 Dear professors, scholars, researchers and colleagues, good afternoon. First of all, I would like to show my gratitude to Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN and the Royal Forestry Department of the Government of Thailand. Thanks very much for providing this opportunity of sharing our research. I'm Chi Zhang. I obtained my doctorate degree in Technical University of Munich in Germany. And now I worked in Guangdong, Academic Forestry, China. Today, I'm going to make a presentation about our knowledge and experiments in urban forestry remediation, which is entitled with research and practice on the ecological remediation of the Typhoon-Haitou to summer the 17th in Zhuhai and Macau, China. My presentation will contain three parts, the background, our research and evaluation, and how we apply our knowledge to practice and exploration. For the background, I was going to talk about the importance and the urgency of our remediation project. It is widely known that urban trees and forests can provide multiple ecosystem services, such as purifying air, reducing noise, and fixing carbon for residents and tourists. It can also provide a leisure space for people to stay and play and it can also improve landscape for people to enjoy. However, urban forests are confronting multiple disturbances, such as floods, fires, urbanization of human activities, and the pets and diseases. And today, I'm going to focus on those urban forests located in coastal cities. They will be frequently confronted with Typhoon events. In coastal cities in China, such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Macau, they often suffer from Typhoon disturbance every year. Yes, from last 50 years, it is recorded over 500 Typhoon events come here. For example, 2017, Typhoon Hato, 2018, Typhoon Mongkut, and 2018, Typhoon Evania. Typhoon is often very devastating and it can cause strong breeze, intense rainfall, and storm surges. Sometimes, the maximum wind power carries 230 kilograms per square meters and sometimes it can cause intense rainfall, which reach 100 to 300 millimeter. So after the typhoon comes and the leaves, the urban forest is disturbed to various extent. We launch urban forest remediation, which can help to recover local ecosystem and provide multiple benefits and it can enhance cities in coping with climate events to increase its stability and adaptability. On one hand, our urban forest remediation can be ecological, can be historical, can be geographical and authentic, which carry, reflect, and enhance people's impression on cities. On one hand, it can also be emotional, inspiring, recreational, and healthy, which is very closely related to people's daily life. So our research and evaluation will take those perspectives in which we will deeply talk about the tree growth and the adaptive properties improvement in our remediation project. In 2017, Taifung-Haitou introduced Zhuhai and over 40% of the urban forest in Zhuhai were severely disturbed. After it happened, the local government and the forestry department launched the imperative urban forest remediation and we select one of the ecological remediation districts as our research area to evaluate the quality and the efficiency, whether it's good or not. So we take a deep insight. These are the photos that observed or recorded in that time. In Zhuhai, our research area for tree species are widely used for the remediation project. Stakulia, Lensilov, Lata, Alex from Tudda, Shima, Superba, and Iliakapo's severe stress. After all of them are planted, we launched above ground and the below ground measurement. For the above ground measurement, the crown parameters, including crown size, crown length, crown height, and tree height, tree damage, are observed and recorded every month. And for the below ground measurement, the ground penetrating radar technology and the root culling method were combined to detect the root development in both horizontal and vertical level because the root development is closely related to how the tree maintains its stability, how the tree absorbs water and the nutrients, and how the tree adapts to the local environment. So the horizontal development will tell us whether the root system is sensitive, centered, or widespread. And the vertical development will show us whether the trees are deep rooted so that it can be more reliable against the typhoon disturbance. After culling, we get the samples. So all the fine roots were moved to the laboratory immediately. And we used a filter to filter fine roots and washed the attached fine stones and small soils. And after that, the oven will dry them. And after they are dried, all the samples will wait immediately to provide the information of fine root biomass, development in horizontal and the vertical levels. After all, we did our measurement. The results show us different patterns of different tree species. For example, so a tree species SL show common tree high space and significant ground diameter growth so it will be very dense and not so high. It could be relatively stable above ground and morphology. And for SS, it shows lowest value of ground diameter and the second lowest value of tree height. OK, the tree is small and the same. And for ES, it shows the vigorous ground above ground development because we observe advantages in both ground diameter and tree height. For below ground, where we see the vertical root development, we can see from six months to 12 months, all four tree species inhibited stable growth. But from 12 months to 18 months, only SL showed growth. The other three tree species showed the declination. But we still see some difference that IR and SS show deep root development. Although they reduce their fine root growth from their shallow and middle layer, we still see it can be their specific advantages. And for ES, although it is very vigorous in above ground growth, we see 40% of biomass reduction. So different trees have different above ground and the below ground strategies. For example, ES, we just see that it had a very good above ground growth, but it showed not very relatively weakened growth for below ground, the fine root biomass. And for the horizontal level, all the trees exhibited similar growth patterns. And when facing root loss, ES still see some difference that it preferred to lose out more roots in comparison to other three tree species. That it mainly lost out roots, which is far from the stem. So we can say for different tree species, we'll show different adaptation. And some will focus on above ground and some will focus on below ground. And for below ground root development, some will maintain their deep roots, but some are lost not only in deep roots, but also automotive roots. So these three species should be considered to plant in different areas, which is based on the local environment. We also measure the soil properties and the chemical properties since the remediation project started. After 18 months, we see the physical properties showed no significant difference. That means it may not, although it is improved, it is still not highly improved. But for chemical properties, we see a lot of increased indexes, for example, available nitrogen, available potassium, and soil organic matter. It may combine with our results related to fine root. We can say our remediation project seems to be very efficient because these pineal tree species has already played a very good role in improving the soil conditions, especially in chemical properties, which can be said the environment is the environmental quality, have been improved for later, in the future, for other tree species to re-establish for urban forest. So after we get some basic findings and knowledge, we try our best to apply them to our practice and exploration mainly regarding how to improve the local ecosystem services from urban trees and how to improve people's feelings on landscape improvement. We select another city, Macau, which also suffered from Typhon-Haitou to 2017. From this picture, we can see that the urban forests are severely damaged. Some trees are breached, some trees, their crowns are destroyed. After our field survey, we feel not only the urban trees are damaged or destroyed, we also observe these phenomena, that the decline of tree growth, the deterioration of soil quality, and due to the high strong wind, some forest structures are severely damaged or so. It shows simple forest structure. And therefore, monotonous landscape effect can also be seen in a lot of places. Based on this special phenomenon, we not only aim to recover forest cover rate, but also take diversity of tree species through coveration, improvement of soil quality, improve diversification of forest structure, and promotion of landscape effect into consideration, which can help us to comprehensively improve the quality of the local forest remediation project. From 2018 to 2019, we launched a field survey, make plans and designs, and have a wide discussion with local people, with different professors, with residents, with the government. And finally, we make a relatively very good and consider different people's professors decision and their employment project. So in the project, we consider that we use more tree species to improve the diversity, and select those trees with higher values of dbh, but lower values of height. And the tree structure of the crowns will be loose so that strong wind can easily go through. And the stable root development will ensure the trees can absorb enough water, nutrients, and maintain the stability. And finally, we also take the landscape and the colors of trees and the trees that the colors of the flowers and the fruits of trees in different seasons will give people a very nice enjoy that in different seasons. Can I ask you to conclude within one minute, please? Yeah, no problem. So people will have a very nice impression of the affected area. And from those areas which directly face strong wind, we use landscape trees, which are the basic green plantations that trees will be very stable and provide a green view so that people can see, okay, it helps us to protect the softer areas and forces those not directly facing the strong wind. We use landscape plantations at different trees, species with different flowers that can give people a recreation space. And finally, not only the first cover rate, the diversity, the ecosystem service are improved, but also people see very good landscape improvement and enlarge the recreation space. That's all, thank you very much.