 Hi. Good afternoon, everyone. Good afternoon. My name is Arvind Raman. I'm the John A. Edwards Dean of Engineering at Purdue University. Welcome to all those who are here in person and to all those joining us online. To this event, celebrating Lillian Muller-Gilbreath. Lillian Muller-Gilbreath was a scientist, inventor, advisor, teacher, Purdue Engineering professor extraordinaire. Today's event, which is taking place during Women's History Month, is divided into three parts. The first part is a review of her legacy, both at Purdue and beyond. The second part is an investiture ceremony for a prestigious postdoctoral program we have in her name. And the third part of it is an invited seminar given by a Lillian Gilbreath lecturer from the National Academy of Engineering. To kick off the events now, I'd like to invite Beth Holloway, professor of practice in the School of Mechanical Engineering, senior assistant dean, and the Leah Jamison director of the Women in Engineering program. Please join me in welcoming Beth. Good afternoon, everybody. It's great to see you all here. And I'd like to add my welcome to you all as well. The Lillian Gilbreath fellowships focus on both interdisciplinary research and potential for broad impact comes directly from the legacy of Dr. Lillian Muller-Gilbreath and her approach to solving problems and the reasons that she did her research. Dr. Gilbreath was a professor at Purdue from 1935 to 1948 and was our first woman professor in engineering. And actually in the biography of her life and career making time, I brought the book in case anybody wants to borrow it from me. Dr. Gilbreath was reported to be the first woman professor of engineering in the United States. I think it's true, but it also said that there were no women in engineering as students between 1935 and 1948, which is also not true. So it might be true. More research needed. But Dr. Gilbreath was a government consultant during World War II, and she worked with General Electric improving the efficiency of kitchens and kitchen appliances. Have you ever all ever seen that garbage can? You put your foot down, the lid pops up? That was one of her inventions actually. She also developed items like refrigerator door shelves. It's pretty handy that we all use. She improved surgical operating procedures. She designed equipment and procedures for disabled vets, veterans, and homemakers. And her work had a broad impact on industry and society, and she served as an advisor on a variety of issues to six different U.S. presidents. You can see that her research spanned a number of different areas and different industries. She was the first woman elected to the National Academy of Engineering, and she was the first official member of the National Society of Women Engineers, member number one. In summary, she revolutionized engineering with her interdisciplinary approach of combining psychology and engineering to create industrial engineering as we now know it, and she is sometimes referred to as the mother of industrial engineering, which is interesting because through all of that work that she did, she was very intentional about creating work-life balance while raising 12 children. I cannot imagine. Two was enough for me. Several years ago, when the College of Engineering began the Gilberth Postdoctoral Fellows, we heard from emeritus professor of industrial engineering and former head Ferd Limkuler, who knew Dr. Gilberth and her work quite well, and here's what Dr. Limkuler had to say about her. And I quote, Lilian's unique specialty was the optimal design of comprehensive systems of humans doing demanding technical work in, for example, steel mills, factories, shipyards, hospitals, large offices, schools, food production, kitchens, medical supplies in areas, large retail stores, and even professional sports. Her 100-year-old PhD thesis on that topic is still in print and studied today. Her ideas are the root of the Toyota system of auto production that emerged after World War II, and a recent biographer called her America's Madam Curie. Someday she will be seen as a modern Leonardo da Vinci. That's quite a quote, actually. I like to think that she would have felt very honored to have this fellowship program created in her name, and particularly here at Purdue. After all, she once said, I think we should always be on the lookout for new leaders, for young people with a new slant on things. We don't want these young people to think the past was perfect. We want them to sit here and let the, we don't, oh sorry, almost messed that really bad. We don't want them to sit here and let the world go to pieces. Indeed, we want our young researchers to take bold new leaps forward for the benefit of society. So at this time, I'd like to invite Dr. Tamara Kinzer-Ursim to this stage for the investiture portion of today's events. Good afternoon. It is my absolute pleasure to be able to recognize the 2023 Fellows at this investiture ceremony. The Lillian Gilbreth postdoctoral fellowship program was established in 2018 to attract and prepare exceptional individuals with recently awarded PhDs for career and engineering academia through interdisciplinary research, training, and professional development. Its grants early