 So, hello everyone and welcome to our online event on Policy Revolence of International Spoiler Effects and COVID-19 and STG reporting, hosted by the Sustainable Development Solution Network, STSN for short, and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit or GSN for short. My name is Barbara and I work for the GSN program Strengthening the Sustainable Development Solution Network. On behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, BMZ, our program aims at fostering the role of science and the implementation of the 2030 agenda, especially with the focus on the global south. So since 2013, we support the STSN and since 2016, we address questions of global responsibility arising from International Spoiler Effects. So thank you for your interest. I'm delighted to be a moderator for today's event. And first of all, I would like to thank Guillaume Laforteune from STSN for co-hosting this event and sharing with us insights from the newly released Sustainable Development Report 2020 by STSN and the Bertelsmanstift Dome. I would also like to thank Aronima Malik from the University of Sydney and Apollonia Mayola from the OSD for presenting today as well as Finweilm from STSN. Thank you very much. So the webinar will give us an opportunity to learn more about the Sustainable Development Report 2020 that includes the STG Index, which is a monitoring tool that ranks countries on the progress towards achieving the STGs. It also includes the spillover index with the best available data on countries positive and negative external. So we also discussed the impact that COVID-19 and the STGs have on one another and look more carefully into social and health spillover effects before we learn more about policy recommendations and the coherence of domestic and international measures measures of spillover effects. Before we get started, allow me to point out that we muted all participants. So please stay on mute and deactivate your camera. However, we very much encourage all of you to participate actively in the webinar by asking questions in the chat. We will collect your questions for a short Q&A session after each presentation, so throughout the whole webinar. But however, please, you can send us questions at any time. However, we might not be able to answer all of them. If you experience any audio or video issues, please text us in the chat as well. And please note that this event will be recorded. So if you don't want to be recorded, you always have the opportunity to leave the webinar. My colleague Nicole will remain available throughout the whole webinar to answer your questions in the chat. In this webinar, we also included a graphic recording tool. So you already can see the beginning of the picture. And she, like Anna Liemann, follows our webinar remotely and summarizes the findings graphically. So I encourage you to follow her drawing once in a while through clicking on her picture in the button below my picture or the presentation. Can I ask you to turn off your camera, please? Thank you. So in the end, we will have a closer look on it together and point out some highlights of the webinar. Before I hand over to our first speaker, we would like to issue a quick poll. So please click on the link we just shared in the chat. Or go to the website menti.com and type in the digit code 51427 as it shows on the shared slide, which I cannot see yet. But it is coming. It's perfect. All right. So we will give you 30 seconds to select the answers on the three questions before we share them. So please go to the chat and click on the link. Thank you. And first, we would love to know which sectors are represented. So are you working in an NGO or are you part of a network? And the second question is from where are you participating? So please let us know where you're located right now in this very moment. Maybe this is not where you normally would be as to travel restrictions and COVID-19. So just tag where you are sitting in this very moment. And the last question is how is your current energy level? So how are you doing? And everything is allowed really like from one really low ready for the weekend to five really high and excited for this input. So I'm giving you about five more seconds. All right. Perfect. So now I would like to ask you to come back to MS Teams and to look at the screen, the shared screen there. All right. And also just one last hint. Can you please mute yourself? That would be amazing. If you have not muted yourself, please do so. Thank you very much. Perfect. So let's look at the first question. In which field are you working? So, okay. The majority works in a government institutions or an international institution or international organization. Sorry. Okay. Well, I have to admit I expected that. Then 3% of networks and also 3% of NGOs and 8% in others. Oh, it just changed like 41 to international organization and 8 to others. Okay. Perfect. Then let's look at the second question from where you participating. So let's wait until it comes up. Okay. Europe is the majority, but I'm very happy also to welcome people from the African continent and also from Southeast Asia and Central and West Asia. And also from South America. Welcome. Thank you. Okay. Let's look at the third question. How's our energy level? Oh, okay. I would say that's not too bad for Thursday. Well, so yeah, I would say most of the people are still have some energy. That's great. Okay. All right. So thank you for participating in this quick polls. Now I would like to hand over to our first panelist, who is the SDG index manager at SDSN and also a co-author of the sustainable development report. He is an economist by training and prior to joining the SDSN, he worked at the Ministry of Economic Development in Quebec. And at the OECD on public governance reforms and statistics. So Guillaume will make his presentation with his colleague, Finn Wöll, who is a data scientist and an analyst at the SDSN. Guillaume, if you want to turn on your camera and your microphone, the floor is yours. Thank you so much, Nicole. Thank you also to the whole GIZ team for organizing this. Nora, Barbara, Francesca, Marin also. And thank you also to Arunima from the University of Sydney and to Apollonia from the OECD for joining us today. I think we really have two great speakers for today's event. I'm going to try to keep the energy level as high as I can. Actually, it would be funny to do this poll over the entire event to see how the energy is moving. I hope I can at least maintain if not even increase the energy level, but let's see. So as you said, Nicole, I'm a senior economist within the SDSN. I coordinate the production of the sustainable development report within the SDSN. The report was actually launched electronically two days ago. And yesterday we had a big launch event with Jeffrey Sachs and other country representatives. This is the report which basically tracks the performance of the volume in member states on the SDGs. And since we started doing this back in 2015, we've always included this notion of international spillover effects and the assessment of the performance of countries on the sustainable development goals. So if I can move maybe to the next slide just to put things a little bit into or actually to share with you the content of my presentation. I want to do three things today. The first thing is to share with you some of the insights, the results in terms of spillovers in