider aminopenicelins and tetracycline which are substances typically used in veterinary medicine. Regarding the bacterial organisms considered we consider the zoonotic Salmonella and Campalabacta and as well Ecoli, indicator Ecoli in animals. Next slide please. Next slide. Now we can see a number of results regarding antimicrobial consumption. The intention is to illustrate the results obtained by through the JAKRA initiative by the results published in the JAKRA Act 3 report. It was published in July 2021 and currently the agencies are preparing the fourth JAKRA report which will be published in December of this year or January beginning of next year. Regarding the comparison of antimicrobial consumption in humans and in animals over the period of time addressed by the JAKRA Act 3 report what we can see is that the overall antimicrobial consumption was lower in food producing animals and in humans over the period 2016 to 2018. This remains true for a more recent period. What we can observe as well is an interesting statistically significant decrease of 32% of antimicrobial consumption in animals over the period 2014 and 2018 and as well this significant decrease has continued over the more recent years and this decrease in consumption in animals is believed to reflect the implementation of measures taken by the member states and by the sectors and those measures seems to be rather effective in a number of member states. Next slide please. Regarding the comparison of antimicrobial consumption by antimicrobial class, typically a consumption of aminopenic saline, certain fourth generation catheterous perine, screenolones has been higher in humans than in food producing animals. Conversely considering polymixin and tetracycline, those classes are more frequently used in food producing animals than in humans. Next slide please. Of course there are important disparities between the member states. Now considering the second main objective which is addressing relationship between consumption and resistance in humans, in animals and in both together we can see a number of results. Next slide please. Allow to give first an overview of the numerous analyses performed. First a number of univariate analyses to compare consumption and resistance in bacteria within each sector were performed. On the illustration shown on the right hand side of the slide those univariate analyses corresponds to the vertical lines and typically associations between consumption and resistance were observed within a sector. As well multivariate analyses illustrated a relationship between consumption in animals and resistance in animals and resistance in humans as well. In particular for a number of combinations including zoonotic bacteria and yeah next slide please. Allow we can have a closer look to the kind of results provided by the JAKRA report considering for example one combination of interest kambalabakta-jejunai, zoonotic kambalabakta-jejunai and and quinolones. We can see on the left hand side of the slide that we have a very nice univariate association between consumption and resistance in the animal sector. Here we have the association between consumption of quinolones, quinolones for quinolones considered together in poultry compared with antimacrobial resistance levels in kambalabakta-jejunai from poultry. If we consider this association through the multivariate analysis the multivariate analysis is performed using PLS PM and this methodology is useful because it allows to look for associations or relationship between variables of the dataset where collinearity between variables occur which is the case when you consider data on consumption and data on resistance, data on resistance in bacteria from animals and as well from humans in particular if you consider zoonotic bacteria. Here what we can see from the final multivariate model is that we observe an association between consumption in animals so represented in green on the left hand side of the of the scheme with resistance in bacteria from animals on the bottom of the left hand side of the of the schema and this resistance observed in kambalabakta from animals are as well linked with resistance in kambalabakta isolated from humans. So this pattern is rather typical of for zoonotic bacteria such as kambalabakta. So we are able to show a link between consumption of flow quinolones in animals particularly in poultry and resistance to quinolones in kambalabakta isolated from humans. Next slide please. We can illustrate as well another type of pattern in the considering the multivariate model and this considering another combination which is the combination involving E. coli and resistance to third generation catholosporine and here you can see that's the final model underlines a strong relationship between consumption in humans and resistance in E. coli from humans resistance to third generation catholosporine in E. coli from humans while there is no relationship between the animal sector and the human sector for this combination in the final model and this is likely due to the fact that that consumption in animals of third generation catholosporine is low rather extremely low you know as well that it is forbidden to use third generation catholosporines in poultry and as well the level of resistance to third generation catholosporines in indicate the E. coli from food producing animals including poultry and pigs is rather extremely low so these are reasons for explaining this kind of pattern. Next slide please. Then the chakra report not only consider combinations of baccalaureate and of antimicrobial class but as well considered the relationship between key indicators key primary key indicators as defined within the EU for measuring progress made in implementing action plans against EMR within the member state and so we have a key indicator regarding antimicrobial resistance which is the proportion of indicator E. coli completely susceptible to antimacrobials tested in the EU monitoring and the corresponding primary indicator of consumption is the overall sales of veterinary antimacrobials in animals and the primary indicator of complete susceptibility in indicator E. coli has been decided to be used to monitor the evolution of the situation within the the food producing animal sectors because it allows to have a nice overview of the situation and as well to address the issue of co-resistance and co-selection as well so within the chakra we try to