career researchers and engineers the freedom and the opportunity to pursue their passions. Today, we celebrate three brilliant individuals who in the spirit of Lillian Gilbreth are working at new frontiers on solutions to grand challenges. You may not know their names yet, but the in time, the impact of their work may make them household names. The Lillian Gilbreth postdoctoral fellows are selected not only for their outstanding academic achievements and proposed groundbreaking research, but also for their potential for broad reaching impact on industry and society. The fellows team with faculty mentors in at least two different engineering fields for the research projects. These three fellows that we're celebrating today are the highest caliber individuals with strong potential for successful academic careers at the most prestigious institutions in the United States and around the world. Congratulations to all the Lillian Gilbreth fellows. At this time, I'm going to it's my honor to introduce the Sears Fellows, a cohort of fellows, and I invite Dean Rahman and Dr. Holloway back onto the stage to help with the investiture ceremony. Our first fellow is Jiaojie Lu. Jiaojie completed a PhD in mechanical engineering at Northwestern University. She works with co-advisors Shulin Ruan, professor of mechanical engineering, and Dr. Zhang Romay, Richard and Judith Wien, associate professor of chemistry, and Dr. Tian Li, assistant professor of mechanical engineering. The goal of their project is to enable cooling paints that are durable under realistic weather conditions and switchable between heating and cooling for all seasons' benefits, and to explore cellulose-based materials and applications for cooling and atmospheric water harvesting. Dr. Lu's field of research includes experimental and theoretical investigations of thermal transport at solar interfacial evaporation and passive radiative cooling. So congratulations. Our next fellow is Shoko Lingnam Sentil Nathan. Shoko Lingnam is completing his PhD in aerospace engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He will work with Dr. Adrian Pugasa-Tapole, associate professor in mechanical engineering, and Dr. David Umulus, professor of biomedical engineering, and the senior vice provost for Purdue in Indianapolis, on a research project that integrates computational biophysics and machine learning to understand morphological changes in tissues. Dr. Sentil Nathan's research interests lie in developing neural network metamodels to replace traditional partial differential equation solvers. Congratulations. Next, I'd like to invite up Lily Wang to the stage. Lily earned her PhD in electrical engineering at Yale University. She is conducting research with Dr. Keith LeGrand, assistant professor of aeronautics and astronautics, and Dr. Shreya Sundaram, the Marie Gordon associate professor of electrical and computer engineering. Their area of research is in distributed multi-sensor, multi-object trafficking and classification. Dr. Wang has research interests in distributed computation and estimation, networked control systems, multi-agent systems, machine learning and distributed optimization. Congratulations. All right, and I'm going to ask for another round of applause for all three of these outstanding fellows. So congratulations to all of you. You represent the best of Purdue, and we are thrilled to be here to celebrate and honor you and your achievements in the classroom, the lab, and in the field. We congratulate you on what you have done and look forward to what you will do next in your bright, bright futures and careers. So with that, I'd like to introduce our keynote speaker, Dr. Jean M. von Bresen. She is the Duquesne light professor in the departments of civil and environmental engineering and engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University. She is currently serving as the director for the division of chemical, biological, environmental, I'm sorry, bioengineering, environmental and transport systems in the directorate of engineering at the U.S. National Science Foundation. She was selected for this position for her expertise in interdisciplinary engineering research, which helps NSF advance scientific frontiers and addresses clean energy, climate change, and other national challenges. Dr. von Bresen conducts important research on water quality that impacts local, state, and national and international policy and engineering practices. Her research is in environmental systems with an emphasis on the role water plays in energy and urban environments. She is a recognized expert in both water sustainability and biogeochemistry and drinking water and natural water systems. Dr. von Bresen is a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and its Environmental Water Resources Institute, as well as the Association for Environmental Engineering and Science Professors, and the American Association of Advancement of Sciences, or AAAS. Dr. von Bresen has received numerous awards, only list a few here. These include the 2015 American Society for Civil Engineers Margaret S. Peterson Award, and she was selected as the National Academy of Engineering Gilbreth Lecture in 2011. Please join me in welcoming Dr. von Bresen. Thank