the sustainable development report this year. The second thing is to present to you some new work, a new initiative that we're doing with the University of Yale, but also with other partners within our SDSN network, which tries basically to create a new international measure at the country level using production-based accounting and consumption-based accounting. So I'll try to highlight why we think we need this and what this kind of future impact assessment might look like. And then finally, I'll give the floor to my colleague, Finn Warn, who will share some of the tools and the online material and interactive user platforms that we've done on spillovers. And a lot of this work has been made possible thanks to the support of the GIZ over the past couple of years. So moving on to the next slide and even the next one, just to put things a little bit into context. Yeah, actually the next one, yeah. We've been doing, so we've been tracking since 2015 the performance of countries at the global level on the... No, the previous one. We've been tracking since 2015 the performance of countries on the sustainable development goals. So we have this global edition that we do annually, again including the overall ranking, but also this spillover ranking that we do, but we also do regional editions, right? So we do editions for Africa. We're launching the third edition for the Africa in two weeks. We launched two weeks ago in addition for Latin America, and we've also done report for Europe, the Arab region, and the Mediterranean countries. And in most of these assessments, we also try to capture the international dimension, right? The spillover dimension of things. And this was one of the key elements and one of the key chapters and sections of the European report was that we had a lot of policy discussion, but also data around the issues of spillovers at the European level, but also for each European member states. And what we call obviously the EU for strengthening the coherence in the next couple of years between what it aims to do at the domestic level and what it plans to do externally as well. And then we also have some national editions. Obviously the SDGs won't make any major breakthroughs without the involvement of local policymakers and municipalities. So we also do assessment at the subnational level. And here, this is something that we are starting also to try to see how can we measure, what does it mean to measure spillovers that is also at the subnational level? So here the data are even more, I mean, it's really an area of work that is just starting, but it's something that we plan to do more work also moving forward. So moving on to the next slide. So, you know, our website, the data visualization is available. And Finn, again, we'll share with you some more insight about our spillover tools. Next slide. So this edition has 60 findings and the fifth finding here. So if we can click, it will highlight the fifth finding. The fifth finding in the report is that rich countries generate negative spillover effects that undermine other countries ability to achieve the goals and that may increase the likelihood of future pandemics, right? Through unsustainable supply chains, biodiversity threats, deforestation. There's growing evidence that might increase the likelihood of zoonotic disease and diseases transmitted from animals. And so the way we measure spillovers in the report is we categorize spillovers in three broad ways. And just to take a step back, and if we can move to the next slide, we consider that the SDGs broadly recognize the importance of international spillover effects. For instance, under SDG 12 on responsible consumption and production, which requires developed countries to take the lead in tackling the issue. And we see also some national governments including this notion of spillover effects in their own strategy. So the Sweden's generational goal, for instance, is one example of a country that has integrated this into their political communications and strategies. It's also been underlined by Greta Thunberg when she speaks about, or when she accused rich countries last year of creative carbon accounting, right? So to take only into account carbon emissions generated within countries and not taking into account those that are generated abroad through consumption, right? It's one thing to decarbonize domestically, but if this is achieved by outsourcing cement and steel to another country and re-importing the production in an SDG context, which is a global responsibility, this is not a practice which is compatible with the SDGs, right? And so the way we've categorized this is through three and three broad categories. So there's the environmental types of spillovers, right? So CO2 emissions that are embodied into imports, SO2 emissions, nitrogen, scarce water, terrestrial freshwater and also marine biodiversity threats. And here they are mainly using a tool and it's great that we have Arunima here on the panel called the multi-regional input output table, which are then combined with satellite environmental and social data sets. And we'll hear more about this in the next presentation. But we go beyond also those consumptions. I mean we also track some social impacts through MRIO. So that's the last category that you have here on social security. Fatal work related accidents embodied in imports. So typically European imports of textile from countries with poor labor standards. We attribute some of the work accidents to the importing countries. And so that's also using MRIOs. But we go beyond the consumption-based impacts, right? So our notion of spillovers goes beyond the MRIOs and the consumption-based notion. And we also include measures of financial secrecy, corporate tax havens, profit shifting, positive spillovers like official development assistance. And also on the security side, the exports of major congressional weapons that might disrupt certain situations in some parts of the world. And so next slide. What we do is that we plot the spillover index. So including all these measures to GDP per capita. And here what we see is that in general, high-income countries tend to generate more spillover effects. And here the purple dots are actually G20 countries. So we see that a number of G20 countries are actually generating a lot of impacts. Here it's important to note that our indicators in order not to penalize geography or the size of country are denominated in per capita basis, right? So we divide by population. And so this is why small countries with relatively high trade intensity on a per-person basis generate the largest spillover effect. So this includes Singapore or Luxembourg, for instance. Next slide. What we have done also is to, so beyond this overall aggregate at the country level, we're also mapping bilaterally how countries are impacting other countries. And here you have a case of a country that performing very well on the SDG index, Finland, who is in the top three countries of the SDG index. But actually when we look at how Finland is impacting greenhouse gas emission in other countries through trade, we see that it does generate some impacts abroad. And this is an area where even Nordic countries which are the top performers in the SDG index can still work on. Next slide. So that was the kind of macro perspective. Just to mention that we're also doing some studies. And again, this is often supported by GIZ as well at the