 Thank you, Thierry. It's my delight to be here. I'm sorry if I prevent you from eating. I have a flight to take from Casablanca to Bonn for the COP23 meeting. I would like to begin by... Let me speak in English. The speaker is going to speak English. It's a mystic statement. As you know, maybe you heard that the atomic scientists, in 2016, they issued what they called the Doomsday Clock. In 2016, they said that we were at three minutes before midnight, meaning that we are on the verge of the extinction of the human species. They worked the clock according to the dangers and the main danger that human beings and the human species are facing are two, nuclear war and climate change. Well, nuclear war, we have a way to stop it. It's a miracle that nothing happened and hopefully nothing will happen. Climate change is much more dangerous because climate change, if there is a point of non-return where we will have nothing to do. So we have to pre-empt. We have to start doing things. And if we look at what has been happening in the information that we got recently from many centres of science, we have seen that, for instance, the national snow and ice data centre for the Arctic said a few months ago that there was less ice than ever before and the mean temperature was, in 2017, was 23 degrees above normal. Gulf of Mexico, the sea surface has never gone below 72 degrees and it was the warmest winter in all the cities around the Gulf of Mexico. So it's dangerous, very dangerous. And I believe that what happened in Paris is that people, countries, governments and also known state directors reached that conclusion and decided to sign finally the Paris Agreement after 21 years of negotiations. We in Morocco decided we believe that this danger is for the world, is real and that the leadership of King Mohammed VI has always been very highly concerned by the need to protect the environment since he led the Moroccan delegation to the Rio conference in 1992. We have been doing a lot. For instance, if we look at the renewable energy, well, by 2020, 42% of our energy will come from renewable energy and we have looked at the numbers and probably it will be 46%. By 2030 it will be 52% coming from renewables. So this is what we're doing and we have, of course, a very ambitious NDC that will cost around $50 billion, among which half of it is conditional and half of it is not conditional. That's only for mitigation, that's only for mitigation, but for adaptation it's another $30 billion. So we're doing things here in Morocco in terms of environment, protection of environment and also on mitigation and also on adaptation. There is a second thing that we have done is host COPS, two COPS. COPS 7 in 2001 and COPS 22 last year. COPS 7 was a historic COP because it was a breakthrough for the implementation because we set at COP 7 the rulebook for the Kyoto Protocol. And COP 22 was also a very important COP because it was the first one after the Paris Agreement, meaning that we had the Paris Agreement, we took 21 years to implement, to sign an agreement, but COP 22 was the first COP starting to implement the agreement. So it was historical also because it was immediately after the, let's say the entry into the force of the Paris Agreement. We had the first CMA, the CMA which is the conference of the parties acting as a meeting of the parties to oversee the implementation of the Paris Agreement and we had the first one in Marrakech. By the way, COP 22 entered into force less than one year after its signing, which is absolutely unbelievable. It's the first time in terms of for an international agreement. If we look again about what's going on in terms of climate, we had a report from the PNU saying that if we keep only the NDCs, all the NDCs together will reach only by 2030 only one-third of the objectives of two degrees. And on the carbon budget by 2030, if we continue the way we're continuing, we will have consumed already 80% of what we can consume to reach the objective of two degrees by the end of the century. And by 2030 if we want to reach 1.5 degree, by 2030 if we continue to act as we are acting, we will have already consumed absolutely everything. So for this time being we don't have, let's say, very good perspectives, but things are happening. So let me talk about COP 22. The Moroccan presidency had some objectives. One of them was to keep the integrity of the Paris Agreement. You know, when you sign, when countries sign an agreement at 4 o'clock in the morning, very often they don't know, I mean people have been negotiating and negotiating and they don't know exactly what they agreed upon. So it was the difficulty was to make sure that nobody was going to reopen negotiations. And that was my goal as chief negotiator for COP 22 and the goal of the Moroccan presidency. The second was to start to work on the modalities, rules and procedures to implement the Paris Agreement. And I must say that it worked because we worked pretty hard and we came out with 35 decisions, 35 important decisions. Also we wanted to keep the mobilization of everybody and this was the Moroccan action proclamation for our claimant and sustainable developments. All the heads of states, governments, heads of delegation signed the proclamation saying that they are willing to continue to stay mobilized to address the problems of climate change. And which is also very important because COP 22 was the first COP that had a second pillar, which was a pillar of the non-state actors that became, that we call the action agenda that started in Lima, continued in Paris, but COP 22 in Marrakech became a real part of the COP. And today every next COP will have the action of non-state actors will be crucial and absolutely fundamental. So what were the priorities of the Moroccan presidency during this not only towards COP 22 but also during 2017? One of the most important action was on climate finance. Why climate finance? Well, because if you look at the NDCs, a lot of the NDCs are conditioned. Not all the countries have the means to implement their NDCs. So we have to talk about finance. Where is the finance coming from? All these projects will be financed in terms of mitigation but also in terms of adaptation. Well, it's a main issue. Of course we had the $100 billion roadmap that was announced by the developed countries at COP 22, but $100 billion is nothing. It's a drop in the bucket because we're talking about trillions. So the big question is where is the money coming? Where will be the money coming from? Of course it will be public money but public money will never be enough and the idea is to how we can leverage private money to implement the NDCs. We had what we call the CAPE, which is an initiative that was launched by Morocco and the World Bank. It's a meeting between stakeholders and especially ministers of finance to exchange information and see how we can work together to implement the Paris Agreement. There is an initiative also, a very important initiative that was launched in Morocco as well as the NDC partnership. What is the NDC partnership? I believe that it is probably one of the most important outcomes of COP 22. What is the NDC partnership? Basically a platform that will help countries to