you for that wonderful introduction and thank you all for being here. Is that in an okay spot? Yeah. Thank you for coming. I was asked to talk a little bit about my research, but more about life, and it's kind of a challenging topic to bring before this group. But I hope that you'll stay with me as I talk about confluence, both confluences that happen in research and confluences that happen in life. What's a confluence? Why in the world did I pick that title? I'm not really a hydrologist, but in hydrology, a confluence is the point where two flowing bodies of water come together and merge to form a new flowing body of water. This is the confluence where I live. I'm from Carnegie Mellon, and I live in Pittsburgh. This is the confluence of the Allegheny and the Minangahela River. They come together, they join, they form the Ohio River. Then it goes 1400 kilometers downstream to its next confluence, where it meets up with the Mississippi and then flows down with the Mississippi all the way into the Gulf of Mexico. The term confluence has been generalized to mean more than that beyond hydrology. It means how other things come together, lots of things flowing together, meeting and gathering in a point. I really love that definition and that generalization because that's what life feels like to me. It feels like a series of coming together and gatherings and flowing together and people enter our lives, they affect us and then they travel on to their next confluence and so do we. I'm going to talk to you today about the way my research and my life flow together. Along the way, I'm going to talk about mentoring, which has been really critical in my own life. Mentors are incredibly important. They're guides to us in life. We trust them because they've been through these confluences before. They've experienced the rapids and the challenges and they've survived and thrived. We trust them because they've experienced what we're going through and they share their guidance. So I'm going to start my story and I promise it won't be longer than 30 minutes, but I'm going to start with being born in the 1960s. And this is a picture, probably the only picture where my older brother Eric and my younger sister Debbie and I actually sat still for my parents for a picture because I spent most of my childhood doing other stuff, not sitting for pictures. It probably won't surprise you that I loved biking and climbing and it surprised my mother a little bit, but I was a field researcher from the start. I poked around in leaf packs and got dirty and really explored the world and I was a budding scientist from the beginning. And even in the very beginning of my life, I had mentors. Of course, we didn't call them that, right? This is my mom, Betty, and she was one of my first mentors. My mom thought it was okay that I was a little odd, right? Like, some of you may be able to relate. You know, I didn't like necessarily the things that other kids liked and I thought prime numbers were really, really neat. And she kind of said that's okay, right? It's okay to be that way. And that was wonderful. That's really, really important for people to hear that who you are is who you're supposed to be. And the other call out I want to do here is for Mrs. Flynn. Mrs. Flynn was my third grade teacher and my fifth grade teacher, so I got to experience her twice. And she was the teacher who sees how special you are, how unique you are, and she doesn't think it's weird. She thinks it's good, right? And those teachers are incredibly important. She's the teacher I called mom by mistake and, you know, all the other kids laughed at me, but she took me aside later and said that was really, really a compliment. And that meant a lot to me, right? So I had these wonderful mentors and the path that I took from that auspicious beginning, right? Great mentors, wonderful people who believed in me. To Professor Carnegie Mellon, what was not all smooth traveling. I got waylaid in middle school as, you know, some of you again may relate. I did not have a good experience in the beginning part of my middle school and my parents really stepped up and moved me out of the school I was in, which was not encouraging of my mathematical proclivities and into a private girl school, which was really wonderful. They really, really supported me and my parents, of course, came to my graduation. That'll be kind of a theme. And then I went on to high school, which I did at a very large public high school. I in fact left my middle school and went to this high school because of the science labs. I toured a lot of places and I said I really need a good chemistry lab. And so I went to East High School. It was a wonderful place. And then I went on to Northwestern, also a terrific place. And at Northwestern, I tried yet again to leak out of the academic pipeline. I started as a interdisciplinary scientist and then a chemistry major and then a chemical engineering major and then a biomedical engineering major and then I graduated with a degree in education. So I didn't know what I wanted to do, obviously, but my parents were both teachers and this seemed like a really, really great career and it is. And I enjoyed being a teacher. I was a teacher for several years. And