 Welcome everybody. I'm very proud to be hosting this session from the Internet of Production Alliance at the Open Source Summit. We're going to be talking about open hardware and more specifically stories of open hardware in what we call the Internet of Production. We're very proud to be present here today because a lot of our inspiration comes from the open source software movement. I want to start off by getting us all together on a sort of paradigm shift. We all here want to reinvent manufacturing. We want to think about the possible futures of what manufacturing world could look like. And actually what we're going to talk about is what this future already looks like today. So with that started, the people who will be speaking to you are very diverse and we're specifically very global. It's great that we can do an online version of this event because I'm right now in Denmark. My name is Barbara Schach. I'm the coordinator of the Internet of Production Alliance. I'm joined by Christina in Spain, by Rawa in Iraq, and by Milo in El Salvador. There are lots of different time zones. I don't know for you all, but I believe it's the afternoon or morning depending on where you are. So welcome all of you. And without further ado, I'll start by telling you what is it that we need by an Internet of Production. So to the right over here, you'll see what is the predominant paradigm of production today since the Industrial Revolution. There are economies of scale where one single design is mass produced and able to reach millions of consumers. This paradigm has enabled billions of people to achieve a higher quality of life than this like an unimaginable even at our grandparents generation. This has concentrated the power of making and producing in the hands of relatively few either designers or producers or both and it cements geopolitical structures where they currently are. So to make this tangible imagine the label, an object saying design in California, made in China. This is what we are living in and somewhat stuck in and trying to evolve from. Yeah, because it contributes to wider global economic and social changes and we're talking about, of course, environmental destruction from the long supply chains. We're also talking about in safe migration from two locations of production, or two locations of power, unhappiness and a consumer society and intergenerational poverty because we get locked in. You can produce this here you can produce that here you can't produce anything, and this goes through generation after generation. And, and last but I guess not least what we know now is this seemed like a really efficient supply chain, but it's actually a very fragile system. It's got no resilience to crisis. It's got very few nodes that can fail. It leaves us incapable of getting what we want when we need it where we needed at based on what we currently have in that location. So, that's where we are right now, and quite recently actually, and we at the internet of production lines envision a different manufacturing future. As we observe that already today emerging technologies, they're allowing us to move from this slow and inefficient global supply chain to a future where it's data and knowledge that is shared across the world, that is shipped across the world digitally, but physical products are made as locally as possible, and where they are actually needed and by we, I mean the Internet of Production Alliance. So I guess it's time I introduce us. We are a group of people that believe in this vision or more specifically, we believe in the future of production that lies in this decentralized manufacturing where there's global knowledge, local production from locally sourced materials, less logical impact, and we work on that link in the middle of the digital infrastructure where lines of where individuals as well as organizations across the globe that are that are working together on the on the infrastructures needed to make this possible with the digital infrastructures. And I'll put this out there right now we would love for you all to join us. And to make this tangible, I'll go into details later but let's start by making this really tangible. Let's take one of the very big questions of globalized and decentralized production. Our first storyteller will be Christina. She is the co-founder and chief innovation officer at Wikifactory. And Christina, can you please tell us more about decentralized manufacturing and design. An absolute pleasure to be here thanks Barbara. This is a great, great panel. And it's directly tied to our very beginnings. Because you're right. It was open source software, hardware, apologies, that really inspired us already now eight years back when, fundamentally, we started to see was part of a community called Aspians of technologists that were very interested in bringing, let's say the latest technologies and applied to contacts of social innovation to sustainability accessibility. And we were very inspired by early open hardware initiatives like open desk that were sharing furniture. The work of Amelia already of apropedia initiatives like enable specifically, it was wiki house that were our neighbors in our co-working space. And, in effect, one of our colleagues had supported wiki house, which is an open community of architects that were sharing the not only the designs and the documentation openly, but very much also an infrastructure to build open communities around their open source architecture construction kit. And what was really inspiring is, you know, in effect, whilst they were really showing that you know the future of design and production is about is not about shipping, let's say the biscuit but shipping the recipe. So they were able to inspire that that future is not one of, let's say a plug and play approach where solutions are just downloaded by the web. But rather that they would be contextualized and it was through local knowledge and local needs local materials that it really inspired us as a team to want to support initiatives like wiki house that in the first time you was it was kickstarted or it was inspired by an initial house that was released in open source in in the UK for sustainable building. It was then replicated