 This app.py file contains code for a Flask web application designed for processing and visualizing EEG, electroencephalogram, data. The application includes functionalities for filtering, denoising, and analyzing EEG signals. Here's a brief overview of its key components. Imports and setup. The script imports necessary libraries, Flask, NumPy, SciPy, Pandas, PyWavids, and SciGridLearn, and sets up the Flask application. Data loading. It loads EEG data from a text file, with parameters to control the start time, duration, and frequency sampling, FS. Signal processing functions. Butter underscore bandpass and butter underscore bandpass underscore filter. Implement a bandpass filter using a butwith filter. Wavled denoise. Denoises the signal using Wavled Transform if enabled. Flask groups. Serves the main page of the application. Get underscore data. Handles requests to process and return EEG data. It allows for extracting segments of the EEG signal based on start time and window size, applying filters, and generating power spectral density, PSD, plots for different frequency bands, delta, theta, alpha, beta. It also supports Wavled based denoising and provides metrics like signal to noise ratio, SNR, and mean squared error, MSE. Main execution. The script runs the Flask application in debug mode when executed directly. The application seems focused on providing a user-friendly interface for EEG data analysis, suitable for research or educational purposes in neurosciences or biomedical engineering. This index, HTML file is the main page for a web application that visualises EEG, electro and cephalogram data. The structure and content of the page suggests a user-friendly and interactive platform with various features for EEG data analysis and conversion to music. Here's a breakdown of the key elements. Head section. Metatags, set properties for social media sharing and SEO. Title, EEG data visualisation. Starsheets, includes links to starsheets for page styling. JavaScript libraries, a reference to the Plotli library for creating interactive graphs. Body section. Header, contains a navigation bar with links to home, about, and contact pages, and a logo for the project name, Barna Chaos. Main content. Controls panel, users can interact with various controls to manipulate EEG data visualisation, weighted denoising options. Selection of weighted types and levels. Detrend toggle. Hole spectrum display option. Frequency scale and filter order selectors. Channel selection and window size adjustment for data viewing. Visualisation area, divided into sections for displaying the raw EEG signal and its frequency spectrum. Output section displays the signal to noise ratio, SNR, and mean square error, MSE, of the processed EEG data. EEG to music converter section. Describe the features and functionalities of the EEG to music converter, including file scrolling, channel selection, window size selection, and various toggle options for detailed analysis. Provides insights into the output visualisations like the raw signal chart and spectrum chart. Includes technical details and data source information, acknowledging the use of publicly available neurovista intracranial EEG data. Scripts. Custom. This JavaScript file is for a web application that visualises and converts EEG data into sound. It's structured to respond to user interactions and fetch data accordingly. Here's a breakdown of its key functionalities. Initialisation, the script waits for the DOM to be fully loaded before executing. It initialises various UI elements like sliders, toggles, and selectors. Configuration. It sets up the API endpoint and checks whether the app is running in a production environment. Eventlessness. Various elements like the file scroller, channel selector, window size input, and others have eventlessness attached to them. These listeners trigger the fetch data and render function, which fetches new data based on the current UI settings and updates the visualisations. Data fetching and rendering. Fetch data and render function makes an API call with the current settings and processes the returned data. It updates two plotly graphs, one for the raw EEG signal and another for the frequency spectrum. Signal to noise ratio, SNR, and mean square error, MSE, values are updated. Audio context initialisation. For the EEG to music conversion feature, an audio context is used to play sound. EEG data to music conversion. Play sound based on EEG data, converts the current EEG data to sound. Map EEG data to notes, maps EEG data to musical notes based on the power in different EEG bands, delta, theta, alpha, beta. Play frequency. Plays a frequency as sound using a web audio API. Utility functions. Functions like normalised power, get node range, map power to note, and note to frequency are used to aid in converting EEG data to music. In summary, this script enables a dynamic interactive web application where users can visualise EEG data, adjust parameters like channel, window size, filters, and convert the EEG data into music based on various parameters. The application appears to be well suited for educational, research, or exporter purposes in fields like neuroscience and bioengineering. We list all the magic numbers in all the pieces of code provided above. Yep. Certainly. Magic numbers and numerical values with unexplained meaning directly used in source code. They can make the code less readable and more difficult to maintain. Here's a list of magic numbers found in the provided code snippets. 