 Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more. Today we have a topic that is primitive medicine Which is from community medicine or public health dentistry. This includes the ancient medicine How the medicine or the medical system treats diseases in the ancient times and even a little bit about the dental aspect So it includes basically the Indian Chinese, Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek, Roman and medicine in middle-aged time So in ancient time it was believed that disease was attributed or disease was caused by the influence of demons or planets or by the wrath of gods and it was treated by very unscientific and unethical methods of dancing, magic effects, drums and various religious measures. Each religion has their own rituals to treat the diseases So when the demon is able to enter the body that means if the demon creates disease in the body by any of the above mentioned method the efforts were made to make the body uninhabitable to the demon. That was a solution for the problem but each medicine or each religion used their own methods just like beating, torturing and starving the patient. Archaeologist required skulls of the ancient humans and they found out very surprisingly the truffination and the skull added truffination creating a hole in the skull so that it leaves the body. That was a thought in ancient times And while coming to this dental part So this dental procedures were done by various equipments just like you see the picture here Now we have the Indian medicine. Our country has its root of Ayurveda and Siddha. The Ayurveda which originated in Vedic times that is around 5,000 BC and Ayurveda means nothing but knowledge of life and it is based on Tridosa theory So Tridosa means the Vada, Pitta and Kafa Vada is a force that holds together Akasha and Vayu Pitta is a force that holds together Agni and Jala means water Kafa is a force that holds together Prithvi and Jala. So all these are the five elements like Akasha, Vayu, Agni, Jala, Prithvi Now while coming to the Tridosa Vata make sure that your body movements take place without any obstruction This includes absorption nervous system conduction and all types of excretion breathing and musculoskeletal function If anything goes wrong in this part it is due to the imbalance of Vata and Pitta is It has an equally important role in keeping together the two very opposite qualities of fire and water just like an acid which are fluids in their existential state but burn So Pitta governs this principle in the body. It brings about transformation acts as a heat energy digest food at gross and cellular levels So it imparts warmth, vision and color to the body whereas a Kafa is a cohesive and lubricating force that holds together the opposite elements of Jala and Prithvi So Kafa force makes the body stable The structure is well held with muscle, tendons, ligaments and fats And it also forms the protective covering and fluid shock absorbance for joints and a brain that is cerebral spinal fluid and spinal cord And we had very eminent people in those time like Atreya, Charaka, Sushruta and Vak Pitta and the very famous books like Charaka Samhita and Sushu Samhita which has got mentioned about various diseases and treatment procedures So Ayurveda basically divided into two fields that is Alakya and Salya and Sushruta one of the renowned surgeon of those times He used two sets of instruments Dijendra and Sastra And early in the days they are excelled in cataract operation and plastic surgery And the Sushruta is known as a faster of plastic surgery And 800 BC to 600 AD was known as a golden age of Indian medicine Moving on to the dental part, dentistry was held to be of a divine origin in India And this dislocation of jaw was thought to be due to the rush of air And Indians would never use a toothbrush with animal hairpristles because they consider many animals as gods And instead they would use twigs, leaves and other such things And Yunani and Homeopathy were the sum of the system which existed in India in those times Moving on to Chinese medicine Chinese medicine was the world's first organized body of medical knowledge which dates back to 2700 BC And this traditional Chinese medicine was based on two principles that is Yang and Yin So this Yang and Yin in the traditional Chinese medicine This concept lays the foundation for understanding health as well as diagnosis and treating illness So according to it all phenomena is composed of two opposite but mutually Interconnected forces known as Yin and Yang So this Yang which is associated with consciousness Mind brain spinal cord nerves and nervous system Whereas the Yin which is associated with emotions heart Blood vessels capillaries and other circulatory system So there will be imbalance between these two and creates disease And it was reported that Chinese would use arsenic to treat decay teeth Later they developed the silver amalgam which was used for decades in dentistry And they developed this silver amalgam more than thousands of years ago And first cleft lip surgery was performed in China during the 250 BC time Cupuncture and barefoot doctors They were the very unique treatment strategy or the type of community doctors in China Acupuncture is a special type of treatment where they have the pressure points like 160 points It's connected with various parts and they use these points to reduce the pain or treat the disease All together the body has 360 points and 116 among them is connected to teeth and oral structures And treatment supplement to acupuncture was Moxibustion It's a type of traditional Chinese medicine. It involves burning moxa It's a corn or stick made of ground mugwort leaves And this is burned on or near the body's acupuncture points And the practitioners believe that the resulting heat which helps stimulate these points and improves the flow of energy in that part And Chinese wear pioneers of immunization