 Daily Tech News Show is made possible by its listeners, thanks to all of you, including Philip Less, Daniel Dorado, and Howard Yermish. Coming up on DTNS, Twitter, Telegram, and now Snap want to sell you a subscription, but they're not giving us what we want in a subscription. Plus, Cyber Pirates at Sea, that's literally true, and Tech to End Bicycle. This is the Daily Tech News for Wednesday, June 29th, 2022 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. In Salt Lake City, I'm Wednesday's Scott Johnson. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chang. You know, it is a lost opportunity to book someone named Wednesday. I know. You'll never do it, though. That's a rare thing. You'll find a million Scott Johnson's, no Wednesdays. Yeah, that's the old saying. In a world of a million Scott Johnson's, there are so few Wednesdays. Where are the Wednesdays? Well, this is a Wednesday, and so we start with a few tech things you should know. Mozilla released Firefox 102 with a feature that strips tracking information for the end of URLs. Links sometimes include a question mark followed by a bunch of numbers and letters. You might look at that and say, what does it mean? That's one of the most common ways to add tracking to links. Firefox's query parameter stripping feature, as it is so pluckily called, takes that tracking info off of the URL when you click it and when you paste it into your address bar. You do need to turn it on yourself in the privacy and security settings under enhanced tracking protection. One of the five U.S. commissioners, Brendan Carr, former aide to Ajit Pai, shared a letter sent to CEOs at Apple and Alphabet alleging that TikTok functions as a sophisticated surveillance tool and does not comply with app store policies of either company. Carr asked each company to provide statements on why the app was allowed to remain up by July 8th. U.S. District Judge William Orrick in San Francisco ruled that former Uber Chief Security Officer, Joseph Sullivan, will face wire fraud charges over an alleged role in trying to cover up a 2016 cyber attack that leaked information on millions of drivers. Prosecutors alleged that Sullivan agreed to pay the attackers $100,000 in Bitcoin and signed nondisclosure agreements saying that they didn't steal the data. Uber settled claims by all 50 U.S. states regarding the data leak back in 2018 for $148 million. I just realized something. Brendan Carr should have read his letter on TikTok and then put it out there for duets. He would have gotten even more people paying attention to it. Nothing confirmed to input that its upcoming phone will use Qualcomm's Snapdragon 778G Plus system on a chip, that's the mid-range one, customized to offer wireless charging and reverse wireless charging. Founder Carl Pay said the decision to use a mid-range chip came down to performance, power consumption, and of course, cost. The central bank of Taiwan has reportedly finished trials of its central bank digital currency and is ready to make it available for public retail use. No timeline was announced for the rollout, however. Taiwan's central bank governors said that the public must be educated about the benefits and a legal regulatory framework must be put in place before launch. But the technology itself is ready. Ooh, CBDCs, you know, because you listen to this show, you know they're on the way. Here comes another one. All right, let's talk about those subscription services I mentioned. Well, why not? Let's start with Snap. They began offering a $3.99 a month subscription called Snapchat Plus because everyone uses Plus now. Anyway, offering exclusive and early access features currently it lets you change the app icon, see who's rewatched your stories, and pin a friend to the top of the chat history. Snap does not expect this to be much of a material new revenue source. That's an actual quote. And expects ads will remain, quote, the core of our business model. Note that this subscription does not remove ads. Nevertheless, subscriptions are all the rage. Snap's latest effort joins Twitter's premium service, Twitter Blue. Telegram's got their Telegram premium and there's always been or has been for quite a while, Nitro from Discord as examples of popular services that are free, but charged for little extra features here and there. So let's go through some of these offerings and talk about who they might be for. Yeah, yeah, because honestly, everybody says they want a subscription that removes ads. So Snap not doing that, I think, is going to raise my eyebrows. Twitter Blue is only $3 a month, slightly cheaper than Snap's $4 a month. It does not remove ads. It removes ads from articles you click on from partners, which is very limited. But it does give you custom app icons. Duolingo does this too. I pay for Duolingo for other reasons, but it does things like custom app icons. There's also themes, top articles. You get UndoTweet. I guess that's the big one. Yeah, that's the one that's supposed to be the big one. Real quick, I just wanted to say that the UndoTweet feature is horribly implemented and we can talk about that later. Well, you mentioned Discord Nitro Scott and I know a lot of folks who pay for this. It's 99 per month with a server boost. Otherwise, $5 a month