 What people in the media and what policymakers mean when they talk about militarization of the police is basically what we're seeing on the nightly news. Images of police officers standing atop armored personnel vehicles, training assault rifles on protesters. What we're really seeing are police who are acting like and who look like soldiers rather than officers of the peace. If you think back to 1999 in Seattle, peaceful protests against globalization were confronted by police in militarized gear. As a result, protesters felt threatened and things escalated into violence. We saw the same thing with the Occupy movement and we've seen it again in Ferguson. This militarized police force really sends the message that dissent is in fact dangerous to security. And so we lose space for dissenters and protesters to engage in the democratic process. The 1033 program, which the Defense Department created in 1997 to provide everything from office supplies to armored personnel vehicles to local law enforcement. The justification at the time was the war on drugs, but of course it's very clear that when people get this gear, they tend to want to use it. The termination of the 1033 program is one good policy solution. We need a much more thoroughgoing, long-term engagement with how police perceive protest, how police perceive dissent. Some models have been put forth, for example, in Memphis where police receive intensive training in how you de-escalate a tense situation. If we want to think of police as officers of the peace rather than as a force that has a very conflictual relationship with the community, these are the kinds of policies that we need to be pursuing.