because it's barefoot doctors they Walk from door to door or from house to house to treat The people with disease or give immunization or vaccination So traditional explanation for carries was a tooth worm or Chong Ya And the term examination was important diagnostic tool And they also believe that changes in tongue could reflect diseases and indicate prognosis of disease And herbal medicine was also an important mainstay most frequently prescribed drug was Ginseng it is a remedy for various ailments and they developed toothbrush in 1490s While moving to the egyptian medicine there are two distinct trends that is a magical religious trend And empirical that is a rational trends with scientific evidence So medicine intermingled with religion in egypt So they believe that the disease was due to absorption from the intestine of harmful substances Which gave rise to pitfraction of blood and formation of pus And they recognized dentistry as an important surgical specialty And him for that considered both doctors and divinity So medical manuscripts involves edwin papyrus and adverse papyrus So edwin papyrus cites numerous operations of fractures and dislocations of mandible compound and comminuted fracture of maxilla perforation or saigama Hesire was the earliest trendist and extraction was the principal relief of dental Problems and principal causes of dental disease was a course that And relief of toothache was obtained by applying a paste of cumin and sin sand onion And egyptians excelled in public health and god of health was horus While moving to the mesopotamian medicine the basic concept was religion So mesopotamia was a cradle of magic and necromancy Sugeomancy and hepatoscopic divinition characteristic of their medical load And prescriptions were written on tablets in cuneiform writing And amurabi formulated the code of amurabi And these physicians were rewarded If successful and punished for mistakes and grinding of teeth was considered dangerous and Patagnomanic The belief that the toothworm caused dental disease was first documented in Babylonia Whereas the greek medicine it is a classic period from 40 460 to 136 bc Ascalptius was early written in medicine and numerous centers called Eslopions were established first the patient relax in the holy Presence took in beauty of surroundings and enriched his soul by attending theatrical performance Then he would present to the priest who would give him a sleeping Pusion and direct him to a mat where he would sleep The priest would then advise the hypnotized patient as a cause of treatment So ascalptius had two daughters Panacea and Hygia Hippocrates was considered as a father of medicine and he was also an epidemiologist And this Hippocratic writings have numerous references to Formation of teeth, eruption and their malice Whereas Roman medicine Romans borrowed their medicine largely from Greeks Straight was supreme not individual that was their belief So public health was born in Rome So Gavin was an outstanding person among Romans And his contributions in the field of comparative anatomy and experimental physiology was well renowned So Gavin stated about health since it in importance and time health precedes disease Preserving health has to be considered and then curing So he pointed the health is important So preserving health should be more weightage given more weightage than the curing of the same disease So about disease Gavin observed this is due to three factors that is predisposing Environmental and exciting factors still we follow the predisposing and environmental factors It is a part of epitomological triad And there is factors so Celsus and encyclopedist mentioned that special instruments were used for extracting the roots of teeth toothache was treated by Moutrans steam application and politicize And if tooth had to be extracted clean and was filled in the cavity and then tooth was extracted And his book included treatment of joe fractures repositioning of malipose teeth ligation of loose teeth to stabilize them And in middle age the period between 500 and 1500 That is a fall of roman empire The europe was ravaged by diseases Practice of medicine reverted back to primitive medicine It was called dark age of medicine Arabs Translated this greek or roman medical literature into arabic Borrowing from greek They developed unani system of medicine They founded schools of medicine and hospitals in Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo and other muslim capitals Leaders were Reziz and Avicenna The Reziz was first to observe popular reaction to light To use mercurial purgatives to publish the first non-book on children's species He compiled kitab al-mansuri, which is the first book which includes dental anatomy And he correctly identified mode of action of mandible And he also gave various remedies of toothache Like instilling tincture in ear to treat toothache And Avicenna compiled canon of medicine And the greatest contribution of Arabs was in the field of pharmacology And the golden age of arabic medicine was 800 to 1300 And also Christianity exerted a major influence but of recentity led to establishment of hospitals Early medieval hospitals rarely specialized in treatment of the sick And first hospital on record was built in york during middle ages religious institutions known as Monasteries headed by monks, saints and abbots So they used keys special type of keys for tooth extraction Okay, so that was all about this ancient medicine So this ancient medicine is more of all sciences Medical knowledge has been derived to a very great degree from the intuitive and observational propositions And cumulative experience gleaned from others So medicine is built on the best of the past So that was all about this topic. This is a little bit about the history But it gives you an idea about how the current system evolved from the past So i'll come up with a new topic in dentistry and ma. Thank you