supply chain level, right? And looking how can we improve and make some of the key supply chains, whether it's the food supply chains here we've done study for soy, but also other supply chains. How can we improve the governance of these supply chains and make them available with the achievement of the SDG's agenda 2030 as the Paris Climate Agreement. So that's for the SDR and the broad work that we're doing on spillovers within the SDSN. Next slide. Now I just want to briefly share a few words about a new initiative that we're launching and this work is not published yet. So it's all things that are going to be published. But essentially what we realize next slide, what we realize is that when we plot, when we looked at the some of the international benchmarks of environmental, some of the environmental benchmarks, and here we have two examples here, the Environmental Performance Index and the Green Growth Index. When we plot this to GDP per capita and here it's the log of GDP per capita, just to facilitate the view of the chart. We see that there's quite high correlation between some of those environmental benchmark and GDP per capita, which contradicts the major international reports. Sorry for interrupting. Please, can you mute yourself? We can hear someone speaking, I guess, on the phone. Sorry Guillaume for this interruption. It's okay. I also see the comment to speak a bit slower, so I'm going to slow down a little bit. Just that I'm conscious of time and I know we have a packed agenda, but let me slow down a little bit. So that's how high my level of energy is today. So basically we see strong correlation between some of the environmental benchmarks at country level and GDP per capita. And this, again, is kind of in contradiction with some of the major reports that we see there from IPPES or the IPCC, basically say, look, high income countries do generate a lot of the impacts of the negative environmental impacts globally. And there's a couple of reasons why there is this high correlation. So some of these benchmarks include access to resources, like access to water sanitation, where rich countries do better. They include policy measures, so whether there's policies, strategies or conventions that are adopted, they sometimes not calculate distances to pre-define targets, and they generally tend to exclude the spillover effects, so consumption-based impacts. And this is documented in a paper that's going to come out, hopefully in the Noe CD publication in the fall, and possibly also as a working paper that we're working on with the University of Yale. Next slide. And so what we mean by consumption-based accounting and production-based accounting is described here. So you have on one side the domestic production that is made for domestic final consumption plus the full use phase. And then you have domestic production that's made for experts. So that's the PBA side of things, and that's what is traditionally captured in a lot of the carbon accounting, but also in a lot of the international benchmarks that I just presented. Now, the part that is missing is this consumption-based aspect. So these are the impacts that are generated through the imports for domestic final consumption in the importing countries. And so what we want to do with this new initiative is to isolate the import component and attribute the responsibility to the importing country. Next slide. So we're presenting a new framework. I won't go into the details today. Again, this is going to be published soon. The main point here is that there's a domestic side. So that is the next slide. There's the domestic side. So it's a two-pillar framework with the domestic side and then the spillover side of things. And the idea is to be as comprehensive as possible so to cover climate, pollution, biodiversity, and natural resources. That was the previous slide, but it's okay. I'm on that slide. And the idea is that this would raise visibility for global commons. It would help fill some of the gaps that we see for the EPI, the SDG index, and some other metrics. I'm on the next slide now. And it would strengthen accountability on action to manage global commons. The idea is also to have this initiative to help fill data gaps. So what I mentioned is that right now we capture some spillover effects, including through consumption. One aspect that we're not covering well, for instance right now, is billovers through physical flows. So if you have a factory at the border of a country, then possibly most of the emissions and the pollution might happen in the neighboring countries. And here it's still very hard with the data we have to attribute the responsibility for this type of pollution to the country where the factory is actually located. And that applies to air flows. It would also apply to water flows as well. And so in terms of timeline where we aim to have the approach published in the fall and at least the first reports, sometimes in 2021. Let me hand it over to my colleague Finn Warren, who will share with you some of the online data platforms and the tools, the interactive tools that we've developed over the years to give visibility to the spillover effects and to connect some of the great research and science that is being done to what policymakers need to see and need to have in their hands in order to understand the importance of this aspect. So Finn, over to you. Finn, sorry for interrupting. We can't hear you clearly. Maybe you can just put your microphone closer to your mouth. That would be amazing. How is it now? Sorry, that's better. Thank you. No problem at all. I'm keeping my presentation today very brief. I'm just going to introduce you to two tools that we have built for you to explore the spillover index as well as the 12 spillover indicators that we have. And I'm going to share my screen now. I hope you can see my screen now. You should see a big map in different shades of blue. Yes. You can? Yes, we can. Great. So this is the first tool that I'm showing you today is the interactive dashboards that we have built for the sustainable development solutions at the Sustainable Development Report 2020 that we just launched on Tuesday. And I'm focusing here specifically on our platform for visualizing spillovers. And the link for that is dashboards.sdgindex.org slash map slash spillovers. And for your convenience, I'm just going to copy that to the chat right now. Right here. There you all go. And so what you see here is a map. And in darker shades of blue, you see countries that are causing fewer negative spillovers on the world. And in lighter shades of blue, you are seeing countries that are causing high amounts of negative spillovers. Sorry for the sidebar that keeps popping up here. I think it's because I'm sharing my screen. Let me make it a little bit smaller. And so what you can do here is you can actually use this map to dig down into the various indicators that make up the spillover index. So you have the different dimensions here that Guillaume has already mentioned, the environmental dimension, the economy and finance dimension, and the social and security dimension. And you can click on one of these indicators to actually visualize the performance on that indicator. So let's say we look at CO2 emissions embodied in imports. What you can see is which countries are causing high amounts of CO2 emissions abroad to their consumption and their imports, and which ones are causing