 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls Rumi College, University of Allahabad. And today I'm going to discuss a topic which is in continuation with my previous video which is on difference between multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary education. Today I'm going to discuss in difference between interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary education. So I have given this topic, the heading as transdisciplinarity and its comparison with interdisciplinary approach. Okay? The lecture will be in bilingual mode as usual and will be very useful for your basic conceptual understanding about these such relevant and highly used and confusing terms. Okay? Do subscribe my channel too for getting my previous as well as future videos. So let's start. First of all, we are talking about discipline. Last time we talked about multidisciplinary approach in NEP. And often we consider multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary as one and use them in different places which shouldn't be used and which are wrong. And we know that when I give the description of this topic, I will give the link of the previous video. So those who haven't heard it, you can listen to it. So multidiscipline is saying that we have only brought some discipline to one place. It is not connected anywhere. It is not integrated anywhere. You can say that the basic level of one, we have taken the help of the other discipline. But in interdisciplinary, we had told that we integrate. New knowledge is generated. That means that the interdisciplinary in hierarchy is above multidisciplinary. But then the thing is, what is transdisciplinary? So for that, we know that what does transdisciplinary mean? So we will understand that transdisciplinary education, transdisciplinary approach or transdisciplinary learning is of no use. So first of all, transdisciplinary teaching moves beyond just teaching across disciplines using common themes, topics or issues that thread through different courses. This is what we did in interdisciplinary that we go across disciplines which are common themes, common topics, common issues that you can see from the angle of other disciplines. We try to create some new generation which happens in interdisciplinary. But here one step ahead, moves beyond. And transdisciplinary requires innovation, cooperation and intentionality. Means, we will not follow a transdisciplinary approach just like this. We will have to do it intentionally. We will have to work hard for it. We will do it deliberately. And we need cooperation. Cooperation is connected to those who are connected to the disciplines. And innovation will be something new. Something new will come out. And transdisciplinary learning is the explanation of a relevant concept, issue or problem that integrates. It can be a concept, it can be a topic, it can be a problem that integrates. Perspectives of multiple disciplines. We have taken a lot of instructions. And what are we doing based on them? In order to connect new knowledge and deeper understanding. This is still going on in interdisciplinary. That new knowledge is being created. And in deeper understanding, we can understand something. But what is written ahead, to real life experiences. This was not in interdisciplinary. In interdisciplinary, we were not talking about real life experiences. So this is an addition. This is an add-on to transdisciplinary. It is important to note that the major purpose of transdisciplinary learning is to understand the world around us. To understand the world around us, we are using transdisciplinary. That learning should be contextualized. You can use this name as it is in English. This is easy to say. Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, intra-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary, trans-disciplinary. By the way, it is a little bit tough to understand the world around us. I mean, you can write it in heading English. So, the major purpose of transdisciplinary learning is to understand the world around us. And that learning should be contextualized. When it is contextualized, when we go around with sandarbha, then real life experience will come. And apply to real life far beyond from traditional notion of school. That is, the old thinking that was going on is very different from that. And it is because we are able to apply learning in real life circumstances. Which is not a traditional notion. It was just a bookish work. So, it is one step ahead from interdisciplinary. What is the benefit? Is it connected with innovation? Is it connected with real life experiences? Is it connected with contextualization? Which was not in interdisciplinary. It is a very long slide. You will get very clear. Let's go into history. Let's talk about trans-disciplinary now. Is it a very new concept? No. Let's go into history. In 1840, the history of the trans-disciplinary model goes back to the 1840. To the term conciliance. Which refers to the jumping together of knowledge. In 1840, we get the concept of conciliance of disciplines. By aligning facts across disciplines to develop a common explanation, we are the author anticipated the demand for a more rigorous learning process by interweaving knowledge of humanity and natural science. This is the concept of jumping together of knowledge. This is the concept of jumping together of knowledge. This is the concept of jumping together of knowledge. But when do we get the definition of trans-disciplinary language or its mining or its issues? The word trans-disciplinarity appears to have been introduced in 1970. We get it in 1970. When? At a seminar. At an inter-disciplinarity. Where? In universities. Inter-disciplinarity in universities. This was the topic of the seminar. Hell at the University of Nice and jointly sponsored by the organization Economic Cooperation Development and the French Ministry of Education. You don't have to keep this. But to get an idea, there was a seminar on inter-disciplinarity where it came out. It was in 1970. Who is connected to it? The Eminent Swiss Psychologist, J.A.P.A.J. If we don't study trans-disciplinarity then we might never know that P.A.J. is connected to trans-disciplinarity. What is P.A.J. in? Cognitive Development. We know a little about moral development