 Nanotechnologies have been used to develop novel treatments for bladder cancer. These include nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, photodynamic and photothermal therapies, and immunotherapeutics. Additionally, nanoparticles can be used to detect biomarkers and image tumors. This article was authored by Milad Ashrafizadeh, Ali Zarbih, Hassan Karimi Mele, and others.