as life happens to all of us during that time, I also met and married my husband. We met on my first day on campus and we got married soon after we both graduated. And I went off to be a high school teacher. That is a great job. I really, really loved being a high school teacher right up to the point when I was laid off. So I did a couple of years of high school teaching and then I got rift, reduction in forces and had to think about what to do next. This is a confluence, right? You can tell it is because this is how we picture confluences. We go downstream and we look up and we say, look, those two rivers came together. What does a confluence look like before you get to it? Well, it just looks like the rest of the river, right? Like you're on a river. You have no idea that something big is about to happen with this confluence and I certainly didn't expect to lose my job. So confluences are unpredictable. You don't know what you're going to do next. And when you reach these confluences, mentors are incredibly important. Mentors share their life experience. They're not just telling you about the technical world. They're telling you about work and life and about the challenges in multiple settings. They're telling you how they overcame the same kind of challenges that you overcame. And they're honest about the fact that they've still got challenges too. And that was incredibly important at this stage in my life because I didn't know what to do. Nothing had ever gone wrong. How could I possibly have lost my job? So I did what many academically inclined people do when they lose their job. I went back to school. And so I went back to Northwestern to get my masters. I was convinced all I was going to do was, you know, retool a little bit, get a master's in engineering. By this time I was married to an engineer, that seemed doable. Thought I would go get a master's in engineering and that was all I was going to do. And at the time that I got back to Northwestern, Bruce Rittman had just arrived. Bruce had moved from the University of Illinois. He was a big name in environmental biotechnology. I didn't know this. I didn't know him at all. Right? I thought, oh, here's an interesting guy. And he was trying to recruit PhD students. And so he sat down with me and he said, you should really do a PhD. I remember this discussion like it was yesterday. Bruce was very confident. He's telling me how wonderful this could be. And I'm going, I don't know anybody with a PhD. I don't know what you do with a PhD. Probably sounds like you'll be overqualified and you'll have to be a professor. That didn't sound like a good deal. You know, like they work way too hard and their offices are kind of dumpy. And I didn't think that this was a good idea. Right? I did not want to do this at all. But Bruce assured me that I would not get stuck being a professor if I did a PhD. And for all of you in the audience, you will not get stuck being a professor. But you might want to be one. I love it. So with that, that idea in place, I kind of thought, okay, I can do this. And I did what people do in graduate school. I had a ton of fun. I studied things that I had no idea why I was studying them, but they were super interesting. I studied bacterial thermodynamics. I will not tell you about that, but there are six people on the planet me included who think this is the most cool thing in the whole world. And it is that topic and organic chelating agents, they came together really formed the foundation of the first 10 years of my research. And of course, I graduated. And of course, my parents came, which was wonderful. As life happens, and as confluences come to us when we least expect them, we had also invested in a slightly additional complication to our lives. So this is my son, John, pretending to be me at my graduation. So along the way, we had decided to add to our lives. And you know, confluence was our funny things. When you reach the confluence, which is the point where the rivers come together, in Pittsburgh, we literally call this the point. And that's point state park. We're not very creative. So you get to that point and you know the rivers have come together. But the rivers that are coming together are often really very different. So in the Allegheny and the Mon, ice actually forms in the Allegheny much sooner than it does in the Mon. And the Mon has really a lot of sediment load. So you've got these two rivers coming together and they are really different. Now, back here before that one, these are navigationally controlled rivers. There's locks and dams. We move a lot of coal on these from, you know, we stepped down in each of these locks. So these look really calm. But a lot of confluences are not calm. A lot of confluences are turmoil and rapids and there's just a ton of stuff going on. And that's really more of my experience with life confluences. They don't look like this nice navigationally controlled thing in Pittsburgh. So here's a favorite quote of mine from Eric Hoffer who's a philosopher. We can never really be prepared for that which is wholly new. We have to adjust ourselves and every radical adjustment is a crisis in self-esteem. We undergo a test. We have to prove ourselves really to ourselves. And