by a team in New Zealand, when the earthquake in Christchurch hit the city, and they needed to be able to build homes fast, and the CNC fabbed open source design was exactly a design that they could remix to be consistent. And then you had people in say Portugal that said, Why use plywood in the CNC sheets, if I can use cork because cork is our local potential sheet material, or how can we use the construction kits the logic of it to retrofit the favelas in Rio and chapters around the world were really using local knowledge. And for me that, particularly as an entrepreneur in social innovation really inspired the vision of what the future of design and production could look like, if in effect, this community had an infrastructure that was similar to the infrastructure that software developers had. Because at the time, we were trying to sport wiki house with a major campaign that they were about to launch. And we were so surprised as a team of technologists that really a github did not exist that the base infrastructure for a team to work together around their files around their designs their documentation, so that indeed you could have a global community, trying to solve problems together, but the same time we're using the components and basically building on the shoulder of giants like software does that we needed to build this that that was one of the missing kernels from an infrastructure perspective, and therefore a github for for hardware. And of course we looked at the best practices of open source of github at the time. And we launched our tool with, in the, in essence, the essential kits tools to be able to work together around the virtual designs, in effect, the repository systems with version control with for CAD, the viewer aspects so that you could actually collaborate on CAD software and designs, regardless of whether you had the CAD software installed, or whether you had a plugin installed, we really want to make sure that the accessibility gains that tools like github offered for software developers was passed through to to the design and and and maker community in effect that was emerging. And it's been a really beautiful process because when we first launched, we literally went to the hundred, if not 1000 initial projects that inspired us till that date, and told them we want to co create and co build this platform with you. So, and now we have a community of over 100,000 designers and engineers around the world, working on over 6000 projects, ranging from drones to furniture to agri tech to bio lab equipment to medical devices thanks to the amazing community efforts and COVID of course. And, and I'm very excited because, contrary to when we first started as a platform, where maybe we were writing in the like say slope, a trough of disillusionment after a huge series stage of, of, let's say, over hyped enthusiasm around new tools like 3d printing and cnc. In fact, right now we're in this kind of slope of enlightenment of actually being able to see that on the one hand, the network of digital fabrication has matured, I think this year is a significant year that it's not it's now in terms of percentage orders of of things are made by the community by the micro factories around the world. The percentage of those things are made being prototypes or final end products have now shifted towards final end products finally, because of course there were a few that same critiques around digital fabrication as really offering a network of production for local production that, you know, definitely inspired us and inspires a whole community around the world. And really, we've seen a maturation in 2020, 2021 as well, that gives us hope that, you know, we have such a network from from a micro factory point of view that really can challenge the globalization of production, because it's so clear that when supply chains are stressed, we need local production. And so I feel like from a from a, you know, an enabling technology perspective, and the communication of it, people really understand why we need to distribute our supply chains more than ever. And in effect, we have now hundreds of manufacturing as a service providers, not just the maturation of the network itself of actual micro factories and the technologies that they use. But now we have hundreds, literally of manufacturing as a service providers online, where you can send your part or your prototype to be made. And the truth is that there are now over 25 million product developers are working remotely on virtual as virtual teams, working around their designs. And they need to be able to interface as smoothly as possible with this manufacturing network. That's why it is so exciting for me to say that as a brand promise because of course we wanted to really empower collaboration around design and production and we first launched with the essential, let's say, features to be able to work around design virtually. But the brand promise is really to enable a hardware developer to iterate as fast on their product as a software developer can with their apps to put it that way. And therefore the manufacturing element of the equation for a hardware is really been the challenge that we've been trying to face over the last few months, seeing that COVID has accelerated people's interest and concern about supply chains. We have prioritized to work on the key technologies, the key web technologies that could facilitate actually our community to work directly with manufacturers to discuss and engage the last mile of actual problem solving real problem solving that it takes to replicate a design, because there is an elephant in the room. There is the trend of industry 4.0 that most people have heard about the advances of technology of industry 4.0 is really limited to big companies and it's engendering a lot of siloed developments. And in effect, it's not a trend that SMEs and startups can affordably or excessively participate in. So really, we want to make sure that in effect SMEs and startups and the independent community worldwide have access to the latest web technologies for design to production. So we're very soon going to make it possible through the repository to be able to send your files to be made and be able