 Corey, this is a piece that you wrote in 2020. Inflation adjusted K through 12 education spending per student has increased by 280% since 1960. You know, so on average, the US spends over $15 grand a year per student. Where has that money gone? Because that, you know, and this is inflation adjusted, so it's not simply because everything is more expensive than in 1960. What are the main components of per pupil spending? Yeah, look, and that is from June of 2020. So the spending is a lot higher now, even than it was in 2020 because of all the so-called COVID relief. I think we've pumped $190 billion in so-called COVID relief into the K through 12 school system since March of 2020, which is over $3,000 or $4,000 per student. So we spend a lot more now than we did then. And even then, if you just look between 1970 and 2019 with the latest federal data that we have nationwide, per student, we've increased per student education expenditures by 152% over that period. And teacher salaries since 1970 have increased only by about 8%. So it's not going towards the teachers in the classroom. It's going more towards staffing surges and administrative blow. If you look at a report by Ben Scaffidy back to the staffing surge, he looks at different periods of time finding that the number of support staff in particular raises exponentially in different locations where student enrollment and teachers in the buildings is pretty stagnant. And I think that's because the current school system is a one-size-fits-all monopoly that has no incentive to spend additional dollars wisely. So they put it towards more people because more employees means more dues-paying members for the teachers' unions, which means more money for people like Randy Weingarten who make over $500,000 a year. So even, but it's not even going to teachers. It's going to staff who then end up joining unions. That's right. And if you look between, there's been an image that goes around on Twitter pretty often that I was the first one to create it. I didn't put my name on it. I probably should have. But it's a graph between 2000 and 2019 using federal data sources finding that the number of students in the system increased by about 7%. The number of teachers in the system similar about 7% or 8%. But then the number of administrative staff increased by about 80%. So looking at different periods, we find the same. What are those people doing? What are the support staff? What are the non-instructional staff doing? Well, a whole host of different things. So in Los Angeles, for example, since 2019, they had a plan of what to do with the additional 69% of spending that was going into Los Angeles public schools. And the latest report that I saw showed an increase of counselors by about 80%. And an increase in teaching staff by a much lower number while student enrollment over the same period was projected to decrease by about 6%. So in what other industry do you lose your customers? Lose 6% of your customers and then start hiring more and more people with Los Angeles public schools now spending in the latest budget, I believe over $25,000 per student. So they're just a whole host of different, they're trying to make the schools and they can lay out arguments as to why it might be a good idea to have more counselors because while we closed the schools and we hurt the kids mentally, so now we gotta fix the problems that we created by hiring more counselors. And so they just, yeah, they'll throw everything at the wall, see what sticks and hire as many people as they can in any position. Yeah, go ahead, Connor. I was just gonna add briefly and tie us back to your slide with the SAT scores. What's especially compelling about the data that Corey is describing is that if you look at the test scores across the same period of time, whatever chunks of time you wanna look at, the test scores are flat. Now Corey and I, we don't believe that standardized testing is the sum of bonum of educational attainment, but it is an effective way to try and at least assess lightly what the performance looks like. And test scores have not gone up. So the increases in investment and the administrative class of these schools may have its perks, may have its stated purposes, but it's not trickling down to improving the education of the students. And that I think is what's most compelling about the problem is that we're chasing, putting bad money into a system that isn't ultimately serving the ideal customer for which it purportedly exists. So we say in the book ultimately that why do schools exist now? It's not to educate students. It's a jobs program for adults and the unions defending that is ultimately its core value proposition at this point. And these are just SAT scores for college-bound seniors in 1963, 68, 73, and 78. So kind of the years before that and you see declines consistently through that more recently because I wanna get to, that's 40 years ago. We're essentially looking at 80 years of kind of collapse. Corey, can you talk a little bit about what were the emphases on school reform or educational reform starting in the 1980s into the early 90s? Yeah, a lot of this was accountability mechanisms and mostly focused on standardized tests. But what I wanna say is that the failures have changed and have become much further beyond what can be captured by a standardized test score. And what we're seeing more recently is, and what we highlight in the book is a lot of the non-academic failures of the school system too, such as them being controlled by the teachers unions and indoctrination that's happening in the schools as well and just having a one-size-fits-all system that doesn't, will never meet the individual needs of families who disagree about how they want their kids raised. And I think that's what we've seen a lot over the past couple of years and we've seen some pushes from the top down to control the curriculum from one side and we've seen other reformers, such as myself, pushing from the bottom up to create more of a thousands flowers blooming approach, a free market approach. That was an excerpt from Reasons Livestream with Corey DeAngelis and Conor Boyack. The authors of Mediocrity 40 Ways Government Schools are failing today's students. If you want to see the full conversation, go here. If you wanna see another excerpt, go here and make sure to come back next Thursday. Every Thursday at 1 p.m. Eastern time when Zach Wisemiller and I are doing a live stream with somebody very interesting that you are definitely gonna wanna know about.