 I was stupid. That's the first thing I'd say after my accident. I was completely stupid with that the halo would be dead. Hey guys, welcome back to my channel. Today I want to speak about safety in motorsports. It all started in 94 post Rattenberger and Elton Senna's accident in a more over one weekend where really the drivers got involved and safety became more important in Formula One. I'm pretty sure there's things that you can learn today. Please, as always, subscribe, comment, ask me more questions. I'm happy to talk about it. I want to start with carbon. Carbon has been part of racing for quite a long time, actually. Motorcock, initially there were tube frames, steel tubes framed. And then I'm not sure when, but 90s definitely Formula One became a carbon chassis. Carbon doesn't bend. Carbon either breaks it or resists, but carbon doesn't break. It's a very light material. It is very strong. It's made of sheets of carbon, but behind the sheets there's like a honeycomb kind of material. And there's a lot of different type of carbon. So, for example, a chassis is very thick and strong carbon. But if I take, I mean, that's quite a hold. That's my 2007 Formula 3 Euro Series champion. And I got given that by the mechanic at the end of the year. But the way I wanted to explain to you, so it's all carbon. But because that is not a structural part inside here, you can see that there's actually some like polystyrene to make it very, very light. It doesn't need to be structurally strong because it's not part of the chassis. So that's kind of one type of carbon where you use the carbon in the outside, but inside you put some light material. Obviously, as I say, that is 2007, that's 15 years ago. I was a good example of how you can use carbon in a way. And then in a chassis, it's very different. More recently into Formula One and different type racing, some panel were inside wheezing the carbon in the chassis. Those panels are very, very, very strong. They're here in case there's a T-Boon. T-Boon is probably one of the worst angle that you can hit a car. The cars are made that inside the sideboards, there are some structural carbon speeds that take the energy if you crash laterally against the wall. Obviously, if it's another car coming towards you and hitting you at a 90 degrees angle in the chassis, that's pretty bad because there's much less material to get the energy out of it. No, the cars are very super, are very strong in that aspect for sure. In Indica, Sebastian Bode, Indy 500 Qualifying, I believe was 2017, had a pretty severe crash, broke his hips. Cars have been made stronger on the chassis, so the chassis cannot collapse on itself. As I say, carbon doesn't bend. Carbon in the brakes, it is so in one piece. But when it breaks, obviously it breaks. It is one of the most incredible material that we can use. I wish I knew how to do carbon. But anyway, chassis are made in carbon since quite a lot of years now. Then obviously another thing that is very important for drive is helmets. That's my first race helmet. I actually never raced with it. Look inside, there's almost no foam. I can, if I push it, I can actually bend it. It is pretty heavy, very, very big visor, but actually quite a small opening back in the days. But a big visor is just a piece of plastic. But when the helmet hits the headrest, there's some energy going to the foam and then the rest of the energy goes into those foam. So they're very important that the helmet is fixed. It's not moving. In Indica, for example, on ovals, we put some extra adding into the cockpit. Obviously, one of them is to support your neck because you always turn left. So imagine that the left side of the neck is going to be really hard at the end of the race. But also in case of an impact, you really want the helmet not to move. Then there's been gloves. Gloves are obviously a big advancement. We have no biometric gloves in Formula One, where you can track your heart rate and your blood oxygen level. So the doctors straight away can have contact with the gloves and they know it's still enough oxygen in your blood. If the heart rate is still going, that gives them a first really good indication. Obviously gloves, after my accident in Bahrain 2020, became stronger. So they're a bit thicker now, but they resist longer to the fire. Making gloves is a big challenge because you want them to be as thin as possible to get a really good feel of the steam wheel, but you want them to resist to fire and then we're positioned to talk about that one. So gloves have been improved after my accident in Bahrain. I don't know if it's funny, but race suits also the regulation changed before 2020, where the race suit had to last longer into the flames. But if it's about 20 seconds for the race suit to stand the fire, I said 28 seconds in the fire and it didn't move at all. So the race suit actually worked really well. The gloves were designed for seven seconds. I think now it's 11 seconds. I think there's room for improvement there. Definitely a race suit are very strong. On top of the race suit, we've got a Pijama underneath where you have to put its long sleeves and socks and trousers under your race suit that are also fire-proofed. Believe the latest rules from the fire, a bit of a joke, the fact that you cannot drive with your ring. I mean, where I've got my wedding ring, it's probably the place where I didn't get burned. So I got burned here, I got burned here, but where I had my wedding ring, I didn't get burned. So I don't really know, but anyway. None of my business, so we'll say anymore. But yes, I think a wedding ring, you should be able to keep it. And obviously one of the latest, biggest improvement in motorsport is the halo. So halo in Formula One, arrow screen in IndyCar. They do kind of the same thing. The arrow screen is, I think, better on ovals just because of very, very high speed. Any small piece flying through your chest or your helmet or neck or whatsoever can be pretty devastating. On road course and street course, the halo, it's very warm in the car. And so on halo, I was against it when it was proposed for Formula One. I thought it was completely changing the look and the way Formula One was designed and the fact that you couldn't see the helmet of the driver anymore. I was stupid. That's the first thing I'll say after my accident. I was completely stupid with that the halo would be dead. We just had the Japanese Grand Prix. The Japanese Grand Prix for me would always be two things. The most beautiful track around the world and the accident of Jules Bianchi. So, you know, kind of opposite feelings. But the accident of Jules Bianchi saved my life. So Jules saved my life in Bahrain because if it wasn't for the halo, I wouldn't be here anymore. And I wouldn't be doing those videos for you guys. So I guess that was a good thing. Well, I hope it was a good thing and you're happy and enjoying the videos. So halo has been a big thing. Obviously it's a lot of weight on the car. It's not the most best-looking piece on the racing car. I do agree with that. There are rooms to make it thinner. They're working on that. It's gonna get better through the years. But personally, I would not jump on a car that doesn't have a halo or a roof or a rolling cage or something like that. That would protect my head. So the last thing is a tether. Tether I hate to hold the parts and outflying. So on over the nitty car is very important. On a big shunt, you don't want the wings. And obviously there's been some accidents where the front wing flew and hit another driver. I think it was Justin Wilson. That died that way very, very tragically. So now it's tether for everything. Also in Formula One to hold the suspension and the wheels. So the parts can fly and hit a marshal, hit another car. So I think we went through pretty much all the biggest safety improvement of the last few years. If you have any questions, please ask. I'm more than happy to answer. And I'll see you very soon for more videos. Bye bye.