to invite your manufacturer into your CAD models and discuss and annotate the manufacturing specifications on how it should be made, materials, what tolerances in effect the design for manufacturing information that's so key for replication. And these are the like hard boring challenges that we're trying to face as a platform, because we really do believe that that that the future of design and production is going to be powered by an ingenious community worldwide that takes advantage of these tools to in effect provide local solutions where they're needed and on demand. So thank you so much for for having the opportunity of sharing this it really does connect back to our original roots and to the challenge that we face today. Very cool person. I believe you had promised me a video. Thank you for for for checking in on that. Okay, I'm going to share a video to wrap it up. Thank you so much. Great. I thought I had an option of being able to share directly from YouTube, but I realized that I didn't. We'll, we'll move on if you're able to bring it up but I'll, I just want to underline the link that you were making with the, with the gets like how revolutionary get was for open source software development and how that's been one of the blocking steps for open hardware to be not a local element but something that works into a web. So, with that sort of first story in mind from with the factory and maybe we'll get a demo of the platform. I bring him you I want to bring you back to the overarching mission of the Internet of Production Alliance that I was mentioning. So, if our goal is for anyone everywhere to be able to participate in production. Let's look at how open source software enabled that for information. So, the open source or the open infrastructures of the Internet that the protocols that data standards that data systems. They're what enabled to the power to create to create digital contents to be to be provided to anyone everywhere. They connected and they enabled those these open infrastructure they enabled the means of production of digital content so we're very familiar with means of production I'm talking about our computers or cameras or phones, our microphones we're all creating digital content and it's thanks to open standards of the infrastructure of the of the Internet that we're able to whatever our competency and confidence level in in opens of software and software development in general to partake in that. Meanwhile, the open infrastructure needed to distribute the power to create physical things have been much slower to emerge. Like, while the means of production of physical things are as Christina was saying, spreading there more and more of them digital fabrication machines open hardware maker spaces fab labs hacker spaces to some extent. All of these are nodes that are able to fabricate something. These notes, they just aren't connected together yet. But when you keep it, you can, and yet you can see that open hardware right now especially it's it's like a building block that could be a public resource. If we look at the deep societal transformations that we need to address to. Well, transformations need to make to address the ecological crisis that are that are rushing towards us. We have a responsive and local production system in place to be able to respond to that. And I guess what brings the not I guess what brings together the Alliance members is that each of them is working on different bricks of that but they all need a common ecosystem innovation transformation. And in this this ecosystem transformation goes beyond the organizations domain of action. So in short, they need an internet of production to exist. And so we work together to build it. Because to make this tangible. I'm going to give you the example of what open hardware is like for a lot of people right now. Not the most savvy of us but just let's take a scientific researcher wants to build an open flexor microscope, the reprinted microscope able to collect data for whatever research they're doing. Today, finding actually getting this Microsoft built that depends on finding academic obscure academic web pages online that point them to the existence of that then developing the personal connections that enables them to get the right information. Accessing a range of free probably pirated software tools disputes with colleagues over which platform and software package to use many email conversations improvised file sharing and we transfers and drop boxes international travel to do capacity building when the production actually goes starts and probably calls private advice on how to assess whether the microscope is actually at the quality the desired quality or not and now we're talking about one location. So, this is where our conclusion is that open hardware urgently needs open digital infrastructure to help it reach the potential that it can have. So, another image of what this could be slightly more complex is something like this. This was developed developed by a helpful engineer and my son of the founders of the internet of production Alliance to see. Well what does not making of one pp equipment when the covert crisis hits look like but what does the system and internet of production look in terms of knowledge framework of the like the open knowledge framework that would underpin an internet of production. I do not expect you to be able to read any of the text here it's just a, just to give a sense that we're are really talking about an interconnected knowledge framework. Now, the, these digital infrastructure that the internet of production Alliance is working on. And they take the form of establishing these big blocks that you see here, which is categories of data standards that cover the core five six elements that we identify as needed to make anything. The first one is standardization of how we document how to make things. Second is a standard around where something can be made where the machines are where the tools are where the manufacturing capability is. Another thing that our scientists before was missing was who can make and what are the skills needed to make what needed to make the materials and components necessary to build the material and interestingly