 Okay, thank you. Good morning everyone. I hope all of you still excited despite of the gloomy weather outside because for me it was very difficult to wake up and then the train came so late and then I have to deal with traffic jam. So it's like three hours from home to come to the office. So I heard you have learned a lot from Indonesia about RDD+. And I hope you also learn to avoid the mistake that Indonesia done in order that RDD was to be successful in your country. My name is Efren Muharrom. I'm working on the project of GCS Red Plus Module 1 about national policy processes. And this is one of our product from the contact of Red Plus in Indonesia. This is the outline of my presentation. I hope it's 50-15 minute limit. So GCS Red I guess it's already been explained before so we just skip that. So this is the country of the module 1. The red dots represent the countries where we implement all the method of module 1. While the gray only part of the method been implemented there. And these are the method that we use. The first we have the country for while, the country for providing the contextual condition of the country to know the forestry and also how it relate to Red Plus development. And then we have discourse media analysis. We would like to know how the perception of Red Plus and also forestry been shaped in media policy because as you know media is influencing and also influenced by the policy. So we are trying to capture the discourse of Red Plus in media. And then we have policy network analysis which based from country profile and media analysis. Policy network analysis is trying to map the relation between actors related to Red Plus. So we know who's communicating with whom, who's discussing, who's disagreeing and in what context. This will be presented later by my colleagues. And we have Red Plus policy content analysis. This is mainly to the strategic document related to Red Plus in the country. This is also, this will be supported by the result of all of this method. Aiming to the larger national Red Plus strategy. Like maybe you've heard, you visited Red Plus agency in Jakarta. So you've heard about national strategy of Red Plus in Indonesia. This is what we are analyzing there. And after that we are comparing between each countries. This is Red Plus in project countries. They have different phases. Well the main differentiation we call it like honeymoon phase and then the reality phase. Like in Cameroon everything is still fine, but in Indonesia and maybe in Brazil. It's not so simple anymore. It's not like giving money for the developing countries to concert the forest. But it's much more than that. As been said before, a lot of interest, a lot of people, internal interest and also external interest. This is much more complex than before. Well Red Plus in Indonesia. I'm sure that you already heard a lot about Red Plus from the Red Plus agency. So I'm going to describe the story that covering all of it. So the forestry in Indonesia. This is quite unique definition of forestry based on act of forestry in Indonesia. So we have the definition of forest. It's like a standing tree in all of the ecosystem. But we also have forest area. This is areas that is designated by the minister of forestry to be kept as a permanent forest. So sometimes there are forests in it, but sometimes there's nothing, but still forest area. So actually this is the one that becoming a debate if there's a different number of forest cover by the statistic of Indonesian forestry and also by the FAO and also by other studies. So the forestry act basically regulates the forest area, not only the forest. And based on this act, based on the function, the forest area divided into production forest, protection forest and conservation forest. This is very common in Indonesia where act and regulation change a lot. So this is the very first time, basic provision of forestry where the definition of forest much more related to field and everything inside it. Like trees, bamboos, everything related to biodiversity is forest. But then it's being revised by this act that we still use now. But some of its item being revised over and over again. This is the Indonesian forest area. So forest area, not forest cover. So not real standing forest, but sometimes there are bare land but designated as forest area. So most of designated forest is for protection forest and also for production forest. And 44 million hectare of this already been consenctioned in natural forest, plantation forest, oil, palm and mining. And this consenction not only in production forest but also can happen in protection forest. This is what actually one of the drivers of the forestation in Indonesia. So this is the forest area for each forest function. And then this is the real forest cover. And then this is the non forest. Forestless emission, this is the latest data coming from the Replus agency. So this is coming from the forest reference emission level that been submitted last year. So from 2000 to 2012 this is the amount of deforestation every year. Also the emission. And this is the forest degradation rate every year since 2000 to 2012 with emission. The driver of deforestation, we have like plant deforestation in Indonesia like conversion of forest to other non use. As we seen before that there are places that can, there are forest that can be convertible. But sometimes not only this forest but also other production of sometimes protection forest being converted. The unplanned consisting in lego logging, forest fires, shifting cultivation. And the underlying causes political economy, trade policies and population growth. But mostly it's political economy. We try to growth because the previous president having target like quite huge growth rate for Indonesian economics. This is some international agreement that related to Replus development in Indonesia. So since 1992 actually Indonesia already established this act number six in 1994 about accommodating the climate change to Indonesian act. And then in COP 13 before the Bali itself since like about seven months before Indonesia already established IFCA roadmap. So we are trying to bring Replus to Indonesia. That's why if you ask to government there's government for Indonesian, Replus Indonesian version. Because we feel that IFCA has made its, has achieved its objective to bring Replus to Indonesia. And the famous letter of intent between Norway and Indonesia coming after COP 15. The statement from the president SBY about the commitment to reduce emission 26% to 41% by 2020 from the business as usual. But this is also becoming a full commitment because business as usual but from which year. So every ministries if they ask which space here that you use for to measure the business as usual they have different standard. Before maybe this is not being discovered about this differences but now it's becoming more appear and this is causing complexity in Replus development in Indonesia. COP 15 many bilateral agreement between Indonesia, Australia, Indonesia, Canada, etc. Indonesia also ratified the size in CBD, flake tea and the government in forest area of Indonesia. So despite of the very large coverage of forest area in Indonesia still we have a very weak government's capacity to supervise all of the natural resources. Even there are saying the cost to monitor to control all of the natural resources is much more expensive than the benefit that can be extracted from the natural resources itself. And low participation in decision making. All decision sometimes coming from Jakarta, coming from the central. This has been a cure since long ago from the centralized regime so people in local level they just receive this decision. But now it's improving a lot of scheme that been created to accommodate the participation of local community. So we are having a very up and down governance