it needs subordinate self confidence to face drastic change without inner trembling. I just love that whole quote. And I'm here to tell you, just in case anybody thinks I seem really confident, that I have always faced change with significant inner trembling. I do not make it there. But I have made it through anyway. My son was one of those drastic changes. Becoming a mother really changed a lot of things in my life and it was a confluence that was incredibly complicated. John was an incredible child, of course, still is an incredible man now. He always told me to stop and smell the flowers. In fact, if you've had toddlers, you know, like there's no choice. They don't tell you to stop and smell the flowers. They drag you to the flowers and make you stop. And he was also a kid who really had ideas. He was going places from a young age. He knew what he wanted to do. He thought prime numbers were really cool too. And I at this point felt that it was my job to make sure he had all those opportunities. We were going to be closely entwined our lives for decades and of course forever in our hearts. But this, the rapids of this change, this really changed everything. And so I decided to leak out of the academic pipeline. It was really a theme for me. I was going to go in a nice safe job with good hours and good benefits. And at this point, something really important happened in my life. Oh, I'll get to that in a second. But good mentors, they listen. They listen and they reflect and they observe and they help us solve problems. And what happened to me at this point in my life is I met a really, really good listener. And he was actually just a one-time mentor, although I've known Alan Stone a long time before this and after this event. But this particular conversation was unique. And I want to tell you about this conversation because one-off conversations like this matter. If we take the time to really listen to people and really share our experiences and help other people, you have no idea when it's going to matter. You have no idea when the one conversation you randomly have at breakfast at that conference is going to change someone's life, as this one did. So Alan and I met at a conference after Bruce had offered me a postdoc. So I finished my dissertation. I had graduated and Bruce said, you know, Gene, I'm going to go finish my book. I'm going to go out of the country for a while and not talk to anybody. People could do that. There were no cell phones. He could just disappear for an entire semester and finish his book. So he wanted me to stay and be a postdoc, but not really a postdoc. He wanted me to manage his group and teach his classes and kind of be a professor in waiting. And that sounded okay, but he was not going to pay me enough. And so I decided I was going to turn down this job. And I met Alan at this conference and Alan asked casually, so you finished your PhD and you know, what are you doing next? And I said, yep, I'm about to turn down this job with Bruce because it doesn't fit. It doesn't pay enough to pay my mortgage and I got a kid in daycare and like, I got stuff I got to do. I can't take this job. And Alan really listened. Alan didn't say your career is more important. Take the low paying job and just do it. And he didn't say your family's more important. Give this up and go do something else. Alan gave me the best advice I've ever gotten. And so I'm going to share it with you all. He said, from now on, you have to understand that people will actually want to hire you, right? People want you to come and work for them. Don't say yes or no to an offer. You have to say what you need to get to yes. You have to tell them what it would take for you to do the job. Now, many of you are probably much better negotiators than I was and you already knew that. But this was like eye opening to me. Wait, I could tell someone that no, I didn't want that job, but here's this job I did work. And probably the best thing he said to me and the best thing that maybe anyone has ever said to me, they will make it happen because you are worth it, right? You are worth it. They'll do whatever to get you to stay. So I thought, huh, well, that's kind of interesting. So then being an overachiever, I wrote an entire plan for what that postdoc was going to look like here. All the responsibilities I was going to take on couldn't really do exactly what Bruce wanted because it had to also work for me. It had to be some new research. Here's what it was going to cost. And I gave him this written proposal and Bruce kind of looked at me oddly and then he found the money and he made it happen. And that changed everything for me. I was really not going to be a professor. I was not on track to be a professor. I would not be standing here before you except that Alan told me I should go tell Bruce what I needed. And after that, of course, I did all the things faculty do. So after that postdoc, I went to Carnegie Mellon. I've been at Carnegie Mellon since 1999. It's been the great privilege of my life to work with the people at Carnegie Mellon. Brilliant, incredibly intense people who all want to make the world a better place. So it is terrific. And of course, because life doesn't pause while you're doing