Christina was already giving examples of how that also will need to be worked again this location I want to make the this and this other location I want to make with that and you see the ramifications I think it's standard that enables you to then for information. All of this, then brings us to the very real question of well how does, how does all of this get paid for we have very far from a contract a massive contract to an industrial plant that then ships millions of items. So what is what are the different contracting and business models, what standards can we use or what models can we can we share. There's also for some for some of these elements a question of transportation especially for cold, if a cold chain is implied, and such as transportation and vaccines and materials like that, but we're not yet talking about decentralized production. Let's, let's not say never. This is, this is the overall vision and right now we're very proud to say that over the first three years of it existence the Internet of Production Alliance has built the first two standards working on the third one and by the end of 2023, we will have started work on all of these standards. I'll dive into the first two, and then the next two speakers will actually make this a reality and show you how these standards work for them practically. So the first one, open know how was released in 2019, and it is a data model to for sharing metadata about hardware documentation. The idea is to support discoverability of hardware designs online. So for you, for whom this word doesn't bring it image to mind. There are a 80 plus hardware hosting platforms right now from thingiverse to caribou's etc. There are thousands of open hardware initiatives and millions of designers sharing hardware designs, but there's no consistency or little of it and how the know how it's documented. And so makers struggle to access what they need, they don't know which platform to best find also prior designs of the person and what the intended usually ease is. So the design and documentation yes they are available, but it's hard to find and very difficult to reuse. I don't know how standard supports the discoverability of open hardware regardless on where it is in the World Wide Web is it on a personal website organizations website on my platform. Standardization of how the documentation is enables searchability discoverability. The next steps of the standard will focus will focus on portability and interactivity of hardware designs and also key elements. The last thing I will tell you about before, sorry, before I pass the mic on for more stories is the open nowhere standard. As it is pretty easy to get it is standard that enables you to standard as how you document the data of geographic locations of where machines and tools and manufacturing facilities are it enables you to know where something can be made. And another, I guess, image for this is right now digital maps have enabled you to find a store restaurant and library public restroom nearby details of contacts opening hours reviews. And it's become often more efficient than than the phone book. So the objective of an open standard for mapping of manufacturing capabilities for meant for manufacturing capability to also be able to come on on maps. So I need a 3d printer to be able to print for I need a 3d printer near me or I'm a designer who's recycling plastic where are the facilities that enable the items that I'm thinking about to be built or items and designing. Because lots of mapping thing initiatives are out there, often either at a, you know, at a local city level or an NGO or a wider regional mapping plan. And these initiatives are able to connect to each other because there's no standard identification of how that data was mapped. So, what does this mean, I mean, it means like a nearby plastic factoring can be matched with hardware designs or makers can find the machines they need. And beyond the actual mapping, it means a lot of awareness raising because if people can see what can be made where they are at changes attitudes. The idea that you have something needs to be made elsewhere and shipped in that that's challenged when you see what actually exists where you are. And I want you to picture a humanitarian health worker response preparing to respond to a coven 19 response in a refugee camp and supply chains globally have collapsed their last priority in terms of arrival of equipment. So, mapping what can be made locally. That brings the individuals in that community on the map, and someone is going to talk about this way better than I can. Hi, everyone. I'm from field ready based in Baghdad, Iraq. I'm very delighted to join to join you all in this exciting panel, and to talk more about our program and how like the open nowhere help us in our program. First of all, field ready like meets humanitarian and reconstruction like it needs by transforming logistics to like design technology and engaging people into different ways any new ways. So, basically we match we match the supply with the demand and work with the range of producers from established manufacturers to individuals. So, and we have like different programs in Nepal, Haiti, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, again that Kenya. So we are working with different also organizations like the GI said the save the children on previous projects. So, we are working with the age workers, engineers designers and many innovators, like supported by a global network of of a technical like specialist. We have like a program, which is the COVID-19 response to program in how to protect the frontline workers in this like pandemic. So, like our program is aims to fill the gaps of hard to find items or materials related to the COVID-19 protection and infection control items, which are unavailable or out of reach. And for those who responded to the crisis, especially the medical workers, the community workers who work in the camps settings. So our, our programs like mapping local local manufacturer capabilities to be able to meet those needs, and to making the PPEs and the, the infection control items to reduce the COVID-19 response article to like reduce the COVID-19 transmission. So, our program