without. You get sort of the same type of expanded and custom emoji options. You can have an animated avatar. Let's you stand out a little bit. Profile badges. If you want to upload something, anything above 100 megabytes is allowed if you've got Nitro. And you also have that capability to do HD video and screen share. I don't know a ton of folks who use Discord for HD video, but I know you're out there. So this actually seems like one of the offerings that makes the most sense to me. If you're really into Discord. Doesn't let you change the app icon, though. What good is it? Oh man, for Net 10 Box, they should let you change that. Very good point. Actually, Larry Daletta at our chat points out, you can just use Nova Launcher to change any app icon. You don't have to pay anybody for it. Anyway, Telegram Premium rolled out June 19th. That one's $5 a month. It actually removes ads. So that's one that people might go, yeah, that's enough, I'll do that. Also increases your download top level from two to four gigabytes, offers faster downloads, doubles a lot of things like the amount of channels you can have, chat folders, favorites, accounts on an app. You can do nice little cosmetic things like Longer Bio. Also does voice to text if you pay for it. And then lots of other like GIFs and stickers and badges and app icons that are specific to premium, but no ads. That is nice. I will say this, the one problem I have with Twitter is that they're inconsistent with their implementation. And these other two examples, and you could add others to this like YouTube Premium and others that are more web-based services, but they have apps and so on. So you know, you could argue what those are, but my problem with Twitter blue was, and I used it for a month, I was really curious. And I thought, well, I'll pay for this, if this is gonna be beneficial to me. And the number one thing there was undo tweet. And the promise there was, you'll be able to not only undo the tweet. Yeah, it's what everyone on Twitter's been asking for for, you know, since 2007. Next to the edit button. Yeah, next to the edit button. That's the best thing, right? Yeah, in fact, this is the thing people say, well, if you're not gonna give us edit, give us this. So it's there on mobile, it's horrendous. You'd use this feature and it sends you somewhere completely different than where you originally were. Now, they may have fixed this in the last month, but I couldn't get off of that thing fast and it was, it drove me crazy. The web implementation, totally fine. No issues, worked as designed. So I feel like they fumbled a little bit on their subscription because their number one selling feature was just kind of borked on mobile. But Nitro, I get Nitro and wasn't sure about it until I got it. I thought, well, what's the harm in doing the free trial? And I ended up sticking with it just for larger uploads, not even HD video so much, although that's a decent advantage when you're doing conference with people or whatever, but larger than 100 megabyte files is massive compared to what they give you as the default service. So I think it just sort of depends on what you weight as an important feature. And in telegrams case, maybe it is no ads and Twitter's case, maybe it is undo and maybe in Nitro's case, their big selling point, at least to me, is the less limits on size of files, but subscriptions are clearly the future, folks. We're here, we're doing it, we're going. That said though, I mean, when I'm looking at what Snapchat Plus is offering, and granted, I haven't used Snapchat in any regular capacity for years now. It's just, I'm just kind of off the platform, even though I check in once in a while, but I go, all right, changing app icon, that might matter to you. See who rewatch stories starts to get a little weird to me, unless you're a brand and that is really good intel for you to have of who might be coming back to this content that you're offering that is designated to promote something over and over, otherwise it's like, this is kind of starts to get into weird territory. Pending a friend to the top of a chat history, okay. I mean, none of this sounds like something I would pay $4 a month for. But again, not the target audience and I haven't been for some time. It's interesting what some of these platforms do. And in Snaps case, I mean, it said quite frankly, we don't really think this is gonna bring up in a bunch of monies. You might go, well, why did the company even bother? I think they just wanna see who pays because maybe they're wrong. It's really interesting. I think your rights, Scott, that subscriptions are on the way. I don't know which of these are actually more successful, but I can tell you Discord and Telegram's list looked to my eyes like they paid attention to features people were asking for and provided those. Whereas Twitter and Snap looked like they came up with features they wanted to make or sort of tried to come up with easy stuff they could sell. And both Twitter and Snap say, well, this really isn't the final form. This is really just a test. We're really just trying things out. Whereas Discord and Telegram are like, this is our subscription product, please, if it sounds compelling, subscribe. So you can tell the difference