wonderful things in the watershed, we had our second child while I was there as well. I'm going to talk very, very briefly about the professoring I do about my research. But I do want to stress that all of the things that are part of being a professor, they are all about learning and helping other people learn. And when I took this position, I really honestly couldn't believe someone would pay me to do that, like to learn and help other people learn. How's that a job? And it's very, you know, it's reasonably well paid. It has good benefits. It has terrible hours, terrible hours. But that's partly because we care so much about helping our students and really helping them make their path forward. So my research is also a confluence. My research is a confluence of natural systems and engineered systems and data systems. And I'm going to take you through that way faster than 25 years of research. But it starts really with natural systems. In natural systems, I study river biogeochemistry and microbial degradation. And more recently, how climate change is affecting river systems. Kind of a busy slide, but at the very top here is the biodegradation of nitrillotriacetic acid. That was what I worked on for my dissertation. It's an unusual chemical. It's biodegraded only under certain conditions, and it's biodegraded only when it's in certain forms. I did some work as well with PCBs where we looked at what kind of biogeochemistry was going to affect the degradation of PCBs and what kind of organisms were going to be involved. The real critical theme that links all of these things together is the geology affected the chemistry and the chemistry affected the biology and the biology decided whether we were going to clean this up. You could modify the chemistry to get the biology to change. You could modify the geology maybe to get things to change and work, but you were limited by the fact that all of these things intersected in how they affected these chemicals. The second big piece of my work has been in engineered systems focusing predominantly on drinking water systems. Again, there is a lot of intersection between the chemistry and the biology that controls drinking water systems and the intersection of energy effects on drinking waters. This is the watershed above the confluence. This is the watershed of the Allegheny River, and all those dots are something we're doing in the watershed. We're extracting oil and gas. We're producing energy with power plants. We're taking water out of the river to use for drinking water. In a watershed, all of that stuff overlaps. It's all the same water, and so my students sample that water both in the watershed and at the drinking water plant, and they look at things that change in the source water. The top plot here is a change in bromide concentration in the source water. The bottom plot is a change in disinfection byproducts. When bromide goes up, so do disinfection byproducts. It's a problem we're trying to study to understand what's making the bromide go up. The last piece that I work in is data systems, and if you work in data systems, it has been a tremendous 20 years. The things we can do now with data sets that have existed forever is truly amazing. Advances in computational capacity and novel approaches to working with data are really transforming every field, and they certainly have been transforming mine. Long-standing work in my group has looked at water security, particularly post 9-11. We spent a great deal of time looking at events that would affect the drinking water system. We look at places where you can place sensors to detect nefarious actions in the drinking water system. We look at laboratory-based flow systems to understand how, if an event happens in the drinking water system, how will we detect that? How will we respond? And most recently, we've been looking at lead concentrations and lead problems in Pittsburgh and other systems. The same theme comes through. These activities are controlled by the biogeochemistry in these systems. It's not one system, it's multiple systems, and it's how they all interact with each other. After that five-minute summary of 25 years of research, I need to acknowledge the many, many organizations that have funded that research through the time. And I have to say at least a word about the imposter syndrome, as it seems to beset academics more than anyone. You've just heard me tell you about a path that went from a few bumps, right? I didn't know what I was doing as an undergrad, but a few bumps that led to chaired professor of engineering at Carnegie Mellon. And you might be wondering how your life could ever go there or how you could ever do what I just described doing. So if you aren't feeling a little bit unsure of yourself and a little bit maybe like you're in the wrong room, you don't have to listen to the next minute. But for the rest of you, for the rest of us, listening to brilliant, capable, successful people tell us about their successes, that doesn't make us feel better. That makes us worry and feel uncertain and unworthy. And the higher we move in academia, the more we think they let us in by mistake, right? We think that we only got here because we're lucky or because we worked hard or