relatively small amounts of spillovers. And you can click on countries to actually see a numeric value of those spillovers. And you can also see evolution over time. And so you can click on Germany, for example, and see that the CO2 emissions embodied in imports have been growing since 2000. And you can do this for all of our indicators that are part of the spillover index, for example, scarce water consumption. So that is the first tool. And then the second tool that I want to share with you today is our bilateral spillovers platform. And so this is also a map, but what makes it different from the platform that I just shared is that this tool really allows you to not only see the amount of spillovers that the country is causing on the world, but to see in which particular countries those spillovers are being caused. So let's say we click on Germany, for example, and now we're seeing how consumption in Germany is generating greenhouse gas emissions in other countries. And we can actually see in which countries those greenhouse gas emissions are being caused. So we see those are happening in China, primarily, and then also some in Russia in the United States. And this is in kilograms per 100,000 population. And you can also change this to show it in absolute terms if you want to know the total amount of spillovers that Germany is causing in the world. And again, you can check out our different indicators, for example, fatal accidents at work. And so the idea for this tool is really to dig deeper and understand not just how big the amount of spillovers are that the country is causing, but to identify which countries these spillovers are being caused in. Lastly, let me just say we are currently exploring ways to make our spillover tools even better. And we're particularly interested in this bilateral spillover platform to add time-serious dimensions to allow you to understand how spillovers are evolving over time. And we're also exploring ways to disaggregate spillover effects by sector so that you can see then which sectors, for example, Germany is causing the most spillovers in. And that is it. I'm just going to copy this link as well so you have this into the chat and then I'll hand it back over to you. All right. Thank you, Guillaume and Finn for sharing insights on the Sustainable Development Report and elaborating on spillover effects and on the data visualization tools on bilateral spillovers which is funded by the IBM set. So now we are open for questions. So please send us questions for the first Q&A. Let me look what we have. All right. So the first question is for you, Guillaume. How are the regions of respective regional reports chosen? Why are there some regions more present than others? Yeah, thank you, Nicole. That's a great question. So far and what I understand by regions is the continental editions that we're doing. So far we've done three reports for Africa. So the third one is launching in two weeks. We've done one report for Latin America. We have done one report for Europe. We have done one report for the Arab region and one report for countries in the Mediterranean area. So it covers relatively a large extent of the world. We also have the global edition which covers obviously all countries and this essentially this work is done in close partnership with our networks. So we have SDG centers in Africa, in Kigali, in Rwanda. We have in Latin America also in Bogota, Colombia. And we have also centers in the Arab region. And obviously I'm based in Paris here so we work closely with the commission and with Europe on the SDGs. Maybe the only region and we're discussing also a report also for Asia and Southeast Asia as the countries. So I think in terms of representation we're actually really trying to cover as much as we can. These reports are important because at the global level we're limited in terms of the data that we can use. So if I take the example of Europe, we cannot use in the global edition the data and the fantastic work done by the European commission whether it's through Eurostat, the joint research center, DG environment and other great institutions of the European commission because these data are not compatible with the rest of the world. But in the European edition we're able to develop into those data sources and really to let's say contextualize a bit more the data work. We're also able to contextualize a bit more the policy messages and I think here, and just to connect with the spillover issue, if you look at our 2019 edition of the European Development Report, we really make a call for Europe and this was released in November so that at the very start of Vandals-Leyen commission. We really made a call for Europe to increase coherence between what is done domestically let's say on circular economy plastic use and what it does internationally. So I think in this context the transshipment of waste to Southeast Asia, if you want to be coherent should possibly be reduced drastically and if anything Europe should also help and build capacity in other countries to deal with their waste and with plastic use as well. So that's just to say that we're able to contextualize in these regional reports a bit more the policy issues and the data work and a final point to say that the second edition of the European Report is going to come out next November so we're currently working on it and we're going to do extensive public consultation in the next couple of weeks. Okay, thank you very much and I have a second question for you that is what are in your view the implications of COVID-19 on globalization international supply chains and spillovers? Yes that's a question that keeps coming back and I think it's a great it's a great question. I mean the first thing is that I think going back completely going backwards on globalization completely would have a huge a huge cost especially for for low income countries but also for our economies so there's definitely I think there's two main debates here is how do we let's say strengthen our efforts to clean the supply chains and regulate globalization even more and I think here the work from the University of Sydney but also other researchers really starts showing that if we don't take care of that we're increasing the likelihood of future pandemics so there's really an argument here with COVID to say look let's let's take this issue speaking with the phone so that's one aspect of things how do we use COVID to say look we need to do further efforts and clean these supply chains whether it's for soy, food sector, coffee and other important supply chains and how do we make them compatible with the SDGs Agenda 2030 and the Paris Climate Agreement the other part of the conversation is on the aspect of dependencies and that's to me a separate question here and I think some especially in the European context we have seen that some countries have been put in a situation where they were dependent when it comes to strategic medical equipment and I think here there's a real question and that's a societal question so I won't answer it today but I definitely think it will lead at least in France right now there's a whole debate around this is what are the key strategic supplies especially medical supplies where we need to make sure that we internalize at least some of the production or at least make sure that we have the ability when these kinds of pandemics or virus outbreak happen we have the capacity