look for relationship between those primary indicators. Next slide please. And effectively what we have obtained is a consistent statistically significant negative association between primary indicators in food producing animals meaning that higher is the overall consumption of antimacrobials lower is the chance to pick up a completely susceptible indicator E. coli from food producing animals. What we can observe as well is that this relationship is rather consistent over time and we can as well observe from the the graphs presented on the right hand side of the slide that an important of points are moving from the right hand side of the graph to the left meaning we observe or we illustrate here a decrease in terms of overall consumption of antimacrobials and as well we can observe a move yes kind of move a number of points which corresponds to member states are moving to the left as well from the middle of the graph to the left hand side showing that consumption is decreasing as well for the majority of the member states but we observe as well an increase in in in complete susceptibility so all the results are moving and evolving in terms of reduction of consumption and increase of complete susceptibility of the proportion of completely susceptible indicator E. coli the relationship remains rather consistent over time and this underpin and validate the interest of those primary indicators defined to follow up overall evolution of the situation regarding antimacrobial resistance and and and consumption in food producing animal sectors in the in the next slide please next slide hello time to act so we we we have seen that in particular considering the comparison between indicators of complete susceptibility and indicators of overall consumption that there is a strong relationship and and it is believed that these kind of results encourage to an overall reduction of of of consumption of antimacrobials in order to obtain an increase of complete susceptibility that is what is expected and in order to address as well the the the issue of of core resistance and and co-selection a lot within the EU a number of recommendations have been issued in those sectors in animal and in human sectors in order to achieve a prudent use of antimacrobials and first a number of member states and competitive authorities of the member states shared their experience on how to implement measures to to to achieve prudent use of antimacrobials the agencies issued scientific recommendations and those scientific recommendations may be summarized as follow it should be a a reduction a replacement and everything about the use of antimacrobials we should reduce the use of antimacrobials we should replace the antimacrobial square possible by enhancing a vaccination in particular creating new vaccines and implementing vaccination and as well to rethink the lifestyle production system in order to better prevent infections and as well within the EU there is an important tool which is the which is the legislation in fact and and there is a number of legislative provisions to to to enhance the the use of antimacrobials in in animals next slide please another take home messages the the what we can see from the results of playing in the jacra 3 report which is the third report we issued before already jacra 1 and jacra 2 we are currently working on the jacra 4 and what we can observe is that a some effort has been made in both sectors in order to reduce consumption and and reduce antimacrobial resistance so and in the animal sector to increase the the the rate of completely susceptible indicator e coli there is really a need to ensure prudent use so as to reduce the consumption of antimacrobials in both sectors and it is truly believed that further interventions to reduce antimacrobial consumption will have a beneficial impact on antimacrobial resistance but those actions to reduce antimacrobial consumption should consider all antimacrobial classes as shown by the comparison between the the the key indicators of resistance and of consumption and there is as well a need to promote in both humans and food producing animals prudent use of antimacrobial agents infection control and prevention of infections but still there are disparities between the EU member states situations and high levels of consumption and resistance are still reported and and registered and so all the interventions and recommendations made should be reinforced in order to obtain good good good results but already a number of member states have registered results going into the right direction in terms of both reduction of consumption and resistance and resistance next slide please hello just an update a very short update regarding the chakra for report which is which is in in in finalization now it is expected by the the the beginning of of next year for the publication and these the objective of this chapter for report is to consider in particular the time period covering 2019 to 2021 the objectives are rather similar to compare consumption of antimacrobials in both sectors human and animal sectors to perform integrated analysis of the relationships between antimacral consumption and antimacrobial resistance and as well to consider this comparison of consumption and resistance but accounting for the what we call the time effect meaning not only comparing consumption and resistance year by year at is at is has been done until chakra 3 but as well to compare trends observed in consumption and resistance to see whether we observe committed trends in terms of reduction of consumption and reduction of of resistance in the in the in the member states and as well the European commission and kindly requested the agencies to translate as far as possible the scientific results of the report into advice for policy makers in particular regarding trends where there is need to really enhance reductions where it's it's needed and in particular where we observe still increasing trends in in in consumption and and increasing trends in in resistance hopefully this situation is is rather rare but it may it may occur so I said there are still disparities between between the member states although most of the member states are doing into the the and most sectors are going into the right direction in terms of reduction of consumption and resistance and next slide please yeah so it's time to hear a knowledge that the wonderful contribution of a number of of people within