implement their NDCs. A country like Morocco or a country like Binah, we have here, Mr. Sassou, or a country needs to implement its NDC. How is this country going to finance the NDC? By of course using the domestic finance, but it has to raise finance and money from other sources. The NDC partnership is meant to help countries see where the money is and also when you talk about finance, you talk about capacity building, how you build the governance, how you build the environment so that you can attract the finance, not only the public one, but also especially the private finance. When we talk about private finance, I will quote Christiana Figueres who used to say that there are trillions, four or five trillions of the government in number, invested at below zero interest rate. All the trillions are waiting for opportunities to have a better return on investment. And probably on climate, and especially for instance today, on renewable energy, there are big opportunities and it's happening. We had another initiative, the Marrakesh partnership to foster green capital markets in Africa, the green growth infrastructure facility for Africa, the network of financial centres for sustainability that was launched by Casablanca Finance City, the MBA for climate launched by CGM, which is the association of companies of enterprises here in Morocco, the climate finance accelerator that we launched together with the United Kingdom. We also worked on the adaptation, and we had two events on the metric of adaptation because everybody's talking about adaptation, but it's not really clear how you measure the needs on adaptation. This is why we had an event in September 2016 and another one in October 2017 about the metrics of adaptation and it was really interesting events. We launched the AAA, which is the adaptation of agriculture in Africa. And we have encouraged the progress of the NAPS, which are the national adaptation plans. We also, and that was also a very important part of COP 22, was mobilisation and work with the non-state actors and the NGOs. The way I conducted and we conducted the negotiations was to meet with the NGOs who are doing the cans and others who work only on climate and have their views and try to figure out how their views can be translated in the negotiations between the governments. I would sit with them, listen to them, share their ideas with the governments and have the return from the governments and have at the end of the day an outcome that is not exactly what they wanted because they want the maximum, but pretty interesting outcomes. South-South cooperation also, we had an event in New York and we are having another event in Bonn. And so many things have happened, again, integrity of the Paris Agreement, starting to work on what we call the work programme, which means procedures, rules and modalities for the implementation of the Paris Agreement and the other pillar, which is the non-state actors' action. Now we're going to COP 23 and I think what are we looking at COP 23? Continue the work programme. You know, in Paris, we had decided that the Paris Agreement would enter into force. Everybody thought that the Paris Agreement was going to enter into force by 2020 and that the rulebook of the work programme would be finished by 2020. Well actually, the Paris Agreement entered into force in 2016 and now we have decided, the countries have decided that the work programme, rules, modalities and procedures will be finished by 2018. So we will be working hard in Bonn in the next 15 days and we will continue working during the year, especially in the session in Bonn in May and in Poland in 2018, in November 2018. There is also a very important event that is going to happen in 2018 in Poland, which is what we used to call the Facility of Dialogue and today it's called the Talenoa Dialogue, Talenoa meaning conversation between parties in Fidgen. And what is this Talenoa Dialogue? Countries sitting together and saying, trying to figure out where we are, where we want to be and how we can get there. And there will be a process that will start, that has already, that will start now in Bonn and continue during the Fidgen presidency and we will have the Facility of Dialogue, the Talenoa Dialogue in Poland at COP24. So the objectives, the priorities of the Fidgen presidency, as it was said, it was advanced pre-COP in Fidgen last week, is to advance the work of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and preserve the multilateral consensus to uphold and advance the Paris Agreement, to build greater resilience for all world nations, to forge a grand coalition to accelerate climate action before 2020 and beyond between civil society, the scientific community, the private sector and all levels of government, including cities and regions, and to harness innovation, to draw a strong link between the health of the world's oceans and seas to infuse COP23 with the Fidgen-Bulles spirit of inclusiveness, friendliness and solidarity and promote the Pacific concept of Talenoa. So I started with a very pessimistic statement. I will be a little bit more optimistic. Why am I optimistic? Because what I have seen is that there is a real will by everybody, governments, non-state actors, many, I mean, especially companies that are decided to do whatever is needed to be done. Last year, you know, President Obama issued the Clean Power Act and the co-producers sued the act of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court said, well, they have some reasons, they have some ground. And the cities, states, companies, the Association, the Edison Association, the Association Institute, which is the association of the power producers and in the United States said, well, the Supreme Court can say whatever they want to say, we have our program, we're doing what we have to do and we will do it. So there is a mobilization by everybody, by companies, by states, by cities, and you can see that in the United States when you go everywhere, you can see how much things are happening, California, taxes, but also in other countries, here in Morocco and everywhere else. We can see that countries have decided to go into energy efficiency and energy efficiency, and if you look at what has happened in China, it's amazing, we have a report showing that there was a dramatic drop on emissions but also a growth on jobs. Energy efficiency is so important that it represents the consumption of Japan in terms of energy, and everybody is working on energy efficiency. Then the last but not least, if you look at all the decisions taken by many countries and especially China, for instance, but also Norway and other countries that have decided that mobility will be electric in the next 10 years. Norway, by 2020, all the cars will be electric. China, by 2025, all the cars, 25% of the cars will be electric, and this will mean a lot. And other countries, and we can see a lot happening in terms of research, in terms of science, in terms of transforming science into implementation. And we can see that, and this is my word of optimism to end this statement and this intervention, and thank you very much, and I'm sorry to keep you, to have kept you without eating for such a long time.