to actually increase significantly our production for key personal protective equipment or test kits for instance what are the two angles for me for me COVID really calls for cleaning even more the supply chains which might increase the likelihood of future pandemics and on the other hand it might lead to a reflection on where our dependencies and what are the strategic supplies where we need to keep some of the production internally domestic okay thank you very much and also thank you for all of the other questions but since time is running we now turn to our next panelist and I'm very happy to welcome Dr. Aronima Malik from the University of Sydney she's a researcher and lecturer and her research is interdisciplinary and focuses on the assessment of social economic and environmental impacts using input output analysis so Aronima please unmute yourself and you can also turn your camera on we can see the slides and we are good to go thank you thank you to the GIZ team for the invitation to speak at this event is my sound coming out alright yes we can hear you clearly yep so in this presentation I will talk about the work that we are doing at the University of Sydney in quantifying spillover effects using multi-regional input output tables next slide please a little bit of context on the sort of research that we do in terms of sustainability assessments we really look at all three spheres of sustainability so environmental social and economic some of these indicators were mentioned in Guim's presentation for example greenhouse gas emissions we had occupational health and safety so these environmental social and economic indicators and the development of these indicators linking these to multi-regional input output tables and then quantifying the spillover effects what are the impacts on developing countries who is driving these impacts again from an ETA basis and also from a time series perspective next slide please so just to start off by giving an example of one indicator which we published couple of years ago in 2012 so my colleagues quantified the impacts of international trade on biodiversity threats and this world map essentially shows the interactions between different world countries so for example if you are consuming coffee you just have a cup of coffee are you impacting any species around the world from your consumption of coffee so coffee consumption of course drives biodiversity threats in developing countries that was the key finding of this paper and also other commodities that are bought by developed nations so in terms of biodiversity threats why is consumption driving these threats in developing countries so how do these supply chains come into play and how can we actually quantify these impacts next slide please so looking at the supply chain perspective we do the quantification from an upstream supply chain perspective so starting off with consumption down at the bottom and if you are consuming a particular item be it a piece of clothing or coffee or you're buying electronic items or furniture then you're essentially driving impacts on the supply chains and the way this happens is that your demand for consumption of course drives the production of that item that needs to be delivered to you or you go to a shop for buying a particular item for the production of that item that particular sector that produces that item needs to get inputs from a range of other sectors in the economy so the economy at a national level or at a global level is very much interconnected so for consumption for example input of food, resources goods, energy and services and if each of these sectors in turn need to supply for satisfying consumer demand then these sectors in turn need to interact with the rest of the economy be it the national economy or the global economy so again you have a layer up in the supply chain we call this the upstream supply chain we have F for food, resources goods, energy and services and then a layer up in a way that you have this upstream supply chain that goes like this so for supply chain assessments we use multi-regional input-output tables and we use these tables because they capture nicely the interactions between different sectors in different countries so input-output analysis this has been around for a while and Vasily Leontyp the picture that I have on this slide he got a Nobel Prize for coming up with this technique and input-output analysis relies on the so-called input-output tables and I have a really simple schematic on this slide where I have the sectors listed in the rows and the sectors listed in the columns so you have the goods and services for example going from a construction sector in a country to the mining sector so if the mining sector needs equipment for example then you have an interaction between the mining and the construction sector and so on so a large matrix would have lots and lots of numbers encompassing these interactions and capturing these interactions between sectors and between countries so this slide basically shows a heat map where you can see these dots with different colors so this is a heat map for the global economy for 189 countries with 15,000 sectors in the rows and 15,000 in the columns for 189 countries and this is the global trade model that we use here at the University of Sydney it's also known as EORA which I think many of the people on call are probably aware of multi-regional input output tables they capture international trade between 189 countries and this is what we call a multi-regional input output table so multi as in it captures the interactions between multiple regions and the sectors within those regions we can link these multi-regional input output tables which are very much financial tables with global data on indicators so the indicators that you mentioned in his presentation are scarce water use we also have biodiversity threats so that's the first slide that I started off with and then we also have other indicators which are environmental, social and economic so recently what we've done is we've developed a new indicator for malaria risk and that is what I'll talk about in the next couple of slides so we've been able to develop an indicator for malaria risk by looking at deforestation of malaria and then linking that again to the global trade database and this paper was recently published in Nature Communications and we found that international trade drives malaria risk in developing countries next slide please next slide there's a bit of lag I can't see the slide so the key finding from this study was that top importers and exporters of malaria risk and you can see in this diagram that the top exporters are of course developing countries that produce goods and services for example coffee and timber which then gets sent off to the developed nations so developed nations are driving these malaria risks in developing countries and we have Germany, US, Japan China, UK, France these countries listed up on top which are the top importer and the exporter is down at the bottom Nigeria and some of these countries in the African continent so linking malaria incidents in developing countries with deforestation as I mentioned and then to commodity production and then to global supply chain network next slide please so here we have a flow map similar to the one that I showed for biodiversity but here this is for malaria risk and we looked at a number of stages of production