 We have seen in previous modules that in speech events conversation is very important because conversation is related with struggle and power and conversation has a structure. If we want to understand it, we have to understand its structure. To understand this structure, we have to take help from a field of study that is known as conversation analysis. This is name of the field of study and this is also name of the method of analysis of conversation. For both, we use this term. Let's see in this module what is conversation analysis. We live in a conversational world. In every speech event, we talk. That may be totally physical but most of the speech events, most of the events in our life, they are partially or totally linguistic related with conversation. If we want to understand our social world, we need to know conversation. If we want to know gender, that is also part of social world. Again, we have to know the structure of conversation. This we can do with the help of conversation analysis. Now, let's define in a formal way what is a conversation. A series of utterances exchanged between two or more people which follows a regular pattern of turn taking. This exchange of utterances between two or more people, it follows a regular pattern of turn taking. That's why we said that turn taking is central to understand conversation. In its definition too, this is given more emphasis. Conversation is also a type of speech event. As such, if it is an event, it too has structure, it too has organization. Let's see this organization, its pattern. I speak, you speak. There is one speaker, the other is listener and you speak and I listen. The listener becomes speaker and speaker becomes listener. This also shows turn taking. It means turns are ordered. This set of ordered turns is called sequences. You know the literal meaning, lefzi matlab of sequences also, order. Turns are in a particular order. These ordered utterances are called sequences. For example, let's see this. This is a conversation. How are you? B says fine, thanks and you. So there is one speaker, the other is listener and after speaker A finishes, then speaker B responds to that. Turn taking is managed. If it is regular, definitely it is regulated. It is managed by certain ways. What are those certain ways? These ways are called methods. Who uses these methods? Members of speech community, members of a community of practice. Members methods means norms of communication which are followed in a social group. That social group may be small, like COP, that may be broader, a speech community. This thing, methods of members, ways of communication in other words, it maintains structure of conversation. We conclude that conversation is an organized speech event and it moves through turn taking that is regulated by members methods or norms of communication followed in a social group.