 Felly mae'n Josh ac yn gallu i'w gofyn yn ynion hwnnw, y niferwyr iawn i'r chatbot i ddod yn gweithio gwahol, ac o'n dy John Ddod yn yr cwmysgeth O'n ddiddordeb yn mynd i'r chatbot gyda'r cyfrannig i chi'r gondond, chatbot yn cael ei wneud i gynnig gyda'r ddod o'r ffordd y Centafol yn llawer yn allan o'u gweithiau o'r cyfrannig yw'n gwneudio i'n g Omega. Ond yn ffordd i ff specialty'r cyfrannig, Rwy'r gwybodaeth yma yn siarad criadwyddon yw erddangos cydwynyddol acnnwys yn ychydig hwn o'i unig o phwyddoedd, ac yw hyfforddau yn gwneud yn gallu cymuned i fyfydig o'r website. Rwyf, mae gennym heto'r hoff. Mae'r Gwbl sy'n ei wneud ymol yn ysgoliau cyllidau a phobl, ac yn myfydig sy'n myfydig â'r perlwig. wedi bod ydych chi'n gliflu a chyfyddo'r gwaith y pleit ni'n gallu ddefnyddio arddيةpe atio. Ac byddem eu bod yn gyfalullaf o'r drwng, gyda'i arddai pobl i fynd i ddelirio'r virus. Felly, os ydych i'r bwysig ymddai ymddangos, ydyn ni wedi bod diddorol ffordd iawn, oed o'r gwaith yn y llwyddel. Byddai'n rhai cyfrifiadau sy'n meddwl am unrhyw – I'n yma yma, ychydig 80% rwy'n Omri Gael yma y maen nhw cain oed o'r diol. llwyddoi a gweithio'r cyfrifio angen o gwaith o gweithio'r Lodau Dyma, o'r gweithio'r cyfrifio angen o gweithio'r llaw o'r llaw. Ond yna yn gallu'n gwych. O'r gweithio'n gweithio'r gwych, mae'r cyfrifio'r yma ar y Lodau Lodau Lodau yn Ysgrifennu, mae'r cyfrifio'r gweithio yn gweithio'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio. Yn fwyllt yn y 4th gweithio, My parents told me I was on my own and had to pay for my own fines. But since I was a teenager and I couldn't afford these expensive tickets, I had to figure out other ways to get the tickets dismissed. I trold through hundreds of pages of obscure government documents looking for the top reasons why parking tickets are generally cancelled. After some initial success with my own fines, it quickly became obvious that I was the parking guru of my local area. It wasn't long before all my family and friends were asking for my help. But what became apparent is that, rather than helping my friends and family individually, I should create a way to help them automatically. I was copying and pasting the same appeals over and over again, and I thought, why not apply this chatbot technology to create the world's first robot lawyer? I asked several parking ticket lawyers in London what they thought, and yes, there are parking ticket lawyers, apparently, about what they thought cyd-dau o'r tyfnod o'r llawg-dyniad o'r llawg-dyniad. Mae'n dweud yn llwythol, ond arall, ond y dyfodol yn rhan o'r cyfrifau a'r gweithio. Ond yn fawr sy'n cyfrifau'r cyfrifau, rydyn wedi'u gwneud o'r gwaith. Mae'r cyfrifau sy'n cyfrifau i'r gwaith, a'r llawg-dyniad yn hynny'n meddwl i'r cyfrif. Mae'n gweithio gyda'r cyfrifau cyfrifau cyfrifau cyfrifau o'r cyfrifau. I ask you a few questions and goes down a decision tree to find a problem with the ticket. Once it knows the issue it takes down a few details and then uses these details to generate a legally sound appeal, which is sends directly to the authorities. I really just created this during high school as a side project to impress my friends. But in just under six months, do not pay to the legal world by storm. roedd wedi arnyn ni'n meddwl more 275,000 cyfnodau cyfnodau, am gweithio cyfnodau, o ddod 7 miliwn. Dyna dweud yr hyn sy'n meddwl ymlaen, rwy'n meddwl arbennig ar gyfer y cyfnodd cyfnodau o'r pwyllfa ym mwyaf dim. Rwy'n meddwl i'r gwaith arall o'r ffordd y Llaw. Rwy'n meddwl i'r gweithio ar hynny, a rwyf wedi'i wneud yn dweud oherwydd yng nghymru. Yn oedd y wneud o'r website o'r weboclwn i'r cyfnod, yw bod yn cymdeithas i chi fod y bydd y gweithio hefyd. Rydyn na fydd ychydig ymddyng ar hyn. Si'n amlwch rydyn nhw, oedd ymddych chi'n rydyn nhw yn ymddych chi'n cymdeithio'n cyfeithio. Yn ymddych chi'n dyfodol ychydig ymddangos ymddangos ar y glasgau. Yn ymddych chi'n ddweud yma, rydyn ni'n gweithio ar y plain a dyfodol. One of the first areas I decided to go for was going off to the airlines. In Europe if your flight is delayed by more than a few hours, you can claim hundreds of euros in compensation, but lawyers were charging huge commissions, often around 50% of the ticket, just to achieve this compensation. I thought that this was outrageous and added this functionality to my robot alongside parking tickets. Mae cyfnod ar hynny meddwl hynny, gweld gweithio, sy'n rhan o ran gwyfodio'r cyηνol yn llawu'r cympath. Rwy'n rhan o fewn i'w gofio roi fath o'r gweithio. Rwy'n rhan o'n meddwl hynny'n meddwl hynny, o bwysig ymgath i'r glofynnwys ac e blaen ysgrifennu. Gyrgyf wedi eu cyfrigol yn ymddangos i ddoch i chlasol i ddechrau ac mae hwnnw gweld gweithio gweithio'r cy Safr, and lots of people are unfortunately being made homeless. I later learned that in the U.K. we have this broken system. Instead of housing the homeless directly, the government will pay a law, a huge sum of