and language development. We don't know much about it. That's why the more we read it, the more we know. The more we know the less we know. So the Eminent Swiss Psychologist, J.A.P.A.J. is generally credited with coining the term. So this term is generally credited with P.A.J. in which he wrote Conclusion of P.A.J. is 1972 essay. On various kinds of interaction between the disciplines. In which he is saying that we can connect a lot of people with trans-disciplinarity. What is he saying? Higher state succeeding inter-disciplinary relationships. Inter-disciplinary relationships within disciplines of trans-disciplinarity. Which would not only cover interactions of reciprocities which are not only connected with the inter-disciplinarity, specialized research projects. But would place these relationships within a total system without any firm boundaries between disciplines. That means in trans-disciplinarity our boundary ends. We don't know from where we started or where it ended. In the same event, P.A.J.'s insight was elaborated by two more scientists, Eric Jans and Andrew Licknero Wicks. They must be working on some other findings so these people joined them. In which Jans says that trans-disciplinarity is the most complex and abstract synthesis of disciplines. If we talk about synthesis of disciplines then first of all singular discipline mono-discipline, then multi-discipline then you say inter-discipline and after that you say trans-discipline. So they are saying that this is the highest level abstract synthesis. Who is surpassing it? Who is higher than it? Multi-disciplinarity, pluridisciplinarity cross-disciplinarity and inter-disciplinarity. There are so many different words and when we don't know we feel that there is only one thing whether it is plural or multi-cross. Everything is more or less the same. Every time there is a new thing then a new name is being given. Okay? Yet, the notion of trans-disciplinarity introduced at the beginning of the 1970s remain undeveloped and almost unnoticed until the early 1990s. After naming it in 1970 despite that it was unnoticed until the year 1990. So knowing what happened in 1990 which was noticed on it means it was worked on it in the early 1990s. What happens? Disaster, global environmental crisis when it comes to sustainability then only you can't stop pollution from one discipline. In that your biology, chemistry your science, philosophy sociology many disciplines need to be educated because there are such problems that the world did not face before. So themes of sustainability and global environmental crisis for watch words these words in moving the hair to full little used concept of trans-disciplinarity to the foreground of debates about science and planning. Then it was needed why not many politicians and many subjects to merge to solve this problem sorry then what was happening? The earth summit in the U.D. genera there was an emerging turning point this was proved as a turning point when it was discussed on trans-disciplinarity and then it was won. Of awareness about the need for action in academic and scientific communities it was discussed that we can't remove all this from a single discipline then in 1994 there was the first word congress in trans-disciplinarity arabia so this way trans-disciplinarity is coming out again in 1994 then how are we defining coclements scientific work done by a group of scientists many scientists science will be studied by scientists because of art all of them are called scientists in general they are a scientific work with the intention of knowing what we want to do systematically pursuing the problem of how the negative side effects of specialization because there is a negative side effect of specialization because we don't look at other disciplines but the tradition is coming that's why we want to dilute it NEP is saying that it should be multidisciplinary it should be specialized not to the extent that you don't have any other knowledge then how to solve the problem of negative side effects of specialization so as to make education and research more socially relevant when it comes to social relevance when it comes to contextualization when it comes to real life problem solution then it comes to trans-disciplinarity this is not the thing about inter-disciplinarity ok let's start the comparison how is it different from trans-disciplinarity different from trans-disciplinarity trans-disciplinarity and inter-disciplinarity approaches to teaching and learning offer occasions to consider the same issue from different disciplinary perspectives it is understood that we want to see one issue from many disciplinary perspectives but how is it different trans-disciplinarity provides opportunities to transcend transcend means go beyond we are going beyond that individual disciplines in order to collaborate to construct knowledge to create solutions to global issues when it comes to collaborate to construct knowledge then it becomes inter-disciplinarity but when we created solutions to global issues then it becomes trans-disciplinarity ok one step ahead inter-disciplinarity means across disciplines generally we are using a common theme a single disciplinary approach has limitations particularly as it is considered with the norms of that of a particular discipline showing others discipline's contribution to the issue or potential solution the single disciplinary approach makes the other discipline's contribution difficult what happens in inter-disciplinarity is that students can look at the same issue or topic from the perspective of different individual discipline meaning we will go beyond that we are not looking at the other discipline we are looking at the other discipline but trans-disciplinarity is looking at the other discipline ok then trans-disciplinarity teaching moves beyond just teaching across disciplines sorry trans-disciplinarity requires innovation cooperation and intentionality then trans-disciplinarity learning is the explanation of a relevant concept issue or problem that integrates the perspectives of multiple discipline in order to connect new knowledge and deeper understanding to real life experiences repeatedly saying that if it is here in order to connect new knowledge and deeper understanding then it is repeated no problem so it