starting off with primary producers which are primarily in countries in the African continent to the first stage of production which is the processing stage so going from primary to processing and then adding value to a primary product which then gets sent off to another country for final consumptions of final consumers so we have this primary origin and then processing stage all the way to the final destination and we noticed in this study that from an international trade perspective the final consumers are sitting very much in developed countries and they are driving malaria risk in developing nations next slide please I hear the bell so I need to hurry up so just some examples of the commodities that we found in this study so Nigeria for example starting off from the primary producers sends off timber to China for example cocoa beans to Netherlands Germany, Belgium and France Tanzania exports raw tobacco to Europe and Asia for example cotton and wood to India Uganda coffee again to Italy, Germany, Belgium and the US so there is international trade perspective and also how deforestation for the production of these commodities which then eventually gets sent off to other nations for consumption next slide I also wanted to briefly flag in my presentation that we recently also started working and have finalized and submitted and it has recently been accepted a paper on COVID-19 we've linked the disaster information in terms of what sectors are affected by COVID-19 the direct information that we were able to gather from international organizations with the lockdowns in place in various countries what impact does that have on different sectors from a global perspective and also in terms of social economic and environmental indicators because this article is currently under embargo I'm not able to speak about the results but it is expected to come online in plus one in a couple of weeks time we look at the social effects in terms of losses in employment we also look at losses in income because of the COVID-19 pandemic and we also look at the environmental benefit in terms of production in emissions which is a civil lining of this pandemic so we quantify that from a global perspective we again use a multi-regional input-output table for this study and I've shown sort of like a world map with the countries colored in which essentially shows the resolution that we've worked with for this study but again this is something to look out for if you're interested in knowing more about the supply chain implications of the COVID-19 pandemic from a sector perspective and also at a global level next slide so just summing up why do we need to do this assessment so what is the need for analyzing impacts in supply chains so of course we need to recognize issues in supply chains I've given an example of malaria risk which is one indicator that we recently worked on COVID-19 again if you want to see what impact COVID-19 has had on and is still having on international supply chains we are currently working on other indicators as well for example modern slavery so if consumption of goods and services drives child labor in supply chains that needs to be brought to light and rectified as well so identifying hotspots which we hope as researchers would help in raising awareness would help initiating multi-stakeholder engagement for ensuring that these impacts do not happen in the supply chain and of course in terms of raising awareness we need to engage individuals, businesses and all the way to policy makers next slide please thank you alright thank you very much Arnie for your presentation so let's look at the question so let's see let me choose one we have so many questions so could you or is it in this indicator that is also considering livelihood and export countries is the additional income considered in the overall risk so for malaria risk of course in this indicator we've only considered the negative aspect we also acknowledge that export of commodities from developing nations to developed nations provides income and support for people who are producing these goods and services so of course there is therefore a fine line between just saying stop the export which definitely will not be ideal in this scenario because of course these farmers who are producing these agricultural products that get sent off to the nations for export they of course need that income for survival so for this particular indicator we did not consider the positive aspects but in terms of taking away the results of this study for implementing strategies we would of course definitely need to consider the positive aspects of the export of these items which in this indicator we just considered the malaria risk driven by the developed nations all right thank you very much so now since time is like running I would now would like to welcome our third panelist Apollonia Miola she is a senior policy analyst from the OSCD and a senior economist as well as a project manager at the European Commission for more than 15 years so please admit yourself and turn your camera on we can see the slides and we are good to go thank you and good morning to everybody my presentation will be focused on the institutional aspects in managing the transboundary impacts related to the achievement of the SDGs actually the focus is on the 2030 agenda and the fact that the global social and economic consequences of this COVID-19 crisis can reverse important progress made so far in advancing in the 2030 agenda the focus is on this aspect because the multidimensional impacts related to COVID-19 calls for coherent political responses which should also address cross-country impacts related to the COVID-19 and next slide please yeah and the OSCD council recommendation on policy coherence for sustainable development provide the framework and the tools for government to deal with the holistic nature of the 2030 agenda and in particular can support also the recovery from the COVID-19 for the institutions of course it is organized along three main groups of actions and the aim is to support the process of decision making to maximize synergies and minimize the compromises in all areas of economic, social and environmental policies provide also support to balance national, international priorities and also to address the cross border and long-term effects these recommendations this framework is organized along eight main pillars the first is on political commitment and leadership and to promote action by the world government for policy coherence for sustainable development long-term strategic vision the policy integration to capitalize on synergies and benefits across economic, social and environmental policies and then the second group of pillars is about the role of government coordination to mitigate the good divergencies between the central the sectoral priorities and the policies and the next is about sub-national engagement in order to have coordination and coherence among the national and sub-national initiatives to achieve the SDGs the stakeholder engagement in order to involve the civil society but also any sectors of the economy the monitoring reporting and evaluation and with regard to the session of today the policy and financial impacts I think that we can highlight this important pillar which is about the impact assessment of any initiative taken by institutions to achieve the SDGs not just to consider the multidimensional aspects of the 