money, to file an application which is then sent back to the government who paid the lawyer. This seemed like something that needed to be fixed. So to solve this problem, I actually figured out that it was really simple to file this application using technology. I work with Centrepoint, one of the largest homeless charities in the UK, to automatically allow my robot law to claim government housing for people. It is completely free because unlike its human equivalent, it doesn't require a salary. From this experience, it's clear that so many areas of the law can be automated. My robot law now works in over a dozen, half a dozen legal areas, including helping tenants fight their landlords and those with serious diseases like HIV understand their rights and responsibilities. It's really exciting to announce that in the past few weeks, I've expanded to help asylum seekers automatically claim refugee status in the US, UK and Canada. The way it works is it first asks a few questions to see if a refugee is eligible for asylum under international law before taking down the details and auto-populating an entire application. It's really exciting to see where this technology will go and I think that lawyers should be very worried. But what does this all mean? The first main takeaway from this whole experience is that government is going to get a lot more efficient with the rise of technology. I'm just 20 years old working on my own and I know that there are thousands more programmers with decades more experience than me working on similar issues. The UK government in particular is terrible at managing parking spaces and dealing with homelessness, but a chatbot lawyer has done a lot to change that. In the future, technologies like chatbots will help the most vulnerable get help from the state. The second main takeaway is that technology is going to consume the legal profession. So many people are working on legal technology and lawyers ultimately, in my opinion, are just charging hundreds of dollars an hour for copying and pasting documents. Obviously there are some great lawyers who argue in court and work on things like human rights, but the majority of lawyers I feel are exploiting people and technology can make the law free for everyone. So in summary, for chatbots to prosper they have to do a lot more than order pizza. The best chatbots will be those that help humanity and beat the bureaucracies that hold us back. Thank you very much. If anyone has any questions I'd love to take your questions or parking ticket issues or anything. Are you developing any of this for the US? Yes, so for refugees it works in the US. It also works for parking tickets in New York City and Seattle. I'm expanding to the Bay Area very shortly which is really exciting. So San Francisco will stop taking money from parking tickets very soon, I hope. So we just look up chatbox as the... Chatbot lawyer, yeah, or robot lawyer or do not pay. Thank you. Hi, thank you so much for speaking today. I'm just curious, the service that you offer, it's a free service for your friends and family and anyone interested. But how do you, as a business owner or a founder, what do you get out of it? Do you make business on ads or how does it work for you in the business model? I think the beauty of technology is that there's no variable cost. It doesn't matter how many people you're helping. Once you've got an app created it can help a million people and server costs aren't really that expensive. So I'm very lucky. I can create all of this technology myself so I've got no cost to recoup. I'm a student so I don't have to worry. So I'm in this amazing position where I can just do this completely free. There's no advertising, it's free, and it really just helps people. So it's a pure public service which is exciting. Wonderful. Thank you. Another question if you don't mind. For driveway violations and appeals processes with that, have you thought of maybe doubling into that aspect? Absolutely. This summer I've got lots of exciting product announcements and that's actually one of them. So speeding, is that what you mean by driving? Just like driveway when you block a driveway because sometimes here in San Francisco if you're not parked all the way on the cement block, like if it dips they'll get you on a driveway violation if you're not clearing the whole sidewalk. Yes, that's been a huge issue and I don't think that deserves a $280 ticket. So it actually already works in the areas it works for for driveway violations, parking tickets, and also when it launches in San Francisco it will help that because they don't even signpost anything. The whole thing is just a big scam in my opinion. Cool. Thanks. Thank you for the presentation. Also congratulations on persisting even though the parking ticket lawyers didn't believe in you. Quick question about law firms and partnerships and you said that lawyers should be worried. I agree