like campaigns, three humanitarian innovations, like the humanitarian open street map and the needs list to which are like both of them are working on the mapping the needs and manufacturing capabilities. We are talking about the global challenges that we are facing. I mean the whole country is facing during this pandemic is like the supply chains are already delayed by the pandemic. And if you want to like to ship some items from, from country to another of the pandemic and the you know they all did this, this type of lockdowns, the, the restrictions of traveling from, from one place to another one region to another. So these like just like get delayed the supply chains and chain and delayed the items from to reach the to the to the people who are like who needed the most. So in our program how we respond to this, we are like trying to you. We need to manufacture some PPEs and infection control items locally, and it's not only locally, we need to make it as near as possible where the needs are. So, in, in, in, and again that we are walking inside a camp and Kakoma refugee camp we are like training some ladies on how to make face covering and how to make hand drops and surprise soaps based on the WHO standards. We also like making food operated tabs in hand washer stations locally in that refugee camp. And we also like walking on plastic recycling. So we are solving the problem. Some environmental problems like the, the, the waste, waste plastic so we are solving this by recycling the plastics to be used in the, like the face shields. So, all this like plastic collection like gathered in Kakoma and again that and making recycled face shield to be used by the health workers. So, like field ready has a team of engineers who are ensuring the quality on each, each cat for each item in each country so our program is working in four countries in again the Kenya, Iraq, and Bangladesh. So, the other challenge is the lack of awareness of the local manufacturing capabilities you know before the pandemic. No one was like wearing the face mask no one was asking about the hand drops, but these things just get being like new to to to the to the people to the whole like it's a globally issue. So, now the needs are increasing to those things. So, mainly like China, USA and Germany where this is according to some statistics these three countries are mainly are responsible about manufacturing this type of items, but as we said like how to transport or how to ship all these items into different countries. This is something we need to solve it so how we solve this in our program. We are looking into like how to make the how to look into the manufacturing capabilities and the capacities in each country, and how to like locally work on this how to how we are mapping these by using the open nowhere that means we can collect the same data from across all all of the four countries in a current format data that is beneficial to those searching for manufacturers so for example we and when we are doing that our data collection in a specific and one of these four countries we are looking into what type of capabilities the manufacturer or the maker have and what is the capacities of this like this manufacturer manufacturer and we are focusing more on the like manufacturing process. So, for example, we are searching for where is the nearest 3d printers to the to this needs because of the 3d printers we can we can make for example a face shield, or whereas the nearest injection model to our needs because also with the injection model we are, we can make some face shields. So, by this, by using the open nowhere standards, we are trying to collect data and to understand the local capabilities and the capacities of the of the existing manufacturer and the existing like capacities. So, this is one of the, one of the, our response to the challenges of like importing the, sorry, the items. The other challenges like the complicated procurement procurement mechanisms, you know, it's hard for the small organizations or two individuals to participate in attenders which is large organ which mainly like dominated by the large organizations, and you know all this time of like the time that needed to consume all the for both parties. So, all this can also get delayed, the, the, the, like, from like delivering the items, and the people is items to the people who needed the most. So, we are trying to, to, we are having like our own platform, where both the supply and the demand can be matched in this platform. So for example, each organization gets just gets into this platform and put their needs. I need, for example, I need 10,000 face shields in some, in some area. So what we are doing here we are looking into which where is the nearest manufacturer who can supply this needs who can fulfill this needs. So we are matching this based on our like a needs list platform. So one of the outcomes and one of the outputs that we are like targeting and that we are already working on. It's like we are targeting to supply more than 10, like 100,000 of people who will need the PPEs. We are targeting these people to supply them with the PPEs. And we are, we already like delivered more than 50,000 of these items for like more than 1090,000 beneficiaries. And like, at the same time, you are doing like the supply chain, we are like supporting the local manufacturer, the local makers to, to, to like manufacture these those items, and obviously the transmission will be reduced within the frontline workers. One of the outputs that we are working on is like the maps, both of the needs and manufacturing capabilities in both and these four countries to like we are aiming to map more than 8,800,000 data points across those four countries. These data points, it's all depends on the open nowhere standards. It's from the data of the open nowhere standards like the, the, the name of the manufacturer, where is the location of this manufacturer, where is the location of the machines on what type of machines what the manufacturer process, what type of materials they are using because the all these information on needed to know in our program. And also one of one of our outputs, it's to have an online platform with like APIs into with