 Hello everyone, this is Shila Ratna Bansode from Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur. As a part of industrial product design curriculum, we are going to see the current topic that is elements of product design. The learning outcomes, students will be able to describe different elements of product design. As far as product design is concerned, there are certain basic elements which adds to the appeal appearance and as to also the functionality of that particular product. Now, what are those elements we will look into details. The first elements of design, the elements of design create beautiful designs in understanding the fundamentals of the subject. They have an impact of how a piece of work is perceived, executed and used. A solid fundamental understanding of the particular product is done with the help of elements of design. Why a designer has given a particular shape, a particular color, a particular texture to that particular design, we should be able to understand. So elements of design plays a vital role in the appearance as well as functionality of that particular product. Moving on further, elements of design are first is line, the basic one, then we have form, then we have shape, we have texture, color and space. So these are some of the important elements of design that needs to be included in a particular design, one or all to get a better successful product. Let us move further and look into details one by one. The first and the foremost is line, it is the most basic element of design. We can define line as path of moving point in space or locus of points, almost everything can be conveyed by line. When I say almost everything can be conveyed by line, let us have a look what emotions, what feelings can be conveyed with a line. To name some, I have listed below the direction, rhythm, angularity, weight and style. So all these emotions and few more can be conveyed by a single line only by changing its weight that is thickness, its direction or inclination. Let us see each example. Now direction, a horizontal line looks stable and when you place an object onto it, we feel that this object is resting on this horizontal line. So this gives a feeling of stability or a person resting on a horizontal surface, resting flat on a horizontal surface. This gives a sense of restfulness effect or a sense of stability by merely drawing a horizontal line. Then we have a vertical line, vertical line suggests weight, it defines gravity. So vertical lines define that the existence of gravity. A downward inclined line shows a descent, a moving downwards slope or gradually decreasing in this fashion. So it defines decline. Then a line inclined upwards shows improvement, ascent, growing up, improvement and so on in this way. Because merely changing the inclination of the line, we can change the emotion or idea being conveyed by the line. Similar is here. By changing the direction, a horizontal line suggests stability, a vertical line suggests gravity or weight. We can also suggest as far as clothing is concerned, a person wearing a shirt with vertical lining is considered or looks quite active. The vertical lines make the person look active or he is made to look active. So this is the effect of lines. We look further. Then rhythm, a cyclic movement, you can see a sinusoidal wave like structure, a rhythmic structure creates created by a curving line, a curvature line. A dotted line is for many purposes to show hidden lines as far as engineering drawing is concerned and so on. So orderly or predictable, a smooth rhythm as you can see over here. This is zigzag or random or rhythmic, disordered, unpredictable. You cannot predict it pattern. Here you can predict the pattern in this way. Here you can predict the pattern. So this is unpredictable. We have weight. As I mentioned, the thickness of lines, the more the thickness of line, the more the aggressiveness or angry feature is being delivered by that particular line. Then you can look at this word mentioned over here, danger. The bold danger, the font with bold written catches the eye more easily, emphasis more easily the idea of danger than this. So weight of line or thickness of line conveys the idea more easily or it catches the attention more easily. Then we have style of line. So dotted lines in this way or dot, dot in this way conveys cut section as far as engineering drawing is concerned. This kind of shape suggests speed or motion. It is mostly on automobile graphics. You can see such kind of shapes, such kind of drawings. This kind of drawing or this kind of line suggests handwritten or drawn. Scratch work like line moving on. Then we have shapes. As we all know, all objects have shapes or made up of shapes. All design elements are in certain kind of shape. Shape are a part of form. Shape is a 2D mostly or in some cases it might go to 3D. Shape has line, it has color, it can have texture or also it can have movement in space. Shapes are classified into two forms. One is geometric and the other is organic. Geometric are drawn with the help of ruler, compass or digital instruments. So whatever shape you draw with the help of these drawing instruments are called as geometric shapes. And organic shapes are those that are found in nature or drawn by hand. The shape of a stone, irregular shape of a stone is organic. The shape of a tree is an organic. So shapes are organic as well as geometric. There are certain rules that are conveyed by different shapes. If you want to convey stability and confidence, the rectangles and squares are used or squares and rectangles convey a sense of stability and confidence. Less stable but more dynamic, we go for triangles, pentagons, hexagons, octagons, trapezoidal, parallelograms, cones and pyramids. Less stable but more dynamic. Visually interesting are unequal proportions. If there is an unequal proportion, it catches the attention very easily. Then less visually interesting. Equal proportions like circles, square, sphere and cube are very much less attractive as compared to the unequal proportions. And security shapes that fit together tightly like squares, hexagons, diamonds, triangles, parallelograms and rectangles. Then variety can be suggested by the shapes that leave spaces. Octagon, star, circle are the shapes that suggest variety. These are some of the shapes that you know. This is a circle, this is a square, a pentagon, a hexagon and this is an organic shape. Then form, everything possesses a form in a way or other. Forms are mostly 3D and are created by combining shapes and enhanced by color or texture. These are the different forms as you can see in shape. This is a circular shape but when you get a cylinder out of it, it is a form. A square shape but when you make a cube out of it, it is a form. A organic form that is available in nature. Then we have texture. How a person feels a texture or how you perceive to feel or you are made to feel when you touch a particular surface is nothing but texture. Texture has a power to attract or distract the viewers. If the texture is appealing, you are attracted towards it or else you are not. It can be applied to lines, shapes and forms. There are two types of textures, one is tactile texture and visual texture. Tactile textures are 3 dimensional and a visual texture is a photo of the tactile structure. Then we have color. Color is the hardest element of design to harness and most challenging to understand. Slight variety in the change in color changes the idea being conveyed. It gives emphasis to specific areas or actions. You saturation and lightness are the properties with which colors are defined or colors can be worked upon. Different cultures have different connotations for colors as well. When you see a machine, its foundation is colored in dark and its upper body is colored in light to suggest the heaviness at the bottom. So this is how color can be used. Now primary colors are red, yellow and blue. Secondary colors are green, orange and purple. By mixing primary and secondary colors, tertiary colors are formed. So orange, red orange, red purple, blue purple, blue green and yellow green. Then psychology of color. There is an emotional association of color and the person. Color suggests or encourages actions. A red color suggests danger, a blue color suggests calmness. Color also suggests genders like blue for boys. Thank you.