in those lists. Yeah, I do think it's interesting that most of them come down to one or two things that will grab people. Whereas the rest feels really fluffy, even in Discord's case, it's like, do I really need animated avatars? I guess it's nice perk if you're paying and you may as well use it, but is it really that big a deal? More emojis? I mean, really, we got thousands of them. Do we really need more? Like a lot of these don't sell me until I see one item. Larger uploads and HD screen share. Those are the two that got me. And then the other stuff make you feel like you're getting more for your money. Like I wouldn't have paid for the emojis, but oh, it's nice to have this one right now that I wouldn't have it. And that's what I'm saying is I feel like Snap is missing whenever that is. Snap is only the fluffy stuff. Yeah, it's all fluff. All right, well, let's talk about riding bicycles. Shall we? I don't currently own a bicycle. I wish I did because riding a bike is fun. But if you have one, there are a lot of advantages. You can weave through otherwise stopped traffic if you live in an urban area. It's good exercise, it's fun. And you only emit a small amount of CO2 that you're exhaling from your body while you're riding your bike. That's true, we are all carbon emitters. There are lots of reasons why more people don't ride bikes though. And one of them in most parts of the world is theft. When you get to your destination, you either have to take your bike with you inside. I used to do that at some of the places I worked. Or go through quite a bit to secure it with multiple locks or even wheel removal. Make one mistake and your bike might be gone or mostly gone, everything, but that one wheel might be left when you get back. Yeah, this is, in certain places, a pretty rampant problem. In fact, a friend of mine just had a real nice bike stolen from his garage at home and was not happy, understandably. MIT Technology Review has an article about a startup called UNI, that's O-O-N-E-E, that's developing a kit for modular parking pods that can securely, so they say, store eight to 80 bicycles at a time. Even scooters, because scooters are, you know, more or less the same form factor. If you wanna protect your bike from rain and snow, also a nice bonus, depending on where you live. Writers can use a key card or a smartphone to unlock a pod, each of which have a security camera. So the implication is that it is safe, and if it isn't safe, we'll know who did it. Membership is free and includes insurance against theft. So you might say, cool, sounds great. How does UNI make money? The company says it sells ads on the outside of the pod structures. Of course it does. Oh, like a park bench kind of thing. Right, and listen, that's not a terrible idea. It's just, you know, we're not reinventing the wheel. UNI launched in New York City and Jersey City, both in New Jersey, a state in the US, and has about 4,000 users with plans to expand. So it's a small amount of folks at this point, but man, if you're a bicyclist, this might really appeal to you. Yeah, I thought they were in New York, but I may be wrong about that. One thing I definitely was wrong about is I thought these were locks. And Roger told me in the pre-show meeting, he's like, no, I think you have to provide your unlock. And he was absolutely right. If you go to the fact, they're like, yeah, you get access to the pod, then you lock the bike up. So really the theft prevention here is making it another step to get to your bike. You have to unlock the pod. So I'm not sure how safe this is because anybody can have a free membership and unlock the pod and then get at your bike, which is just using the same lock that you were using before. Now granted, they're adding security cameras and they're ensuring your bike. So they're putting their money where their mouth is. And I guess that means they think it's enough of a dissuasion to have that camera there and the extra step of having to get into the pod that it'll keep people from stealing it. But I thought this was gonna be a lot more ironclad. I had imagined when I first saw the headline that this would be a single pod, you'd put your bike in, someone would have to break into the pod to even get at your bike. Instead, it's more of just like a bike rack locked behind a door. Yeah, at the very least, I thought maybe the pods would have a way to isolate your bike and lock it in place as part of the functionality of the pod. Instead, what they're really just saying is, well, what if you still locked your bike but you did it within the storage container? I mean, that's really the difference here. Yeah, that sounds, which is sure, that's one more level of protection. If somebody really wants to steal a bike quickly, they might go, eh, the pod is too complicated, I'll find another bike. And I know in San Francisco in particular, I mean, the bike theft issue, I know this happens a lot of other places. I mean, it's such a big deal. It's people go through so many hoops to try to make sure that their bike is not stolen, even if it's securely locked up in a garage where nobody has the key to your garage. I mean, theft happens. And so I feel like the promise of these pods is like, well, that's cool, but all somebody has