 Welcome you in the course of leadership, emotional intelligence and the CN making. This is module number 5 and we are going to talk about the charismatic, inspirational models, heroic leadership. When we talk about charismatic and inspirational models, no doubt we are concerned with the charisma of the leaders, that how they are going to demonstrate themselves in front of the public in front of the followers in front of the world. Inspirational approaches to leadership are basically talking about a theory related to the charisma of the leader. And according to this theory, as you can see in the slide, that followers make attributions of heroic and extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors. So, with the leader, followers associate some extraordinary aspects, such as the aspects that their charisma is creating. Now when we talk about the charismatic leaders, the charismatic leaders are basically having a vision. They are going to have willingness and ableness to take personal risks to achieve the vision. And obviously, when we talk about the leadership perspective, the sensitivity of the needs of the followers, they are to be determined. The leaders need to see how sensitive the followers are and according to those sensitivities, according to their needs, the leader changes himself, changes his style and tries to do his interaction better and better. When we talk about the charismatic leaders, they exhibit behavior that is out of ordinary. They think out of the box, they do things which are wonderful, they do things which are heroic, they demonstrate a perspective which a common person might not demonstrate. So these are all things, shared vision, needs to be understood, extraordinary performance. These are all things that create a leader's charisma. But there are certain characteristics of the charismatic leaders. The first characteristic is that they come up with the right vision, they come up with the right articulation of the aspects they want to discuss with their followers or they can do the right direction. The leaders are there, when we are talking about charisma, they are there to take the risk. Of course, in risk, they are there to do, they are there to perform and they are there to achieve the organizational goals and objectives by taking all means of risks. When we talk about charismatic leaders, they are basically sensitive to the environment as well. What are the requirements of the environment and what are the requirements of the environment and according to those requirements, the leader can mold himself and perform extraordinary performance. Similarly, when we talk about characteristics of leadership, another is that they are sensitive to the followers' needs. No matter what the level of need is, whether it is a psychological, physiological need, safety security issues, self-esteem or self-actualization, the leader is there to satisfy those needs. And along with that, the leader is there to come up with unconventional behavior. The followers are there to take that leader as a charismatic person and they are able to see that the organization's objectives, targets, high-level performance, they all achieve there. Along with that, when we talk about charismatic leaders, there are two further aspects related to the leadership theory. The one are transactional leaders and the other are transformational leaders. When we talk about transactional leaders, they are the leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements. And when we talk about transformational leaders, the transformational leaders are there to come up with four eyes. And those four eyes are individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, idealized influence and intellectual stimulation. These are the four eyes which can transform a leader in a transformational perspective. Now we will go into its details. When we talk about transactional leaders, the transactional leaders are there to give the contingent reward. The employees performing at the level at which they are performing, they are there to provide rewards. And as it is written on the slide, contract exchange of rewards for effort promises rewards for good performance and recognizes accomplishments. So these are the things which a leader will provide to his employees as a performance. And the main purpose of this is that the transaction can reach the final level. The second aspect is that the leader which is transactional by nature is giving the concept of, is coming up with the concept of management by exception. And management by exception can be of two types, active and passive. When we talk about management by exception active, the leader carefully looks at the followers' routine, patterns of work, and he also takes the corrective actions where he feels that there is a mistake. In addition, when we talk about management by exception passive, it intervenes only if standards are not met. The leader only performs his role at that time when he feels that there is a mistake in which the standards are getting deviated, then the leader will present his corrective actions there, and he will take the wrong stance there. And another important aspect in the transactional perspective is that it is done as license fair. And when we talk about license fair, it dedicates responsibilities and avoids making the scene, where the leader makes a decision, where they mostly add their own followers. The reason for this is that perhaps the followers are taken up as able and willing. And the main purpose of this is that they do not intervene in the process of transaction and they can do all sorts of decisions and subordinates themselves. In addition, when we talk about the transformational leader, the transformational leader is coming up with idealized influence, which means that vision, sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust, in aspects, they emphasize, they will do. They will talk about the relationship, they will talk about people's thoughts and their focus. So, in the case of transformation, our concern is more on the trust and respect. Another thing is inspiration. That leader is there to provide inspiration to the followers. Or followers, those inspirations say they drive the energy. They use symbols to focus efforts. They express important purpose in simple way. The third thing is, to transform the employees and the subordinates, that is basically intellectual stimulation. Where those people's intelligence, rationality, they promote and support and carefully, they emphasize the aspects of problem solving. So that they do not create distraction and the followers cannot be away from their real purpose. So the intellectual stimulation, intellectual boost is given by the leader when he or she is there to transform the followers. In the fourth eye, which we discussed earlier, is talking about individualized consideration. In which every person will be given the same attention. To advise every person, to coach every person, to understand the needs of every person and to guide them, train them and develop them. So all these aspects will be counted in the transformational perspective of leadership. If we recap all of this, if we conclude all of this, then we will remember that in the concerns of leadership, charisma is important because people are influenced by it and charisma is no doubt part of personality as well. But at the same time, we have to bring the transactions to an end and we have to change people's thinking in terms of transformational aspects.