 Neglected tropical diseases are gaining attention from governments, researchers, and healthcare professionals around the world. These diseases were first identified in 2005 and include parasitic worms, bacteria, protozoans, and ectoparasites. The number of diseases has increased to over 40, including viruses, fungi, and other pathogens. The diseases are prevalent in developing nations, but can affect people in developed countries as well. They cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in children. Diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can be challenging, so it is important for physicians to be aware of them. This review provides an overview of the most important neglected tropical diseases, their causes, global distribution, and current knowledge gaps. It also discusses common diagnostics and treatments, with a focus on two specific diseases, strongeloid diocese and leptospirosis. Finally, it outlines the importance of these diseases for both individuals and populations, and how they should be managed by physicians. This article was authored by Jurg Utzinger, Soren Elbecker, Stephanie Knopp, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.