is inter-disciplinarity but as soon as real life experiences are connected, it becomes trans-disciplinarity then trans-disciplinarity is distinct from multi-disciplinarity and inter-disciplinarity because of its goal it is different in multi-disciplinarity where the discipline is remaining there are many disciplines there is no overlapping but what is inter-disciplinarity there is conjoining of the disciplines we have connected the discipline so that we can make a shared understanding and what is trans-disciplinarity disciplinary distinctions are not evident i.e. you don't know where the discipline will start and where it will end we have finished its borders no one will know and multi-disciplinarity approach is considered independent and works on different facets of the topic there is no boundary of each discipline we are in each discipline no one has crossed the boundary in inter-disciplinarity we have crossed the boundary and in trans-disciplinarity we have become contextual inter-disciplinarity is considered as the cooperation of scientific disciplines while trans-disciplinarity is the inter-relationship of science and society society is inter-disciplinarity in itself we have given it to stakeholders and non-academic things and interactive trans-disciplinarity education system demands an active and purposeful interaction of students, teachers and stakeholders after that try to understand it it will be better this is your inter-disciplinarity inter-disciplinarity so it is going on within a single academic multi-disciplinarity we have brought a lot of disciplines but each discipline is at its own cross-disciplinarity a single academic field used as a lens to understand other academic fields we have seen it from one person inter-disciplinarity we have overlapped shared understanding collaboration new knowledge created but in trans-disciplinarity we have crossed the boundary beyond and transcend we have given it to stakeholders to society and non-academic we have also taken it now you will get to know from this if we look at the dimensions multi-disciplinarity, inter-disciplinarity and trans-disciplinarity if we look at the degree of overlap how much overlap is there multi-disciplinarity is not at all inter-disciplinarity is moderate and trans-disciplinarity is maximum if we look at the condition of each discipline boundary for integration so there is minimum openness in multi-disciplinarity sorry in inter-disciplinarity inter-disciplinarity has moderate flexibility and in trans-disciplinarity methodologically and theoretically we are open for merge then your dimension is aim and outcome of education and learning process so what is our goal and outcome so what will come out in multi-disciplinarity within the boundary of a single discipline but in inter-disciplinarity integrated objective and collaboration and what will happen in trans-disciplinarity the solutions of real life problems okay in multi-disciplinarity inter-disciplinarity will be connected and in trans-disciplinarity society will also be connected this is what is going on then the degree of involvement of stakeholder so in multi-disciplinarity it is not necessary not required in inter-disciplinarity it is not necessary or minimum but in trans-disciplinarity it is a valid requirement vital requirement next let's talk about expected innovative outcome that in multi-disciplinarity it is not necessary but in trans-disciplinarity it is maximum if we talk about the potential to contribute to the sustainable development dimensions with further complexity so in multi-disciplinarity it is the basic level in inter-disciplinarity business and organizational level will be innovative in methodological orientation in multi-disciplinarity in mono-method because we did no interaction with other disciplines we did not cross the boundary inter-disciplinarity will be mixed and trans-disciplinarity will be mixed that's what mixed means conclusion what will be the outcome of this discussion although trans-disciplinarity only emerged in the last few decades if you listen to 1904 it has been many years since literature it has quickly gained attention it has got some weight there is a new approach to research and education the approach recognizes the multi-faceted nature of real world problems it is said that there were no problems in the world before when the problems were multi-faceted we had to think about multi-disciplinarity, inter-disciplinarity and trans-disciplinarity a single discipline cannot be solved it has no capacity which requires more than one perspective it also calls for the participation of different actors to provide a well-rounded understanding of the problem many people will get a lot of information then the problems will be solved and what sets trans-disciplinarity apart from other approaches how do we separate it from other approaches and what assures its role in 21st century education and why do we say that 21st century education is a demand it is kept in soft and it is focused on sorry the inherent complexity of reality it is said that the reality has become so complex that it is seen when one examines a problem or phenomena from multiple angles and dimensions with a view toward what is our goal discovering hidden connections between different disciplines that is what is said by the mother of all sciences it is not that every discipline is distinct or cut but when we talk about specialization we get cut the hidden connections where the hidden connections are hidden we have to explore and solve complex problems sorry if you speak too much sorry for that but I hope that it is so confusing and generally we get rid of it inter-disciplinarity, multi-disciplinarity, cross-disciplinarity inter-inter-disciplinarity it is the same but it is different people have worked on it they have different names because they have different characteristics so being belong to the academic fraternity if we want to keep ourselves in the category of being educated people then we have to understand the distinction between confusing terms that is happening in daily life ok, thank you don't forget to like and subscribe my channel explore education, enjoy my telegram group 2 so that you can conversate with me with there I am the only one speaking here you can speak there ok, so then from my side