to do is figure out how to get into the pod. And then it's the same story and that would be the same case if it was in the foyer of your apartment building. Yeah, if anything, anytime somebody comes by and opens the pod to get their bike normal, pod access to get your bike back, you are at least temporarily saying, here's an open pod full of all these bikes. Also, it's a free membership. Anybody can create an account and say whatever they want on the account, use a burner phone and get in and get the bikes. So I don't know. I think what I do like about UNI is that they are trying to force the conversation about bicycle parking and saying like, look, when you build a building, you talk all kinds of ways about how are the cars gonna get in and out, where are they gonna park? Nobody talks about bicycle parking. Everybody builds bike lanes and doesn't do any bicycle parking. So I like the fact that they are at least doing that. So maybe if you focus less on the theft and more on just the idea of like comfortable out of the rain bicycle parking, this is worth it right there, especially because again, it's free. They're subsidizing it with ads. And I imagine they get a little money from the city to install these too. Yeah, maybe pretty them up. They're kind of bulky and ugly. I'm just, you know, I'm not trying to do that. Really? I thought they look kind of nice. They look okay. They just look like they're just long. What do you think they look all right? Here's the thing. It's like those communication containers that they just plop down in Chinese cities and say, all right, you have internet and it's just kind of a big ugly gnarly blob. Oh no, I thought they had like nice rounded corners and look kind of spacey. I don't know. It looks like something dropped cargo. You're the designer though, so I know I'm wrong. It looks like dropped cargo from a plane or something. I don't know. I can't tell how I feel about that yet. I also, I do not condone theft of any kind, particularly bicycle theft. And I wonder where, you know, like what's the big bicycle black market? Because clearly bikes are being stolen to be sold. And I just don't know. Like I don't know who are the people that are all involved in something where it's so lucrative to steal bikes all the time. Yeah, I often wonder that myself, but I also just accept that it's absolutely true because bikes are stolen all the time. Yeah, it must be a big old market, some kind of something going on there. Or it's just steel for use. I can't afford a bike. So I'm just gonna take one. Could be. Yeah, yeah. Well, folks, what do you think about this? Do you think this solves bike theft? Are you living in New York City or Jersey Sissy? And you've been used one of these. Let us know on the socials. You can get in touch with us on Twitter at DTNSShow and on Instagram, DTNSPix, DTNSPIX. We are happy to hear from you. Please do it. Bloomberg reports that in February, 2019, a container ship bound for New York detected a malware attack on its ship systems. Now, fully autonomous ships are just beginning to be tested, so it wasn't like they could take over a boat without any people on it. But many cargo ships have automated systems for steering, propulsion, navigation, and other operations. Thankfully, the February intruder never gained control of the vessel's movements, at least not that time. But attacks can hit ports, not just ships. India's busiest container port suffered a ransomware attack this past February. That same month, a targeted attack against a freight forwarder in Washington critically affected its systems for about three weeks. And in May, a supply chain company in California temporarily lost access to its asset management platform. I mean, couldn't tell where its stuff was supposed to be. A security company called Blue Voyant surveyed shipping companies and found 93% of them had suffered a direct breach with the average number of intrusions rising from 2.7 per company in 2020 to 3.7 last year. And that affects our logistics quite a bit because around 80% of global trade goes by sea. You may think about trucks, you may think about planes, but most of it's going by sea. So there's a large and lucrative surface area for attack. The good news is shipping companies have money to spend right now and are equipping their fleets and new ships with real time tracking devices and sensors that can connect to the shore and report problems instantly. The bad news is all those sensors and connectivity provide another avenue of attack and also need to be secured, not to mention the shore based systems that need to be secured. In order to secure new tech, especially in older vessels the UN's international maritime organization has issued some guidelines for safety and security for companies to adopt. They issued that starting in 2021. They aren't exactly pleased with the uptake though. The challenge at sea is the same as it is on land. Companies may not take a threat seriously until it happens to them. And the reason they wanna rationalize that is because the cost and time it takes to implement proper security is not small. It makes it hard for those arguing for preventative measures. So there's that. And then like every other industry we also need more communication. We need