because people like us. Okay, it's okay to be lucky and work hard and have people like you, like that's okay, right? I rely on that stuff all the time. But if you're feeling a bit like an imposter sitting here, all I can say to you in this one slide is welcome to the group, right? This is a totally normal thing. We all feel this at some point. I feel this standing up here. I hope that you've noticed on every slide that I acknowledge the graduate students who did this work, they really are the reason I get up every day and go to work. And they are the amazing team that I've had working on these problems with me for a very, very long time. I'm proud to have mentored 24 doctoral students to completion. I've one more nearly done. Students come in and out of our lives. They grow from mentees to colleagues and beyond and good mentors, which I hope I've been one. They make an effort to really know each individual mentee, what they're all about. Some of my students like being in the lab, some of them like modeling, some of them can't wait to get into the field, and they all have real lives too, right? Like other things they're interested in. Mentors are really altruistic. Mentors don't want you to do what they want you to do. They want you to do what you want to do, right? They're really all about figuring out how you can have the impact that you want to have. And they don't have to be wise elders. They don't have to know all of the answers. They don't have to have pithy or cryptic sayings. Try not. Do or do not. I don't have any idea what Yoda meant. I mean, I'm sure he was trying to be encouraging, right? Like he knew Luke could do it, and he wanted Luke to know he could do it, but I'm just imagining what my students would think if I said, don't try it, actually do it. They're engineers. They would say, how do you do it if you don't try to do it? That doesn't even make sense, right? And he couldn't have meant, don't take risks. Don't do stuff unless you're sure. But again, I can see some of my students saying, oh, you don't want me to take any risks. A good mentor knows they're going to be misunderstood, right? At some point along the way, you're going to not be clear. And they encourage those follow-up questions. And even for people to challenge their advice, mentors know they don't know everything. Ultimately, a good mentor establishes the environment in which the mentees accomplishments are limited only by their own capacities. Students and new professionals, they're going to make the most of every opportunity they get. A mentor clears the way and supports the path so they can do that. And of course, as I've said before, life doesn't stop while you're mentoring graduate students and writing lots and lots of papers. Confluences keep happening over and over and over again. Over the past 25 years, the boys have grown up. They have added to their own families. We've lost a few of my dearest in the past few years. But the thing about confluences is that confluences only run one way. Right? Two rivers come together. They form a new river. It moves downstream, flowing on and on and on. Everyone who touches your life is always with you. They continue to flow with you in your river and you in theirs all the way to the sea. So remember that, of course, I didn't get here by myself and neither did you. It takes a whole bunch of caring people to write the story of your life and everyone who guides you is part of that story. Good mentors really do change the world. One of my favorite books has that title, Because You Believed in Me. It's by Marcia McCullen and Patricia Miller. Mentors have been critical to the success of everyone I know. Everyone who succeeds, succeeds through a team. So in my last minute or so, I'll give another shout out to a couple of my mentors. I mentioned my mom and Mrs. Flynn. She's now Dr. DuVall Flynn and I mentioned Bruce. But my colleagues at Carnegie Mellon have been equally amazing throughout my time with them, their collaboration, their support, their belief in me, without which I would not have succeeded and equally a number of colleagues and friends from throughout the country and the world have invested in me and talked with me and worked with me and really changed my life. So I thank you for listening to me about the confluences that have spurred my research and my life and I encourage you most strongly to go forth and mentor. It really will change the world. Thank you. What an amazing message. Thank you so much, Dr. Bryson. I think we can all appreciate the way a mentorship has impacted our lives and I love the metaphors that you brought forward and the confluence and how we all flow together and we build on each other and we pitch in together and we help each other out and that's how we build and make excellent careers and so thank you very much for those words. And once again, I'd like to congratulate the Lillian Brales Postdoctoral Fellows that we have with us here today. This concludes our program and I'd encourage and invite all of you to stay on for the reception that we have. There's kind of snacks and refreshments here. I'd like to again congratulate the fellows and thank Dr. Bryson and thank you for coming and sharing this acceleration with us. Thank you.