they should be. Do you think there's maybe some sort of collaboration that you could do with a law firm, particularly those that offer a lot of pro bono, to ensure that it remains a public service but then it also deepens the reach and also the scope of what you could do? Yes, so I've been very fortunate. So many law firms have actually and charities also helping me pro bono. I think that for AI in general the best kind of applications will be those where humans and AI work together. I think about 30% of the law is just copying and pasting documents and that's definitely all going to go to AI, but certainly to handle more complex cases particularly with human rights because a chatbot can't do everything of course. So yeah, I definitely want to partner with lawyers in the future. My question is what are the repercussions of breaking the law? So you were talking about driveway. Somebody blocks my driveway and I can't get my car out because of an emergency. And then they get a ticket, they get towed, they go to you, they get off. Aren't more people going to break the law, aren't more people going to park in driveways and speed because they're getting off because they can go to this? Yeah, that's a great question and something I worry about myself. The thing is though, I'm not looking to help people legitimately get out of legitimate parking tickets or legitimate crimes. But in the UK for example, over 50% of all parking tickets that are appealed are overturned and I think it just shows that there's this problem that exists across the world that parking tickets are used almost as like a tax to fund things like the cigarette litter when in fact cigarette taxes should fund litter cleanup. So parking tickets is like a tax on the most vulnerable in society. I think so many, unfortunately so many disabled people and pensioners make the most minor mistake in their parking and then get hit with a $280 parking ticket in San Francisco. Often that's half of their pension weekly income and then they can't afford food or heating for their house. So I think definitely it's something to consider but so many parking tickets more than you would imagine are issued unfairly and that's what I'm fighting against. First off, I love your idea because honestly it is a huge problem that we have where you just are charged random tickets for whatever reason. But as far as like how do you go about tackling that like scalable problem because you have different laws per different counties, per different states. So like how are you like how do you approach like parsing like all those like documents and then you know bringing them into your butt like what's your approach to that. Yeah, unfortunately the US as you say every county, city is different. It's kind of a double-edged shawrd in the UK is one national set of laws. On the one hand it's really annoying to have to kind of go back to the lawyers, create a new product and that's why I've been expanding it city by city. But on the other hand these cities are issuing so many unfair parking tickets. New York City for example issues $800 million a year of parking tickets. So the cities here are so big never ending that just one city at a time gets you a lot of people. But it's really annoying I agree. Totally, thank you. I'd never even heard of chatbot before. And so looking at the thing that you showed us you go through this whole thing and then if the appeal goes through it says print appeal and then do I have to take that to a court? Don't I have to deal with lawyers at some point? So it's worth mentioning I should have said this at the beginning. A chatbot is basically an application that talks to you. Big companies like Facebook and Microsoft and Amazon are investing huge amounts of money and if you go into Facebook Messenger there are so many chatbots available today. So the way it works is it first gets down the details. It generates a document and in some jurisdictions it will actually send it off for you so you don't have to do that printing process. Unfortunately some areas are still in the dark ages where you do have to print it and mail it but you definitely don't have to deal with a lawyer. All you have to do is put it in the mail. Just a quick question. So laws change, procedures change. How do you approach that in your chatbot? Making those changes. So this summer I've actually got a really exciting announcement to do with that kind of issue but for now what I do is lots of lawyers advise me. Unfortunately well there are advantages and disadvantages to living in one great bureaucracy. The advantages are that nothing ever changes. Disadvantages are as hard to get anything done. So if there is something that's going to change they tell you months in advance and it often requires so many people to agree. So luckily nothing has changed but ultimately the rules are there for a reason to protect people and hopefully they won't change. Are you