400 in FS equals 400. 31,610 in start underscore time underscore in underscore seconds equals 31,610. 100 in duration underscore to underscore load underscore in underscore seconds equals 100. 10 in duration underscore to underscore display underscore initially underscore in underscore seconds equals 10. 0.5 in NYQ equals 0.5 asterisk FS. 2 in multiplier equals 2. 50 in band underscore ranges and filtered underscore data, the upper frequency limit for each band. 0 to 10 in less than input type equals range id equals levels name equals levels min equals 0 max equals 10 value equals 5 greater than. 1 to 100 in less than input type equals range id equals window size input min equals 1 max equals 100 step equals 1 value equals 10 greater than. 0.03 in play frequency frequency volume equals 0.03 duration equals 2. 0. Okay. We have those in Python script. Magic numbers, actually not magic numbers. We don't leave those alone. In the index HTML we have levels going up to 10. We actually want to test this going up to a double. Let's see what difference to the noise reduction. It does makes now in JavaScript yet those months the volume and duration we want to either control automatically or have a controller sliders on the front page. 0.03 in play frequency volume equals 0.03 duration equals 2. 0 10 50 in fetch data and render specifically in the loop filtering the spectrum data. 12 in note to frequency as part of the formula to calculate frequency from a musical note. 49 in note to frequency as part of the formula to calculate frequency from a musical note. 440 in note to frequency the frequency of the note A4 standard reference pitch. 10,000 in the script tag for Google AdSense is a delay time for script loading. It's good practice to replace these magic numbers with name constants which makes the code more readable and maintainable. For example fs equals 400 to be replaced with a descriptive name like sampling underscore frequency equals 400. We can leave it fs that's for sampling frequency that should be fine. And we have this focusing on volume and duration. My second just remembered that we might have already done. So we want to control volume, we want to link volume to the whole spectrum, the energy of the whole spectrum. I'm pretty sure we did it yesterday or did we just ask GPT to do it but didn't actually implement it. Check the code quickly. We had a volume. It's set to default. So we didn't implement that code from yesterday to do it now. Essentially the idea is to control the volume by the whole spectrum even though it might be problematic as... Sorry for that. So we have this seizure in this recording so it might be just very soft before and after the seizure in channel 14. So if we map amplitude to the power in the whole spectrum it would just become very loud during seizure over there. So before seizure we have the power going up to 500 and during seizure it's going up to 8000. Just the effect of the different window size. This power number should really be... We do normalize it somewhere from 0 to 1. That's not what displayed on screen. So if you have any ideas of how to control the volume, the volume at the moment is always the same. We can try it quickly. The other option is to just give the user control of volume and duration. So focusing on volume and duration we would like to have two options. I would the user select the raw, the actual value of each using an input on the front panel. We also want an option to automate volume and duration. For example we might link volume to the power in the whole spectrum of the EG and duration could be linked to the window size. You would need to modify both the front end, HTML and the JavaScript code of your application. Here's a breakdown of how you can achieve this. Use an input for volume and duration, add. Add input elements to allow users to manually set the volume and duration for the audio playback. For example HTML elements, HTML copycode less than label free equals volume input greater than volume less than label greater than. Less than input type equals range id equals volume input min equals 0 max equals 1 step equals 0.01 inches value equals 0.03 greater than. Less than label free equals duration input greater than duration seconds less than label greater than. Less than input type equals range id equals duration input min equals 1 max equals 10 step equals 1 value equals 2 greater than. Add toggle switches to enable or disable the automated setting of volume and duration. For example HTML elements, HTML copycode less than label class equals switch greater than. Less than input type equals checkbox, id equals auto volume toggle greater than. Less than span class equals slide around greater than less than span greater than. Less than label greater than. Less than label