 I'm Stephen Leonard, I'm the Senior Climate Policy Analyst with CIFL. Over the past 12 months there's been an increasing emphasis on the role of Indigenous peoples in the context of climate and forests. When it comes to the idea around reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and conservation of forests which is described as red plus. Indigenous peoples play an important role. In the policy context there is of course the participatory role. Indigenous peoples are mostly rights holders and so they have a stronger opportunity or this will be a stronger emphasis on the viewpoint and entitlements of Indigenous peoples when it comes to what we might want to call climate change related interventions whether they're mitigation or adaptation in forests. Indigenous peoples also have a long connected history with forests in many parts of the world in terms of stewardship and taking care of the forests then of themselves as well as very often a very deep cultural and spiritual connection that comes between Indigenous peoples and the lands and the forests in which they exist on. CIFL has undertaken some work in this space in a number of different ways. There's been work that's been undertaken here which is focused on the role of monitoring and MRV of communities. There has been other work that's been undertaken here very recently focusing on allegations of rights violations and there was a desktop scoping study that was done by some colleagues that has identified that there is the potential for red plus related interventions to violate rights in the circumstances where it's not undertaken in a rights based approach. That finding is based on the number of allegations that have been raised by Indigenous communities throughout the world which have been subjected to interventions under the name of red plus and so it's important that that information is brought into the public domain so that the discussion and the importance of rights based approaches can be focused on more. There will be an interesting session at the Global Landscapes Forum that will be held by the Indigenous peoples major group on sustainable development which will be focusing on the role of Indigenous peoples in the context of conservation. That is an important issue because historically there's been a lot of circumstances where communities have been moved off their land in order to enable for conservation initiatives to be undertaken which raises questions around rights and violations of human rights and rights of Indigenous peoples. A rights based approach to red plus will be important going forward and it will not only give rise to more sustainability of the red plus efforts in and of themselves but it will also go a long way in terms of improving livelihoods of Indigenous communities and also support the sustainability of the overall objective to reduce emissions from forests.