still doing this alone or do you have teams of people assisting you? I wish I had a team of people, I don't. I'm a student at Stanford. It's completely as a kind of social good side project to help people. I would ultimately like to get a team because I think that no great things can be done on your own and so that's what I'm looking to do over the summer and hopefully make this from parking tickets to everything in the law. Not until the summer but parking tickets at the moment. So I think the first version of something is often in life never really works and the company you're referring to is called Fixed and in my opinion didn't work out is because they actually had a lawyer look over every single complaint and you might say that that's a good thing because it helps ensure that the complaints are better but in reality this meant that obviously that lawyer had to be paid and so for every parking ticket they were charging people 40 dollars just to appeal the ticket. My approach is to use artificial intelligence and document automation so that it's completely automated and free to produce. In that case it doesn't matter how many people use it it's the same amount of money that's being spent on the service so our model is kind of completely different although they were the first to tackle parking tickets and they're my comrades in that we have a very different approach to how we're solving legal technology. I have one over here. With developments in AI and chatbots and just AI in general in your kind of wildest yet attainable dreams how do you see this? What would be your ideal goal in five, six, ten years from now? Yeah, so it's worth mentioning that my technology is powered by something called IBM Watson which is a really powerful AI engine produced by IBM and that means that ordinary people without PhDs in machine learning can create really powerful artificial intelligence applications. So in a few years I would ultimately love it if you could just type in your legal issue and it just gets done for you using the technology and that would ultimately level the playing field so that any citizen, whether you're a regular citizen or a billionaire or a politician or whoever you can get the same standard of legal representation because at the moment it's kind of a pay to play system and I think if technology can stop that then it would be incredible. I'm very lucky to be getting all these questions. Do you envision in the future, near or far away a world without judges? Yes, so I'm really split about this because on the one hand judges it's proven that they show a huge amount of bias whether it's economic bias, racial bias and even in Bloomberg in the past few weeks there was this great article that came out that said a change in daylight savings times leads to harsher sentences for thousands of people. So on the one hand technology algorithms do have bias but less so than a human because humans are very flawed. On the other, the law has a lot of compassion. I think that setting bail for example is not a strict kind of rule set. You have to take into account individual person's circumstances prior convictions, things like that. I think that AI is really developing at a fast rate and it will get to that point where it can kind of show that level of compassion but it will be a significantly longer time and I think if we introduce the technology too early it will lead to unfairness in kind of judging. Unfortunately judges actually do use a lot of technology at the moment and I recommend this article it's from the New York Times just a few days ago maybe a week ago that said that AI was leading to bad sentencing in judging and so I think the potential is there but ultimately until the technology is right you know people's lives are at stake so it's important to be careful. Actually you sort of spoke about it. Can you talk a little about how courts are using AI for sentencing? Sure, so basically judges receive a recommended in a lot of places there's this proprietary technology developed by this company nobody knows what it is nobody knows what's inside the algorithm and yet for a large percentage of cases judges receive this report saying based on the prior circumstances and conditions of the case we recommend that you should have a sentence of X years or a sentence of X months of community service and that's very problematic because the company is a private company developing this technology and they're not accountable to anyone when we make laws you know politicians it's a completely open process where we can at least see what's being proposed how the laws were applied with a private company it's their very incentive to protect their invention because they don't want other companies copying it so we don't actually know what's in this like sentencing recommendation algorithm and so in a lot of places it's being used to recommend sentencing in much more benign areas in the