the EU you may imagine instead to collect all those data in terms of resistance and consumption in animal sectors and and and human sectors it's a huge work involving plenty of of colleagues and without their their their full support and fantastic reporting of data to the agencies that the chakra analysis was would not be would not be possible and we are rather happy that the chakra initiative is one of the the most advanced integrated analysis of of of consumption and resistance in animals in humans thank you questions are welcome thank you very much appear and yes we will not pick up the question that they are in the chat because I've seen many of them that we are coming so we will start from them then I will serve some on my side okay first of all we go in order the question comes from health for animals how many countries in the EU collect the consumption data for the main hospital healthcare zone do they share this data are these data available for the read yeah so the the in fact the the collection of of data on antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial resistance in animals in food producing animals this collection of data is is is mandatory by the EU legislation so member states should implement technical specifications as defined by the EU legislation and as well by a number of technical recommendations issued by the by the agencies in order to collect representative and compatible data on consumption and and resistance and that is those data collected by the member states on a mandatory basis which are collated together and analysed together by the agencies within the chakra initiative thank you for the main hospital are like it is ecdc that is in charge yeah yeah in the human side it is it is ecdc within charge yeah okay then we have a question from simi that could i sorry i might have been from india no well so it's asking whether have you test the contribution in the aim of antimicrobial resistance of the antibiotic consumption in human sector and compare it the contribution of the consumption in animal sector so i think that it is so it is the contribution in antibiotic resistance of the antibiotic consumption in human sector and so it is compared to the one that is the consumption in animal sector yeah so this is a part of the chakra and we we we we we in fact there is a comparison which is made and the comparison is first a comparison of the overall consumption and and we have we are comparing trends in terms of overall consumption in humans and in animals using the the same unit which is the milligram per kilogram of biomass in order to to be able to to compare things between sectors and as well there is a comparison by antimicrobial classes we we we present in the report a number of nice butterfly graphs to compare consumption per antimicrobial class and per sector those data can be retrieved from the report here yes so then we have lucy collineau that well she said that well is it great that we have like the indicators in the human and animals i guess those are the key indicators that you were mentioning that in the scientific opinion and are you considering using complete susceptible equal and human as well maybe adjusting the panel of antibiotics included hello and this is the this is the pending question and this is a could be could be an option but of course it is it is for the for the colleagues in the in the public sector and in the animal side to to to further decide about it in the chakra for report we have made an attempt to construct an indicator of a complete susceptibility in indicator equalized from humans in order to to to mirror the the indicator in in animals but as said by the by lucy the the the the the panel of antimicrobials considered are not exactly the same so it's really we are at the beginning beginning step for this yeah thank you yes and then we have a question from collineau nunan so she said the chakra report seems to have a very strong evidence that the use of chlorokinolones in poultry is a key cause of chlorokinolone resistance in human campylobacteria infection given this relationship does the you have any plans to handle the use of chlorokinolone in poultry and yes if there's been a discussion why is not going this that actually this is the case i know the the first i believe this kind of scientific report suggested the chakra is is one element to be taken into account there are other scientific results deriving from the literature from the research etc as said before the chakra relies on the data collected from the monitoring system in place within the member states what we have seen from this multivariate model is that there is a link there is a association between consumption in animals and resistance in capylobacter from from humans those the pattern of the final multivariate model will underline this relationship this path but it doesn't mean that if you consider the human sector within considering the univariate analysis where you consider specifically the human sector there may be as well a relationship between consumption in in in in humans and and and and and resistance in in humans but in the final model it seems that the other path is is is prominent still another level of answer is that we have this result it is up to the member states and to the commission to the competent authorities within the member state and to the commission to discuss and to decide whether there is a need to to to to take more strict action as well the sectors the production sectors within by themselves that may decide to to to take action regarding regarding the use of antimacrobials for example considering another antimacral class the third generation kephalosporine will do it is still authorized for example in peaks some sectors in europe have decided to restrain massively the use and and to to to to to keep it as a kind of very last resort class for example to in in a in peace so so a number of actions can be taken not only at the legislative level and anyway it is up to the competent authorities to to to discuss and to decide the agencies and the scientific results are there you know to to provide a number of evidence and and it is to risk managers to to to decide and to take actions thank you thank you very much and indeed i think that we have also i mean also working with the country we do also observe that sometimes it is that well the legislation is a very good backup to make things like well strictly and then there