free equals auto volume toggle greater than auto volume less than label greater than. Less than get the values from the input elements for volume and duration. If auto volume is enabled calculate the volume based on the power in the whole spectrum of the EEG. If auto duration is enabled, link the duration to the window size selected by the user. Before playing the sound check if the auto volume or auto duration is enabled and use the respective values. For example, this approach allows users to manually set volume and duration or opt for automated settings based on EEG data characteristics offering a more dynamic and interactive experience. This code obviously it's not enough, it's not going to do the whole thing on the front page. So all those are available in another application. So put them down at the bottom. So everything from a window to noise. Calling it music and not sound because we're actually using musical notes, musical notation. Let's turn the whole spectrum back on by default. It's a simple task for a GitHub co-pilot. Everything past the wavelet in noise. It will split the controls into two sections. It's already split. Place wavelet in noise below the bottom. Shard, same as the whole spectrum. That's what we have. Change the label. Easy to music. Channel number. Select the channel number. Window size. Makes a big difference. And the file scroller. It's the main controller. Where's the scroll? Under this scroll we want another control. We have volume and duration. And some default values. We added these two switches as well. That's what they look like. So we have the volume. Doesn't really fit the screen. Maybe it should look like this. Should we turn it on by default? Let's try the manual volume control first. Currently it's all the same volume. We get values from the HTML into the JavaScript code. Here's a good place for it. Calculate. We need another function. Volume should be linked to the whole spectrum. We need those two functions. The eG power in the whole spectrum should be... What's this value here? That's the whole eG. We can set the volume manually. If you touch this scroller, the toggle button should turn off. We don't have it yet, but that could be a better way of implementing it. When you turn it on, it should take the overall energy for the whole spectrum. I see it would be a problem with this, but... Give it a go. Don't like it. You could just set your own volume manually. With the duration, we're linking the duration of each node being played to the window size, which you can change yourself online. We need both of these functions. Check them down to the bottom or top. This JavaScript code becomes ridiculously long. I'll check them up. Here somewhere. And then in Play Sound... Do we have Play Sound? Are we sure we have a Play Frequency or something? Play Sound on. We don't have a function called Play Sound. We have Play Frequency. Play Sound on. Play Frequency on. Play Frequency on. Play Frequency on. Play Frequency on. Play Frequency on. Play Frequency on. Play Sound based on HG data is using Play Frequency. That's right. This is just for testing. Just as an example. Play Sound is not what we need, but it's just an example. Instead of an additional function, Play Sound, can we just modify the Play Frequency function? That takes Frequency, Volume and Duration as inputs. Play Frequency... Ooh. Right, so now we're taking more inputs. Auto Volume, Auto Duration. Okay, do we need all that? I don't think so. Play Frequency... Definitely don't need the HG data because we already have the frequency. Why do we need the HG data? That's odd. Okay, one of the two new functions calls. We definitely need these two. Calculate Auto Volume. Okay, let's try a chair GPT. This chair... Okay, these two functions. Calculate Auto Volume. And Calculate Auto Duration. We want the Play Frequency function that takes Volume, Duration. Yeah, this one here is Frequency. Play Frequency, use this to... Just happen. Oh, come on, that's not fun. Oh, no, and it's... Because it's not having the whole context. You have to actually... know how the keyed up part works, but you have to actually select the whole code and ask this question again. Yeah, so now looking at the 200 lines of code, you can't make the decision. However, I can tell you that if Play Frequency has to adjust the Volume and Duration based on certain conditions, it makes sense to use a couple of, yes, functions. And these adjustments are not necessary for Play Frequency. Well, currently we have Play Sound. So this code... Yeah, I suspect a keyed up co-pilot won't be able to do it. And what was the problem with GPT? I haven't actually read this. Certainly, you can modify the existing Play Frequency function to dynamically handle the Volume and Duration in the user input or automated settings. Here's how you can adjust the function. Add parameters for Volume and Duration, modify the Play Frequency function to take Volume and Duration as parameters. Determine Volume and Duration inside the function, inside Play Frequency, check if the automated settings are enabled and calculate the Volume and Duration accordingly. If the automated