decentralization and back and forth. So in 1998 after the reformation of Indonesia there's this government regulation about partial autonomy. So some of the forest area like national parks still managed by the Ministry of Forestry but some other forest area can be managed by the local government. The one that also influence the forestry in Indonesia is estate crop and mining. So to have a license in estate crop and mining you have to have a recommendation from the local government. So much stronger than the central government so when they decentralize the local government trying to increase the capital for improving their own provinces, their own district. So they gave a lot of licenses to companies for estate crop and mining. This is also one of the faster driver of the forestation. And benefit sharing about REDD in Indonesia. This is the only regulation that managed it but it has been challenged by the other ministry. This is coming from Ministry of Forestry but it's challenged by Ministry of Finance because they established this regulation without consulting with Ministry of Finance. While everything related to benefit sharing need to be consulted with Ministry of Finance. But this regulation hasn't been refolked. It's challenged. It's in the process of revising but it's never been refolked. So it's still there. If somebody is still using this then it's not illegal. It's still legal. But the progress of the improvement of this regulation hasn't been cleared yet. It's already been five years. It's going to be six. But then now we have an act on local government. So the local government cannot establish any more licenses related to mining also estate crops. That's why now there's a commission named Corruption Eradication Commission. They have a lot of cases coming from this. And the implementation of this act has been smooth because the local government used to have this power to give licenses but now they don't have any more power. Some rejection happened and that's why there's still some conflict between the district government and provincial and also central government on this. And then the last one is act on village. So this is quite something because each village in Indonesia will be given 140,000 US dollars every year to manage their village. So as just for description that maximum population in one village in Indonesia is 25,000 people. What being worried is they're not used to managing that huge amount of money. So this could be a problem too for Red Plus implementation because they have to conserve the forest. Community rights and tenure. There's a different recognition of the adult community in Indonesia based on the forestry act and also basic agrarian act. Actually they're much more accommodated in this act but this act has not been implemented very well. So everything usually based on this acts on forestry. But now the CSO is very active, very lively, active in Indonesia. That's why in 2013 they challenged the state on this act on forestry. So usually the forest area government just point that area and it's becoming forest area. But now due to this constitutional court decision, the pointing phrase has been delayed. So if you want to establish the forest area you have to do the boundary management mapping and then gazettement. So not only pointing. Because now from its independence until 2011 it's only from the whole forest area that been designated. Only 12% that had been mapped and also gazetted. But now it's having improved because of the policy after. And there's also constitutional court decision number 35 about adult community. So before the adult forest is part of state forest but now not anymore. Then there's also rights recognition and verification scheme because before even though the adult community they claim that they have this piece of land but they cannot be accommodated because they don't have any certificate. But now they can claim with verbal verification by the other community. And this is like a catalyst. This policy is like a catalyst, Corruption Eradication Commission and 12 Ministers MOU of joint action on acceleration of forest area government. Now the most feared institution in Indonesia is the Corruption Eradication Commission. That's why everything that been pushed by this institution tend to move smoothly. They're trying to rearrange the forest area gazettement in Indonesia. And because of this MOU only in like one year now about 50% of the forest area has been gazetted. And they have a target to be gazetted all of it next year 100%. The forestry conflicts quite many. So this is the history of Indonesian forestry. Firstly, we are the largest law exporter in 90s and also the largest plywood exporter in 90s. Always in the past. But now we are more focusing on industrial timber forestry. The current political. The GDP from forestry in Indonesia is very low. Only 0.67% in 2012 because the one that been calculated is only timber based production. So ecosystem services, even carbon also has not been included to this. And emergent policy, this takes break for investment in Indonesia mining food and energy estate. So Indonesia have a very ambitious plan to have this food and energy estate in Papua and also some large infrastructure projects. Forestry settlement process in Indonesia. Just an overview from this so many cases happened in Indonesia. Maybe only like 10% of it has been predicted. So the law enforcement is still quite weak. In Indonesia red plus is not always been like in honeymoon phase. There's always pros and cons. Even the other community says there's no right, no red. And also the friends of the earth say they're not very keen to red plus. And lack of information in community about red plus itself. Even in some area they still think that carbon trade is cargo trade. They asked about where, yeah, in Papua they asked about which port that will be built to load this cargo, the carbon. So they're still thinking it's a good, not like a very extra carbon gas. This is what happened in Indonesia since 2007 to 2013. Don't worry if you cannot see this, you can have the presentation. For now you just have to believe me. So many regulation that has been established in Indonesia since 2007, even until 2014. Since January until December. A lot of up and down there's dynamics policy in Indonesia. Remembering also this new regime of government. Our president now has having a background of businessmen. So he want everything move fast and if possible we can see the results tomorrow. So red plus is not that kind of stuff. We do things now, we can see the result later on. So seeing the red plus in Indonesia we are still curious how it will be accommodated in the whole government system. Like there's a merge of minister of environment and minister of forestry. I guess you already know this. The red plus agency, they will be merged to this ministry. So there's an assumption that red plus will be... There's two options, like red plus will be dominating the ministry or red plus will be coming only a small part of the climate change system. So this is challenges and opportunity of red plus in Indonesia. Basically the policies that have been explained before. Publications, this is our advertisement. So we have a lot of publications. Results of study from M1 project countries in South Asia, in South America and also in Africa. Thank you, is that 50 minutes or more? Okay, sorry. So any questions? Thank you, Efrian. We may proceed to the next presentation. So please if you have burning questions you may keep until the next presentation because these two studies that right now we are going to presenting to you is under the Model 1. So I welcome Moira Muliono. Dr. Moira Muliono is senior associate at SIFOR, I'm sorry. So she will give a presentation about policy network in Indonesia. It's about power between red stakeholder at the national level. Thank you.