integrations to both meatless and the hot, which is the old humanitarian open street map. So, in this regard, we are like having items provided faster, cheaper, and better. Thank you so much for your listening. That's, that's so perfect it illustrates both questions of like mapping and business models and also what you do once you have this data and how you can build upon that. So thank you so much for joining us I know it's also very late for you so thank you. The last person to speak to you will be in your who will who participated in designing the open know how standard and can tell you a little bit more about the application and implications of having a documentation standard. Yes, I wasn't able to start my mic. Alright. Hello, all I'm Emilio bellies and the executive director of the media foundation, and I'd like to share a little bit about our work using the open know how standard, but to get started with the idea. The first thing that our production lines is by, like, in the most basic sense, creating open infrastructures, and then enabling people in all parts of the world to participate in production. And I'd like to focus on two words. The first one is infrastructures, and that can mean things like standards. Doing things the same way, using the same methods of sharing in the same platforms or opening new platforms in ways that we can communicate and pass information that is valid for production which entails designing products, and transmitting them passing them the data from one place to another from platform to another platform, and then in the end being able to reproduce physical device. And for us. That means that there are different ways of reproducing. So we're going to start to share three ways on which I believe it's important to think about reproducibility. The first one is about objects, which is, you know, we have all this information that can help us have the same exact device in one place, and then put it in different ways, and just doing it by sharing bits, which are going to be turned into atoms. Then the second one is about the processes, how we perform this. And that means that we have to have a controlled environment to teach people the skills in order to build something. And then the third one is about the outcomes, which is something that for us on apropedia because of our mission that's a subject that really interests us. What are we building things for and why are they going to be used for and and having a sense of these three levels. I have to say that they're all important. Physical item in the way that we wanted to build to be built and the way that designers wanted it to be built, then that manufacturing is done correctly and things work that people have the capacity to reproduce something having the tools having the know how and then finally, that whatever is built is going to help the person solve a problem specific problem, and that it is similar to what the designer or the creator wanted it to be like. So with this in mind, since 2005 apropedia has gathered hundreds and hundreds of different designs for the real worth and documented projects that are some of them come from ideas to deployed devices that are working to solve sustainability problems for international development ones. And we want to address three main questions the first one is which of all the different designs or devices that are very similar and or fulfill different functions should build. So how do I do that, and then will it solve my problem and and then we want to get people enough information first we want to help people gather this information when they documented, and then we want to help users solve a problem specifically. So in regards to open know how apropedia has implemented for over 1500 projects, the standard, and now we're able to export and port to different platforms or colors on the web. All of our project pages have this standard implemented which which shares specific information about the license about the uses of description, etc. And then at the end, we have some of these as part of the open know how search tool that has been documented as a first proof of concept for the standard. But inside of apropedia we've also developed like a very powerful search engine, and you can create different types of search searches depending on, for example, what part of the world has this being implemented in what materials lesson use. What how much does it cost, etc. And we've done a big focus on the sustainable development goals. So for example here we're looking for projects that are trying to tackle the sustainable development goal number two that have been treated printed etc so. And with this, we're trying to build processes and actions so that people can document different types of things from showcases on how to perform a procedure how to do something to simulators to devices and to learning modules. All of this using the open know how standard in ways that are discoverable for people. And then finally, as a conclusion. We want to talk a little bit about what we expect to attain. And we have three things. First of all, support process of documentation helping people document in the right way but also, eternally, in a way that is simple enough, but then can build up. And really help users embrace the multiplicity of real world solutions because in the real world, there are many different ways to solve a problem, and we want to help people compare different projects. Think about what is, you know, what makes something similar to others, explore those ideas, and then, and then pass on all of this information to different actors organizations platforms that are helping build the Internet of production. So, we want to work in collaboration with different people who are interested in creating impacting the world. Thank you so much. We are very, very much over time, because we're all really passionate people. So I will close our conversation now and open the discussion to the Q&A with the few minutes that are left. And I just want to put a last message out there we're recruiting both staff, but also we're growing the alliance so if anything reaches you at www.internetofproduction.org. The floor is all yours. Thank you to my three wonderful co-panelists.