settings are not enabled, use the values from the user input. Integrate the automated calculations, include the logic for calculating the volume and Duration within the Play Frequency function. Here's an example of how you could modify the Play Frequency function. JavaScript. Copy Code Function, Play Frequency, Frequency, Auto Volume, Auto Duration. Okay, okay. Question, though. Why do we need to input DG data so we can actually calculate Volume? Okay, maybe the original idea wasn't too bad. I have this Play Sound. This approach allows users to manually set Volume and Duration or opt for automated settings based on EEG data characteristics, offering a more dynamic and interactive experience. Yeah, problem now is that Play Sound is not being actually called. So those are default values, but Play Sound, so does it mean that the area where we use Play Frequency now should be using Play Sound? Play Sound is currently being used. Suggested changes. If the Play Sound function you've implemented is not being used, it needs to be integrated into the event flow of your application. The function should be called at appropriate points where sound playback is required. Here are some steps to integrate Play Sound into your application. Identify trigger points for sound playback. Determine when you want the sound to be played. For instance, after fetching new EEG data, when the user changes the channel or adjusts the window size. Common trigger points might be inside of Endlessness for UI elements like sliders, buttons, or after successfully fetching and processing new EEG data. Modify existing of Endlessness or functions. Update your existing of Endlessness or functions to call Play Sound at the appropriate times. For example, if you want the sound to play after fetching new data, call Play Sound at the end of the fetch data and render function. Adjust Play Sound to use current EEG data. Ensure Play Sound uses the latest EEG data available in your application. This might involve passing the current EEG data as a parameter to the function or accessing a globally stored variable. Yes, I assume instead of Play Frequency, it should be Play Sound and this is not taking any parameters, is it? Oh, it's not taking any parameters, it's just essentially calling Play Frequency and yeah, I'm taking the manual volume or taking the automated volume, which then be taken from the whole spectrum energy in that particular window, and that's normalized. So I assume instead of Play Frequency, Frequency would just do Play Sound with no inputs. We only have two places where we Play Sound not working before, so just restart the page. Doesn't work anymore. Frequency is not defined. The frequency as input must be the order, strike, github, pilot. This could be the order. Do we have to do it? Making Frequency a global variable. It should be a global variable. Yeah, we need the frequencies and input. What's the sense? Okay, so for that, volume does work. The auto volume does not work right, actually, auto duration does work. So if you probably should make it so when you use this scroller, let's restart it quickly. That's manual by default. Right, so this duration does work manually. It's still playing the previous one. It's actually this problem. I'm pretty sure I told it not to play when another note is playing. Stop playing the previous one. So we're still not doing it because when we increase this duration... So now it's playing short notes, which is fine. Put it roughly in the middle. Yeah, it starts playing them on top of one another. So I can play a long one. It's still playing the previous one. Let me do this auto duration. You know, actually, it should be grayed out and this value should indicate what's currently being used and it should essentially be linked to that number. It actually works pretty well, surprisingly. It's pretty annoying. It can be quite annoying, but it might let you play with it. But the auto volume does not work. When auto duration is selected, something should happen to this one. It's grayed out and showing what's the current value is. It's working well. It is working well. However, we want to make a few more adjustments. For example, when auto duration is on, the duration seconds scroller should be grayed out and ideally indicating the current value. This should be the case for auto volume as well. That doesn't work at the moment. Auto duration input and auto duration toggle have proper IDs set, which will be used in the JavaScript. HTML, copy code less than input type equals range, id equals duration input min equals 1, max equals 10 step equals 1, value equals 2, greater than less than label class equals switch greater than less than input type equals checkbox id equals auto duration toggle greater than less than span class equals slide around greater than less than span greater than less than label greater than less than label for equals auto duration toggle greater than auto duration less than label greater than JavaScript. You need to add logic to handle the enabling and disabling of the duration slider as well as updating its value based on the auto duration calculation. Add event listener for