 Soil erosion is broadly defined as the accelerated removal of topsoil from the land surface through glacial plucking, water, wind or tillage. Erosion is a process that has a strong impact on the economy, society and environment. Almost three-quarters of the Earth's lands are in fact being eroded. Water or hydric erosion happens when water removes and transports vulnerable topsoil. This type of erosion has the highest impact on the environment. Natural factors influencing water erosion are intense rainfalls, topography, slope gradient and length, poor soil, organic and vegetation cover. Several other water erosion types exist. Splash erosion, sheet erosion, reel erosion, gully erosion and tunnel erosion. Topsoil is a fundamental element of land because of its high nutrient content. By displacing the topsoil, water erosion affects this nutrient source and contributes to soil degradation, resulting in lower crop yields. Water erosion not only influences agricultural crops but also food security and flood protection capacity of entire ecosystems. In addition, water erosion can lead to the weakening of soil, compromising its stability. Infrastructures and buildings in the affected area are in danger of failures and deterioration. Another severe issue is contamination. Eroded soil containing chemicals, fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides is transported by water and discharged into water bodies and streams. Here the substances are spread, becoming potentially harmful for public health and the environment. Anthropogenic factors such as deforestation, overgrazing and overcropping contribute to accelerated soil erosion. Human beings are the main cause for this issue, producing more erosion than all natural processes combined. Different approaches exist to counteract water erosion. Water erosion techniques are implemented on already affected sites, while conservation measures aim to protect the soil before the arose of action takes place. Reforestation and stone walls represent some of the most utilized conservation methods. If adequately implemented, these measures can prevent water erosion at its first stage and protect endangered areas. It is important to implement multidisciplinary conservation measures and adaptation practices with the involvement of the local communities. If erosion processes are detected and identified at an early stage, severe consequences can be prevented and avoided, favouring the restoration of degraded areas where communities can thrive into a better future.