companies to share information on attackers with each other so they can all prevent the attacks. And companies just aren't used to sharing information with each other easily. So it's kind of the same story we have on land. It's just also at sea because connectivity is reaching out into the ocean. Also seems like you, I know there are shipping lanes and certain, you can't just kind of willy-nilly go wherever you want in terms of international waters and that sort of thing. I'm surprised to hear that it's 80% of global trade happening there, but then that, knowing that that much is happening, that much is being transported via water and then have the companies act like, well, we're not really, we'll wait until it happens to us. I mean, I know they're not saying that, but they're not reacting. But dragging their feet, but we've seen that with every company. The reason it happens with a sea company is no different than the reason it happens with your bank or credit bureau or whatever, right? Yeah, that's true. I guess what I'm saying is it seems like, I don't know, for some reason I'm thinking of space, forgive me for one second, when we get to space, I always go, man, all these ideas of space pirates, that's so overblown. There's so much room up there that you're never gonna have to go anywhere where someone's gonna know where you are. You'll always have it to yourself. Sure. And then I hear this about the water and I'm like, it's kind of like that on a smaller scale. So maybe it is a thing we should think about and worry about. Well, because two things. One is you do the attack when it's coming into port. So you can keep track of the ports a lot easier than the routes in between, right? Sure, sure. And with the connectivity, you don't have to be next to it. True. You just need to be able to get to it over the internet. And if it's always connected, that means you can always get to it. Yeah, I mean, if you're a large container ship carrying something that somebody might want and the port, even if you knew, oh shoot, the port I'm coming right into is getting attacked right now. It's like, what are your options? There aren't really. I mean, you have a path. That's the way you got to go because nobody else can accept you on demand. And I don't know, that might be something that changes in the future, especially with autonomous cargo ships. But at this point, I think it's, yeah, I mean, it's a real problem. I think the risk is less that somebody wants to get the cargo, although I think that is a risk, but more ransomware. Ransomware is where it's at, right? So I'm going to lock up this ship and I don't know, maybe I'll send it off on a course somewhere else if it's autonomous, but even if I can just lock it off so that the crew can't properly operate it, until you transfer X number of Bitcoin into my account and then I'll unlock it. Oh yeah. Yeah. That's interesting. I don't know, this stuff kind of fascinates me because it's not like we haven't been, you know, we've been doing this for hundreds of years, like shipping lanes and ports of call and everybody bringing in their stuff and it's been there as long as we've had boats and seafaring technology, but I do think it's, I don't know, weirdly time that that all got in line with really great security options, not just in the ports, but on the ships themselves. And if I was in charge of any of that, I would want to do it sooner than later. As long as we've had ships, we've had pirates. So I guess this shouldn't surprise it. Also, I want to apologize for using the word boat improperly at the beginning of this conversation. I knew it as soon as it came out of my mouth. Sorry. Oh, because a ship and a boat are different. I called cargo ship a boat in passing. Yeah. Like two ships that pass in the night, actually. Our seafaring audience supports and accepts your apology, Tom. Thank you. My dad was in the Navy, he would be appalled. There you go. Yeah, mine was too. On Tuesday, NASA's rocket lab successfully launched the 55 pound capstone CubeSat, which is designed to orbit the moon eventually. This is part of NASA's Artemis mission to send humans to the moon for the first time since 1972. We have been talking about it for a while, y'all. And people are getting close. Rocket lab used an electron rocket with an add-on called the lunar photon upper stage, which has the power to send it into deep space. Electron is a small rocket. It's made to launch a payload to lunar orbit. That's what it's made for. It launched from rocket lab site in New Zealand's Mahia Peninsula. And rocket lab told TechCrunch recently that it's the highest mass and the highest performance electron has ever had to fly by quite some margin. So they're pretty happy with the results. Capstone will orbit Earth for nine days. That's in order to generate enough speed for a trans-lunar injection or TLI. And if all goes to plan, it will eventually be able to orbit the moon. The Gateway Space Station is the next mission that would be SpaceX delivering it as a science lab and living quarters for astronauts and ports for future spacecraft. Yeah, so a couple of things going on here. The electron rocket itself is pretty cool. And the Capstone being a tiny little CubeSat out there pioneering the orbit for the eventual