2030 agenda but also to consider the across countries impacts, the trans-boundary impacts. The next slide please. These are the key challenges that we have identified in a study that we started a few months ago and whose report will be published in few months in September and the key challenges are about the analytical framework to identify the spillovers the trans-boundary impacts in terms of methods, models and indicators the former speakers have already provided you with some excellent examples on how you can identify the spillover effects and the trans-boundary impacts but it's also really important to analyze the role of the private sectors in particular the role of the multidimensional enterprises in influencing the SDGs implementation of countries in which they operate and the last slide which is the main the field of the governance department where we work, I work is about the institutional mechanism and the coordination across countries because it's important to identify the trans-boundary impacts but it's also important to provide the government with the tools to manage these impacts and also to coordinate across countries next slide please and this is a schematic representation of the pathways of impacts of country internal and external policies and we'll get to the internal country actions so we can identify three main channels of contagion of impacts, the pathway of impacts one is the economic pathway related mainly on trade and financial regulation the second one is about the social pathway related to social regulations for instance the quality of life and well-being the last is about the environmental pathway related to resource availability and pollution this also create extra country impacts, the domestic national policies economic, social, environmental policies create extra country impacts and again each single pathway of impacts create economic society environmental impacts in external countries and then the last the last point is about the external country action namely the development policies but also the foreign and security policies they can create extra country impacts on economy society and environment it's really complex but it's not just about identification of impacts it's about management in terms of policy of these impacts internal and external and vice versa because also the country and the country policy the domestic country policies can be affected by other country policies. Next slide please and I think that you can also focus more on this picture because in this picture you can see in practice the steps for the policy evaluation and design all the impacts that I have highlighted in the the previous slide should feed this the policy and evaluation design that the country, the government they consider in the formulation in their legislation act and the first point that when they start to design a policy and if they want to for instance also manage the transponder impacts they have also to involve one or more countries and then they can start with the excellent evaluation of the impacts of their of their new policy design. When I talk about excellent evaluation I talk about the identification of possible socio-economic environmental impacts, identification of the possible transponder impacts and identification of the affected country, notification by the countries of origin to the affected countries informing the planet policy actions and the possible impacts consultation between the countries and the identification of the main socio-economic environmental implication both in the countries of origin and in the affected countries and then evaluation of alternative policy options and as you can understand this is very complex in terms of coordination among the countries when you want to design a new policy taking to account the transponder impacts is not just about the analytical framework it's also about the governance aspect, the institutional mechanism that you have to take to put in place to manage the transponder impacts across countries. Then you can also have the policy then the policy revision the policy implementation and interim evaluation of your policies with the identification of the socio-economic environmental impacts identification of the transponder impacts again created the notification consultation and so far so on the policy revision the policy implementation and again the export pardon evaluation you can also see I mean it's already my god it's time to stop it's really complex, it's complex because you have to combine analytical analysis with diplomatic negotiation among the countries next slide please so just a few recommendations we need to define guidelines for integrated SDGs impact assessment framework to identify and manage potential traders and synergies among SDGs and across countries the analytical framework, the index the data set that the speakers the former speakers have extensive have analyzed at the show that they should feed these SDGs impact assessment framework but we need also to define transponder collaborations between expert from different disciplinary background together with across countries collaboration at the governmental level these are the fundamental factor that can support the evaluation of the potential drawback and acceleration effects next slide please we at the OECD governance division department we have already started working to put in place this collaboration and we are going to establish the portal on SDGs governance that will be launched in few weeks but I think that the more important aspect is a component of the SDGs governance portal which is the PCSD observatory and observatory which will include the three main components a component on thematic analysis and research which will be focused also on transponder impacts and which will establish an international network of institutions working on this to identify the transponder impacts but also a network of countries governments to share the best practice in managing the transponder impacts but also all the pillars that I have listed in the first slide we will put also in place a specific component for new countries to align the European semester with the SDGs and we will provide also support and guidance for government and I think this is a key element of the to put in place a global management of the transponder impacts which is the collaboration among international institutions and governments to manage the transponder impacts. Next Next slide please. If you are interested I think that you can in any case check our portal, OECD portal that the slides are available and we will publish the report on transponder impacts institutional and methodology to deal with the transponder impacts in few months so we will share this report with you all and then questions. All right, Apollonia thank you very much for your presentation so please for the last Q&A session ask questions in the in the chat so I can see we already have a question can you give more information about the PCSD observatory? Yeah actually this is we are still designing this observatory which will be probably launched by the end of this year and this is a supporting knowledge platform for the implementation of the PCSD recommendation the recommendation on policy clearance for sustainable development and as I said it will be it will consist of three main components a component will be to support the governments to implement the PCSD framework will provide