auto duration toggle add an event listener to the auto duration toggle checkbox. When toggled, it should enable or disable the duration slider and update its value if necessary. JavaScript, copy code const auto duration toggle equals document get element by id auto duration toggle auto duration toggle const duration unfold equals document get element by id duration input Auto duration toggle works. It's getting great out as requested but it's not the expected great out, that it still changes when I change the window size This function should return the value for the duration based on your logic linking it to the window size or other parameters. Yes, we already have that, so need the window size input to try this. Ensure the correct state of the duration input when the page loads, depending on whether the auto duration Right, so this is happening when we start expecting to change. Oh, it is changing, but only after, yeah, that's a bug there. Yeah, volume is the tricky business. Yeah, that auto volume, it doesn't work. No, it's okay. Now I don't know why I need to do that. I'll wait a second, if it's checked. So if it's turned on, duration input value. No, I do need to do that, but where do I do that? Something is wrong. I don't need to do this again. Yeah, it's a bit weird. Yeah, I don't see why I need this again, because we're already doing this in the event listener, but that's not all right. So event listener is only doing it when the change occurs, if it's checked, if it's turned on. No, it can't make sense. It's not parking. So this value should be recalculated and updated. Disable it after it's being updated. Anyway, that's the duration. And if it's automated, it's linked to the window size. That's a little bug there, but that should be okay. Now with the volume, I have volume zero, volume one. Obviously, it will become super loud if I keep going. So first need to check a volume input. I don't know why, why is it? It's from zero to one and steps of 0.01. I'll play the same. Right, so this volume is going from zero to one in these tiny steps, which is a bit odd. Anything should be 0.1 or something. A couple of issues with the volume. First, it seems like it's getting way too loud. Should the maximum volume be reduced 10 volt or something? The second problem is that auto volume doesn't work. It gives the following error. Let's actually check what the error is. Some reference is not defined, but it gives this error. If the volume is getting too loud, reducing the maximum volume is a sensible approach. You can do this by adjusting the range of the volume input and the logic that calculates the auto volume. The volume seems to be okay. I don't want to play it too loud at the moment by calculating the auto volume. Okay. How do I do that? How can I tell the volume will be within the new range? I assume. So it's kind of hoping for it to appear on the site today, but we decided to make all this adjustments. I'll still try publish it today. The error indicates that some reference power is not defined in your calculate auto volume function. You need to define what some reference power represents in your context and provide a value for it. Some reference power. Okay. No, this meant to be some reference power. No, no. The eG data should have the power of the whole spectrum. This is what being displayed over here, whole spectrum, whole spectrum toggle, a fetch data and render function. It's a long function. How do I fetch the whole spectrum? Make sure to use this reference power value correctly in your volume calculation logic. Okay. The problem is that the average power, it's not an average power, should be in the data. The sum reference power should be the value of the whole spectrum power that should be available in the eG data. Is that what it's called? Spectrums? I don't think. So, eG data spectrums. Wait, it is using it already. I was calling it some data spectrum calculate auto volume. Okay. That makes sense. Why were we calculating it though? Well, right, because we have the multiple data values. So, yes, we are calculating the average for it. Yeah, we have the total power. Why is it called sum reference power? No, average power makes more sense. Wait a second. Power total power. Yeah, let's read this. The sum reference power is the value of the whole spectrum power from your eG data. You will need to calculate this value from the eG spectrum data available in your JavaScript code. Let's revise the calculate auto volume function to do this. Calculating whole spectrum power. Modify the calculate auto volume function to calculate the total power of the whole spectrum from the eG data. This is typically done by summing up the power values across all frequencies in a spectrum. Updating the function. Adjust the function to calculate the sum reference power as the total power of the whole spectrum and then. Yeah, what's going wrong is the fact that this spectrum should already contain everything we need. The auto duration works okay, but volume doesn't. Can we look? I assume we'll be getting this error. I will not getting that error. Okay, this was sick. Yeah, the sum reference power is not