SpaceX delivery of the Gateway Space Station. Pretty cool as well. Here we go. No space pirates yet. Yeah, not yet. We've had since 72 to work on this. Hopefully we have a few ideas. Yeah, it does. I've been very skeptical of the Artemis mission, but it's starting to look like maybe it'll happen. We might actually see people set their feet on the moon again, which is pretty exciting. Well, y'all have fun up there. Oh yeah, that's right. Sarah ain't going. It'll not be Sarah's feet. I'm not going to the moon. You let me know if it's fun and if it's made of Swiss cheese, that's all I care about. Yes, over in the mail bag Thor from Bohr. Thor says it's sunny and delightful in Bohr, Norway this time of year. Thor says just wanted to add on to the tips on what to do when you want to avoid tracking data while still using helpful tools on your phone. This is a conversation that we had with Lamar Wilson on the show yesterday. Thor says maps.me can download maps offline to your phone. That allows you to turn off all communication, but you can still route with GPS. Since GPS is the only one-way communication because you get data from satellites, but you're not sending anything back, you can get directions without sharing your data. Maps.me can store a log of your location history locally, but that's a feature that's off by default, although it is a feature. But if you really want to be sure you may want to wipe the app's data after you're done using it. And Thor finishes by saying, sorry for not waiting until Thursday. I hope Scott can forgive me. I'm emailing from a Viking market if that helps. Okay, so it's an old, we made a reference last week, just briefly about Thor and Thursday. And I think only about half of you got it because it was a very quick little quippy dumb idea. I'm just kidding. I actually didn't, full disclosure. I was like, I needed the joke explained. Thursday is named after Thor, Thor's day. Yeah, it's Thor's day. It's Thor's day, yes. But today is Odin's day, Wednesday. Yeah, yeah. But it's okay. We could still read Thor's email on Odin's day. And Thor might be listening by Thursday. That's right. So it all works. Very good point, very good point. Also, very good tip from Thor. We should not lose sight of that. This is, maps.me is great. Obviously if you have GPS on, you want to make sure nothing else on the phone is also taking that location and logging it any of your other apps. So you want to limit the other apps. But great, great idea to use that and just say like, you don't even log my location but now I could still use it for navigation. Thank you, Thor, for that. That's awesome. Indeed, Thor, you're the best. If you have feedback, if you have tips, if you have questions, anything we talk about on the show, we would love to hear about it. Feedback at dailytechnewshow.com is where to send that email. Thanks to you, Scott Johnson, for being with us today. Even if it's not Thor's day, it's always a great day with Scott. What's been going on since we saw your last? Well, lots of stuff. I'm going to tell people to make sure they check out my core video game podcast called Core. It's all about video games for the modern era, whether we're talking about consoles or PCs or whatever. And the reason I want to point you there is because for whatever reason, that show has been popping, new listeners all the time, all kinds of great conversations that everybody keeps telling me how much they love it. So I believe them. And if you want to be like them and find out for yourselves and you're a gamer and you want more and better gaming podcasts, check out Core everywhere you get your podcasts or if you want to get there directly, just head on over to the website. It's at frogpants.com slash C-O-R-E, that's core. And for everything else, ping me on Twitter. I'm Scott Johnson over there. Excellent. We always thank new bosses when we get them and we thank longtime supporters. And sometimes somebody gives us a raise and we'd like to thank them as well. So we'd like to thank our boss, Brian, who did give us a raise. Brian sent in a real nice note that Cameron, his son, has been enjoying good day internet and we're happy to have them along for the ride. Apparently Cameron was the one who said, you know, I should give him a raise. So Brian did. We also would like to shout out Jackie the dog as well because Brian sent in a dog photo and that is 100% appreciated at all times. Yeah, as I understand it, Brian said, you've got $5, who do you want to give it to? And we were the first choice. So really Cameron's a new boss, if you look at it that way. Indeed. Yeah, so yes. Let's thank our brand new boss, Cameron. Thank you brand new boss, Cameron and Jackie. Yeah, yeah, could be you tomorrow. Are you gonna be the next boss? Let's find out. Speaking of good day internet, GDI rolls right after we wrap up DTNS. If you wanna know more, patreon.com slash DTNS is where you can find out. Just a reminder, we do the show live Monday through Friday for PM Eastern, 200 UTC, find out more at dailytechnoshow.com slash live. We are back again tomorrow because we do it every weekday. Justin, Robert Young will be with us then. Talk to you soon. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. I hope you have enjoyed this program.