should be enforced but most of the time it is also like consumers that they drive the changes like when it comes to food and also like that when the i mean farmers association they can impose themselves even more strict like targets that they want so sometimes it is even more efficient to reach this but yes let's go back to the question that they i mean they are in the chat so there is a question regarding okay the data presented to increase of anti-biotic consumption in human health in the EU in about one third volume decreases in animal use so it seems that the animal health sector approach is working better than the one in the human health sector so do you think that the human health care sector can learn something from the animal health sector and what do you think that this is the magic bullet point yeah yeah so well that's true that in the animal sector in in Europe we we are registering this nice result of of of decrease in overall decrease in consumption as said there is as well a target in terms of reduction of antimicrobial consumption by 2030 this target would be a reduction by 50 compared with the level of consumption observed in 2018 so this as well is a it is believed to be an important incentive as well there is an interest for the for the production sectors to to to to consume less there is as you were we calling Francesca as well a demand from the from the final consumers then comparing both sectors in terms of actions is is never is never easy whether it is is it possible because both sectors are completely different with different constraints and so again we can say that the the the the the the the the nice result observed in the animal sector may as well be an incentive for the human sector that that as well there is important disparities between the the the the different member states as well regarding the human sector and and we have good situations as well so in certain member states so and and things are moving as well in the in the human sectors thank you yes then we have okay so did you measure the contribution of antibiotic consumption in animals in the resistance in human risk in human resistance compared to the resistance in human that comes from human consumption so it's like yeah it's contribution of antibiotic consumption in animals in the resistance in human in human resistance yeah so this is the this is the we we we have in we have a branch within the pattern of analysis comparing as well directly a possible association between consumption in animals and resistance in humans it is the kind of diagonal this is the this is the this is the as well something which has been which has been checked for the yeah for for for for checking of okay of possible bias in in but yes this this has been done yeah yeah i've not insisted in the presentation but yes this is done in the report and then there is a ibrahim a law from Fav Senegal so thank you for sharing your interest data for AMR so if you compare your data with the data that they are notified by the EU country for the the WHO glass and then the anemones of the war so the one that they are available like because well EU as like the well the european age they get here but other country i mean at the same time there is also this the global system for the AMR and the new humans from WHO and the one in AMU in animals and then soon will also come the AMR uh in animals from the faw side so have you compared or like have you have do you have planned like also to double check or to have cooperation yeah uh no up to now we have not done it uh the objective being one of the objective being really to to to use the the data available from the monitoring system in place within the EU and in particular those monitoring systems which have been implemented mandatorily and with with with a legal basis this is one of the objective in the future we may consider uh uh addressing all the sources of data um but uh but this need to be this need to be to be think about and to be planned but it does not be done yet yeah thank you anyway yeah i think that the situation is evolving because all people are producing data and i mean it's also that of course the need the data need to be comparable in order to be analyzed together um so then we have a question from Usman um Zahir so very interesting finding what would be the top two factor that have contributed the significantly to achieving success in conducting integrated AMR and user surveillance in the human health sector and the animal health sector so this is one question and then it is i'll have governance structure around data collection and sharing and the behavior of change impacted the integrated surveillance so one it is that what are the two factors that have contributed to achieving this success in having the integrated surveillance and the other one it is regarding governance structure yeah i know the the success of the of the integrated uh surveillance um i i believe it is uh first it is something that we because we okay between the agencies we are we are constantly exchanging and and as well we we have been rather careful in in designing monitoring systems in particular in the in the animal sector that the data collected uh are are compatible as i said before for example in the animal sector we are monitoring AMR in uh in uh indicator commons ally from food producing animals and those animals which are domestically produced uh so that we can compare those data on resistance with data uh on consumption uh within the country uh so uh this has been uh considered from the very beginning because we had in mind uh at least at the later stage to to compare those data so uh and and as well when we when we when there is a monitoring of resistance in zoonotic salmonella or campylobacter from humans uh the intention has always been to be able to compare with data on antimackel resistance in salmonella and campylobacter isolated from food producing animals so uh comparability may not be uh uh fully uh fully fully perfect for for for for some aspects but but globally uh we have uh comparability and and and other that makes sense to to to compare the data uh and as well uh it has been rather uh a step-by-step approach as said uh we we we are now preparing the first report 10 years ago when we were preparing the first report we had to to learn how to work together we had to to to to to understand the data uh from the other sector or or or et cetera et cetera and uh i would say the