 The next speaker is Peter Handley. Peter is head of energy intensive industries, raw materials, and since recently also hydrogen in the Direction Général for internal market and industry. So he is basically Mr. Raw Material of the European Union. And what Philipp is in the academic world, he is in the world of the EU and the institutions of the EU. So we are very happy to have you. You had important positions before. You were head of policy coordination in the Energy Union. You did a lot of work also in the British government. And you are one of the few Brits that I know who speaks French, who has been studying at ENA in France. And I'm sure you're looking with great excitement to tonight's evening football match between France and Britain. But before you have to have a duty and tell us in 10 minutes what is the EU's policy concerning these problems that have just been described. Please, Peter. Thank you. Thank you very much. And may I first say how much I appreciate being invited back and also the wonderful, very challenging introduction from Professor Schellman. I think it's best to start for a good panel debate. Since I was here a year ago, everything has changed. Notably, Russia's invasion of Ukraine has created a whole new global paradigm which has had its impacts on supply chains. And it's also been one of the drivers for action by a number of countries and regions around the world. We amongst them. But look at what's been happening. The Americans have been rolling out their Inflation Reduction Act, their Infrastructure Act, and their Defence Procurement and Stoppiling. Japanese have been updating their Economic Security Act and reinforcing the powers of Jogmec. Canadians have just rolled out a draft critical mineral strategy and just a few weeks ago decided to eject Chinese investors from three critical oil projects inside Canada. And on the international front, my team and I have been participating in the new initiatives set up by the International Energy Agency and its Critical Minerals Working Party. We're taking an active part in the Minerals Security Partnership established by the U.S. State Department and also in the new Paris Peace Forum called for action on global governance for critical minerals. Turning to our own plans in the European Union. Shortly after Russia's invasion, the European Council had a reflection at Versailles and the declaration came out saying that the European Union had... We don't hear you right now. There is a problem. Peter, we can't hear you. Perhaps you have to get restarted. And since you are not available right now, I would think we should come here back to the panel. Peter, excuse me for this, but we have to make use of that time. And I would like to introduce... You're coming back, I'm sure. And Technic will make that possible. But I would come back to the panel here. And I use this to get back to Peter. We interrupted you or you were interrupted by the Internet. And of course we don't want to ask you new questions. You should first of all finish your remarks. But perhaps you can also take in what Ingwil just said and I saw you listening. Norway is not member of the EU. Is it nevertheless considered a European country which could be under the support and the legislative approaches of the European Union as it definitely helps us to get less dependent on Chinese and Russian resources as we just heard? Please Peter, happy that you are back. And apologies for the loss of Internet connection. Just to answer that question, indeed, Norway is a very close and trusted partner of the European Union. It's a member of the European Economic Area. And I'm not sure whether I reached the point in my opening remark to say that we're currently finalising our negotiations on a strategic partnership with Norway, covering critical raw materials and the batteries value chain. And on top of that, of course, we're working very closely with Norway on supply of gas. And I see this continuing. We're about to also conclude a EU-Norway Green Alliance covering a much broader range of planets and energy. But going back to where I think I lost my connection, the key thing is that the European Union has woken up to the imminent danger it faces of not being able to achieve its energy and climate goals, as well as its defence and aerospace and digital goals. Unless it really gets to grips with eliminating its strategic dependencies on far too few foreign suppliers or many of these critical minerals at different stages in the bad things. So as previous speakers have said, it's sometimes a challenge at the mining level, but much more often it's a challenge at the processing and refining stage. And we've actually got a mandate from the European Council to take much more ambitious action to cure our supply and to clean up the whole value chain. And so in September, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced that we're going to prepare a European Critical Raw Materials Act and that's the reason I'm not with you in Abu Dhabi today because every day counts, we're due to produce this legislation in March next year, so it gets through while we still have this European Parliament and this European Commission. And the purpose is to really identify what we're going to be concerned about. In fact, we're going to be going beyond Critical Raw Materials and talking about those which are particularly strategic for the technologies that we've decided we need to develop fast. We're going to be looking at how we can encourage member states to do much more systematic exploration. We're going to look at how we can develop sustainable mining. We're going to look at how we can reinforce the refining and metallurgical stages of the value chain. And we're going to be linking up the recycling phase with the refining stage. And we're also going to be looking at how we can recover Critical Raw Materials from mining waste. And we're going to look at the investment tools we need deployed to make this happen. We're going to look at how we can streamline permitting without making any weakening of environmental and social protections. And we're going to be looking at standard setting and trying to push the circularity and recycling targets as much as we can. And that's just on the domestic side because, as the President says, a lot of this is about building our own capacities to reduce our strategic dependencies. But we're also going to seek to diversify our external supply. We're already doing this. Last year we negotiated agreements with Canada which has already generated a large number of major investments. We also last year negotiated with Ukraine and we're going to use this partnership as one of the building blocks for reconstruction of the country once Russia's brutal invasion is over. And this year at COP 27 President Bondalan signed agreements on critical raw materials with both Kazakhstan and Namibia. So apart from the one with Norway which is currently about to be finalized we've just started talks with Greenland and there will be news about other strategic partnerships in the course of next year. And that's an addiction to our work jointly with partners in the Mineral Security Partnership. Thank you very much. Well, thank you Peter. That sounds very encouraging and the picture I get here from all what you say is the consciousness now is there. Action will be taken. Strong actions from the European Union.