courts I think it's good that a lot of courts are going digital it means that people can file their claims online and things like do not pay can exist as a layer on top of that but no sentencing recommendation is the biggest area that I'm concerned with Hi, so I recently have been doing a lot of research for new health insurance plans and I've encountered a chatbot or two and with things like that where I don't have a lot of experience or knowledge with some of the verbiage used in documents and things like that I kind of need to ask further questions and I found that the chatbots fail in that regard so I was wondering what you're doing in terms of maybe just using other synonyms and things like that to cross language barriers or just basic knowledge barriers Yeah, so I think in that sense chatbots can be a blessing and a curse I think chatbots are really good because they help translate what you... I once had a website version of do not pay where people click on links and that gets them to their legal issue the same way a chatbot would and what I would find is people would have a legal defence for their parking ticket the defence would be listed on the website but they just wouldn't click it they would just think that their defence is slightly more special and what's listed doesn't apply to them so a chatbot can help translate human input into the legally correct input and in a lot of these government forms where a chatbot isn't present in asylum forms the language is just incomprehensible and for example in the UK asylum form for example it says does the convention against torture apply to you and unfortunately nobody really if you're just a standard asylum seeker you probably wouldn't know what the convention against torture is my chatbot on the other hand for the same question kind of ask the same thing but in like a legally sound way but also in an understandable way is do you fear torture in your home country and so chatbots can be used to like translate everything on the forms into something that's correct and users can ask questions and the chatbot can respond if it has a programmed way to do so on the other hand I think that obviously reduces the need for lawyers who help a lot of people one on one and ideally if you have legal problems you should seek a lawyer because lawyers will give you the best the technology isn't there to help you but unfortunately a lot of people can't afford lawyers so the chatbot is kind of the next best thing and making it understandable I have a question I know a couple of lawyers so I'm curious if you could say more about how they've reacted to hearing about this product what sorts of reactions have you had from the legal community well the first thing they tried to do like in the earlier question was they tried to buy the website and they failed for them they felt very threatened lawyers are kind of pretending to be in this industry that nobody understands they say nobody really understands the law only we can help you understand it but in reality for anyone who's ever done any sort of work legal work themselves and defending themselves it's not that complicated and so lawyers are feeling very threatened because they're charging hundreds of dollars and all they're doing is really just they're only like for example if you're having a fight with your insurance company how many possibilities can there be that you're having a fight over either maybe they're underpaying you for your claim or they're overcharging you with another claim or something like that and so in reality the possibilities aren't that kind of great and lawyers are feeling very threatened there are a lot of good lawyers out there who are helping me out who believe in access to justice but I think in the next few years lawyers are one of the most vulnerable professions to be automated by technology alongside accountants and other things I have a question are you mentioning about documentation automation by using the chatbot then I work for a small international trading company we have a lot of documentation and procedures to follow and something is like you protest a driving ticket it's same just go through the procedure produce lots of documentation then get the job done is there any way I can use the artificial intelligence or chatbox to streamline my work in a small business definitely I think legal operations is something that really is also going to be here I don't do it because I like to help normal people with their everyday problems for example there is a start-up called robot lawyer Lisa and they actually do a lot with non-disclosure agreements all sorts of business stuff so I would recommend them or you can create your own technology I mentioned earlier IBM Watson you don't have to have a kind of PhD in machine learning to do this sort of stuff with things like Watson so if you want to create your own that's another possibility okay great thank you so much