them with an international database on the best practice and good practice in implementing policy coherence for sustainable development in particular to achieve the SDGs and it will provide also a toolkit toolkit assessment which is for the government to build the capacity to achieve the PCSD in their national context a second component will consist of knowledge management and also in developing a new analytical framework to develop a new research analysis it will start with the COVID-19 on the COVID-19 focus and the transbandware impacts and as I said we will publish a report on transbandware impacts in September or October but very soon and then this component will be open to the country request for additional analytical research activities and then a third component which is a component focused on collecting country experience at regional national regional and global level on PCSD and a sub component of this will be focused on European Union and the alignment of the European semester with the SDGs the focus of course is on policy coherence for sustainable developments and on the institutionals and any tools that can support the countries to implement the PCSD is a knowledge platform so it will provide it is a sort of brokerage the main activities is knowledge brokerage just one component to develop a new analytical and studies Okay, thank you for answering the question so now for the remaining five minutes we would like to focus as announced on the graphic recording so all of you should see the drawing that was made now during this event so in the beginning you could see it was almost empty so now I will also turn off my camera so you should see now like the picture fully and so Anna would you like to like share three highlights with us that you have experienced through this webinar? Hello Barbara yes thank you very much for giving me the opportunity to say something about well I'm quite overwhelmed I must say and as I said before talking is not my key competence and I think I'm probably the only one who is not an expert here in this round and I'm just really impressed of what's going on and really I can't think of any highlight I just think it's all just very impressive and I will try to learn more about it Thank you very much so Guillaume would you like to give like a final remark based on the during? Absolutely and first of all let me congratulate Anna that's absolutely beautiful and just that first glance I think it summarizes very well what we discussed today let me thank again everyone for joining today it's an event that we usually do in New York at the high-level political forum so we've been doing it for the past three years with the GIZ but one of the positive things of the situation is that we've never had so many people joining this event since we are now doing it remotely and I see that we still have more than 160 people still so I think we managed to capture at least the interest of some of the participants today let me also say one thing because I see that there's quite a number of questions that were not answered within the chat I'd be very happy for those that were targeted at Finn and I to answer also and follow up by email after the event so just focusing on this picture on this drawing and also from what we discussed I think there's three main points here that I'd like to emphasize I mean the first one which I think was very clear from Arunima's presentation in our presentation in our work within the SDSN is that multi-regional input cables are very powerful econometric tools that allow us really now to track in a rather systematic way and including over time some of the impacts that are embodied into consumption and trade and I think in the COVID-19 context they remain more relevant than ever and there's obviously the study from Arunima which is specifically focusing on COVID but this is a tool I think which is extremely powerful and at the same time there's still a need I mean these are quite complex models as you have seen there's still a need to raise awareness and bring these issues to policy makers and I think that's one of the big aspect of our work within the SDSN and that's why we try to summarize our findings within the policy sections of our report but also to build online data tools to provide an easy access for non-experts and laymen audience for policy makers so that they can understand where are they having impacts what are the impacts in which supply chains and how to take action so that's the first point then I think a broader point and I think it was discussed in all three presentations is that this is obviously a very relevant discussion an aspect for the future of the European Commission so Apollonia mentioned the work that they are doing on the European semester and also mobilizing our networks for let's say bringing together the European semester and bringing it closer to the content of the SDGs and the climate agenda and Paris climate agreement and I think this issue of spillovers is really a very important aspect that should be part of the European Green Deal and where the EU can really become among the leaders globally on those issues there's no place here to fill and by leaders it means bringing those issues in some of the international forum whether it's the G20, the high level political forum but also in its bilateral interaction including for instance with China and there's a very big Europe-China meeting in September and I think these issues and the question of the supply chains are obviously very important a third point and my final point is that in the three presentations I think there's really a need moving forward to connect a little bit better the work that's done on the performance metrics the outcome data, the impact data so that were covered primarily by Arunima in my presentation today with the elements from public governance and essentially to strengthen our understanding of what good governance for spillovers and for managing transparency and transboundary impacts means and how this would look like and this is something that we have discussed with all the panelists here in the past but this is really something I think where we want to do more work with the OECD, with the University of Sydney and within DSDSN on this issue finally that you just mentioned some of the forthcoming reports that were mentioned Boronia mentioned this OECD book on transboundary impacts for the fall obviously feel free to go and take a look at all the fantastic work of the PCSD team the University of Sydney study on COVID-19 and their fantastic study on malaria risk as well using MRIO and then in DSDSN we launched two days ago the SDR 2020 with the spillover index we're launching our next European edition in November and finally we're going to release soon a working paper using public production-based accounting and consumption-based accounting to track countries' environmental impacts. I'll stop here, thank you once again to all the participants but also to the GIZ team for organizing the meeting and I'll hand it over to you, Nicole. Thank you very much. Thank you also a big thank you to Finn, Apollonia and Aronima for participating and a huge thank you to you, Guillaume for your presentation and also for this final remark now I hope you enjoyed the session I hope your energy level is still up minus and yeah that's it for today and have a great rest of your day and stay safe and thank you very much Bye Bye, thank you