willingness to to to to analyze those data and to provide interesting results was the main uh the main driver in order to to to underpin uh decision or or et cetera uh i said it is really believed that it is a time time time to act the the uh fs has issued a number of scientific opinions as well about antimackel resistance uh where uh strong recommendations have been made and in the human sector it is it is the same of course it's clear that uh we should combat antimackel resistance and one of the main driver of resistance is most likely antimackel consumption so that's what i can can say okay thank you very much for so for this reply so then um i think that um so you see that well many people are saying thank you for the presentation and unfortunately the data um it's very interesting actually to see that well collecting data and then i mean is you know like you need to be resilient in order to to have good data and then um maybe just a few questions from my side one it is that is it possible to have i mean is it available publicly the methodology in a very details in order for other country to replicate the same uh and where it can be found yeah so uh i would say yes at at different level uh regarding the collection of the data uh uh because it is the starting point before trying to compare data you need to collect a good quality data in terms of representativeness and comparability both in antimackel resistance and in antimackel consumption and the the the the raw data i would say are published regularly by the agencies within within reports which are publicly available and there is as well documents regarding detailed methodology material methods how to to to to to monitor for example antimackel resistance or antimackel consumption uh then regarding the the analysis performed for the chakra report there is an extensive section on material methods and for the chakra for for this year we are planning to improve this aspect by releasing in parallel with the report with the publication of the report uh a code a code resource uh a depository so there will be some pieces of code corresponding to the main analysis which will be publicly available uh so that uh the the the the the the the methodology can be can be replicated by using the the the the the the the same uh the same code um uh yeah that's that's the that's an added value of the chakra for compared to the previous uh previous uh previous ones yeah and i think that many i mean many of us that will live on data they will be really appreciate because it's make a difference like if you can see already what it has been done and now it has been done in a very detailed so that can be useful to be replicated so i think that we will really watch out when it is a chakra forecast uh and is beginning available another question it is regarding like any plan that you know the agency has or like in the european union to have a bit more of uh also surveillance for amr in animal pathogen only sorry anti-microbial resistance surveillance in animal pathogen only so uh so to increase not only like to the specific bacterial species that you have been mentioning but also other and of course that yeah yeah i know yes hello yeah just let me let me in the line that for the chakra we are we are again we are considering in animals uh data from uh uh lc lc animals data anti-microbial resistance collected for uh uh uh in in a in a public health perspective there are a number of data uh which are collected uh resistance data from animal pathogens within the member states but uh but we we we do not use those those data because there is likely uh an issue of uh comparability uh because those monitoring system of resistance in animal pathogens have been implemented a number of years ago and in some member states this has started even before monitoring amr in uh in uh indicator bacteria or zoonotic bacteria uh and so as there are uh really ancient systems place uh each system has been developed with their own uh parameters so there may be still a lack of comparability what we know is that there is a an initiative and some and some programs to to work between the member states in order to to go towards further harmonization between the system in place but but but so far and no we we are we are not planning to to use those data in the near in the near future it is something that we can we can think about but but again uh comparability of data is is really is what the key when you try to consider data coming from the 27 member states or an important number of member states and so uh uh yeah this is this is to be solved uh first although there are there are there are initiatives in place to go in that direction yeah thank you thank you very much Pierre and Elkina we are almost at the end so really like thank you to you and to all the colleagues that have been like present like uh and following and then of course this is like it will be since it will be in the in the fall channel then will be many people that will have the possibility also to hear about that well really like thank you like for providing us an example that well collection of data I mean it's useful and you're just as I was saying you need to be resilient in order to have good data that you can be comfortable to use also to do these integrated surveillance but I think that a good example come from the you just need to provide like the right environment and be persistent thank you very much again and then looking forward to see the chakra and then also what comes next in the case of scientific opinion for Emma from the agency thank you again to all and then maybe now I just um tell about the next um the next webinar that we will be um having so that coming one is uh will be on exploring integrated approaches to antimicrobial resistance control in food and agriculture and there will be um the result on the result from the farmer field school pilot that they've been done and will be done by Dr. Emmanuel Cavalli um and this will be um will be done in two weeks and then uh just also my colleague has put also in the chat the link for the feedback questionnaire and so we are always like looking for the feedback in order to further improve it and if you or like someone that you know has an interest in presenting and defining these contact tasks we will be very happy to have you here presenting and hearing about the I mean interesting result so thank you very much to all and have a good rest of the day