defined. Assuming eG data spectrum does exist the whole eG data in the log. Let's see eG data in zero signals, SNR spectrums. Spectrums. Spectrums will already have whole spectrum. So we cheat that the s spectrums s whole spectrum step one is whole spectrum to calculate the volume. Given the structure of eG data, spectrums in the presence of a whole spectrum entry, you can calculate the volume based on the power in this whole spectrum. Here's how you can modify the calculate auto volume function to utilize the power data from the whole spectrum. Locate the whole spectrum data. Find the spectrum object named whole spectrum within the eG data spectrums array. Calculate the total power of the whole spectrum. Sum up the power values, the wire array from the whole spectrum to calculate its total power. Updated calculate auto volume function. JavaScript copy code function calculate auto volume eG data const whole spectrum equals eG data spectrums. Find spectrum equals greater than spectrum.name equals equals equals whole spectrum if whole spectrum return zero default volume when no whole spectrum data is available. Calculate the total power of the whole spectrum const total power equals whole spectrum y reduce sum value equals greater than sum plus value zero. Assuming average power is calculated based on the current eG band of interest const average power equals asterisk geologic to calculate the average power of the current band asterisk. Normalize the volume based on the whole spectrum power. Note adjust some reference power based on your data scale and desired volume range const some reference power equals 50. This is an example value. Adjust as needed. Adjust as needed is a great advice. The choice of some reference power is crucial. It should be set to a value that makes sense for your application and data scale. This value serves as a normalization factor and should be determined based on the typical range of values in your eG data. Ensure the volume calculation results in a value within a safe and acceptable range for audio playback. Is it finding the spectrum name? Am I ready to search for it? It should be there. It is. The average power in the context of your eG data visualization and auditory representation tool seems to be a metric you want to calculate for a specific eG band or for the eG data currently being analyzed. This value can be used to determine the volume for audio playback in relation to the whole spectrum power. Here's how you might calculate it. Choose the eG band or data for average power calculation. Decide which part of the eG data you want to use for the average power calculation. It could be one of the specific bands like alpha, beta, etc or some other relevant portion of the eG data. Calculate average power. Sum up the power values in a selected band or data portion and divide by the number of data points to get the average power. Implementing in Calculate Auto Volume. The idea might get confused so much. Don't get this average power looking best on the current eG. Get it. Over here, the total power is not being used. In the provided Calculate Auto Volume function, total power was calculated but not directly used in the subsequent normalization of volume. Instead, average power was being compared with some reference power for the volume calculation. The total power variable can be used as a reference power or in any other suitable way depending on the specific requirements of your application. If you intend to use total power as the reference for normalizing the volume, you can modify the function as follows. Using total power as the reference for volume normalization. In this approach, total power of the whole spectrum is used as a reference to normalize the average power of the selected eG band. Modified Calculate Auto Volume function. This one makes a lot more sense. By using total power as a reference, you are essentially setting the volume relative to the overall power of the eG spectrum. This can provide an intuitive way to represent the intensity of specific eG bands in relation to the entire spectrum. Return the volume and lock the volume to console so that's the default volume. Doing auto volume. Yeah, that's interesting. I don't know if you can hear anything, probably not. The volume is too low. It seems to work. It's working in a sense that it's much lower when there's no seizure. Is it? No. It's taking alpha. Normalize the volume using total power of the whole spectrum as reference. Yeah, the problem is it has some max power. It's 100. It said to work again. Yeah, I don't like this magic number. I should try this one. Yeah, for calculating auto volume, total power is not actually being used. When I use total power instead of average power, I can call this out. Oops. Sorry for that. That's obviously saturated. Okay, now I think it's volume of 1 is obviously too large. It's large now by like 1000. Okay, that's too large. All right, so this volume, this magic number, volume is better. Yeah, the seizure is much louder on this channel. So you will have loudness cues for this. Check S is okay or not. So you can decide if you're doing auto volume or not and we will