 और वरहडतें। पहन्ट्याल यह तो ग़ागौता है, उस जो निपने साभ करते हैं? आसी आप देखा है, यह जामरबही आत हो यह नहीं तोग़ाएं। से परिखाए देखा करेटा की आप रही नहीं। आसी ठिथा क्योगी ती लेठा के है। अप्छन सी में डालों या मेरे अपने पास राक लों या फलाँ बेंक में डाल दूू। सो मुझे दिसचन लेने है के मुझे अपने इन पैसों को क्या करना है के साथ क्या करना है ताके मुझे सब से जब जाएदा पाइदा पूँची। बोरो करने पैसे तो आपको एक रेट बोरों या लेंडिंग से पेले बताया जाएगा या एक एगरीड अपन रेट आप पेले का तो उस में क्या है के आपको बैसिकली हाँ तिस पतिकलर तेंग अस देटामन बन बनेवर वी नी तु वी लुकाट असर्टन नमबर के में एक रेट काड बाए किया है और उस के उपर मुझे उनो नहीं बोला अगर अप इतना ट्रन्जेक्छन करेंगे इस क्रटिड काड को अस्तमाल कर के तो उस के अपको अपको 30% interest rate charge होगी या 25% interest rate charge होगा या 40% interest rate charge होगा तो this will be pre-agreed so we need to understand that fine and the important एक तो interest rate होगा तुस्तरा इसी तरा से जब आपने गर को finance कराने है आपके पास गर के खरीदने के पैसे नहीं है या किसी individual ने या group ने कोई गर लेने है और उस के लिए वो banks को या financial institutions के पास जाते है और उनको बलते हैं के हमें गर को परचेस करने क तो जो रेड बताया जाते है जिस के उपर वो लोन लेंगे गर को बनाने के लिए आगर को एक स्पान करने के लिए आगर की रेनोवेशन करने के वास दे ताद वो भी the mortgage rate again. So this is another type of the interest rate that is prevailing in a financial market. So the third type of rate is the commercial loan rate. So when you have taken a loan for the corporate sector on a commercial basis, from any financial institution, they will give you a rate. So these are the three major types of it. Apart from that, a lot of rates prevail in the financial market. But these are the three major rates that are considered to be important rates in our financial market. So the question arises that how these rates are established, how they are determined. So basically, how much risk is there in any sector. So that is another one important aspect. So rate of interest is considered based upon number one, the unit of account. So what is the amount of interest that you are going to charge for the money. So if it is a huge amount, if it is a small amount, that matters. Because if you want to borrow only 1 lakh from somewhere and you want to pay 100 crore from somewhere, then there is a difference in the interest. So the next important thing is that for how much time period I am taking the money. So what is its objective and what is its time duration. So if I am borrowing money for one night or one day, then naturally there is less risk involved. And time period is considered, it will be few hours. So interest rate will be very low as compared to if the same amount of money is borrowed for a longer time period. So first of all, when we talk about the determination of interest rate, then the first thing that is accounted for is the unit of account. And the next important thing that is accounted for is the time period or the duration for which you are borrowing the money or for which the money is being borrowed. Another important and the most important factor, one of the most important factor is the risk associated with that type of borrowing or lending. You have taken money from the bank to buy a house or you have taken a commercial loan. So with that, the different types of default risks that you will be defaulting, what is its probability that is also considered to be an important determinant of interest rate. So if the default risk is higher, that the chances of the money being borrowed are higher, then naturally your interest rate will be more. And if the default risk is very low, that is why you should maintain your credit history and maintain it well. That your due dates according to which you have repayment, then your credit history will be good. Then naturally banks will easily lend you money and you will have to charge the interest rate relatively less. So basically when we consider or look at the major determinants of the interest rate, there are these three factors. The first one is the unit of account, then we have the time period for which you are borrowing the money and the third one is the default risk. So to gather these three things help us in determining what will be the interest rate. On its back end, there is another important concept that is the bank rate, the prevailing bank rate. Bank rate always defines the central bank of that country. And like in Pakistan, in monetary policy, your bank rate is defined. Bank rate forms the threshold, this is the base rate on which all your other interest rates are calculated, developed and established. So bank rate defines the state bank of Pakistan and in the context of Pakistan. And on top of this, I have also told you these three elements, the default risk, the duration and the unit of account. These three things will be considered at the top of the bank rate and then your interest rate will be calculated or determined that how much you have to charge.