 Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Adam Navas. And I'm Liz Wade. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. Camila and Enrico were young and in love. But one day Camila discovered something surprising. Enrico had been born with the HIV virus, which attacks the body's immune system. Many of their friends and family did not want Camila to stay with Enrico, but she remained in a relationship with him. Together they faced discrimination because of Enrico's HIV positive status. Thousands of people in Brazil and around the world watched this relationship. Camila and Enrico were characters on a Portuguese-language television program in 2015. Mália Sao Ceu Lugar No Mundo is a well-known Brazilian TV program. Camila and Enrico were very popular characters, but they also addressed a very important issue in Brazil and around the world. Today's Spotlight is on, the latest global situation of HIV-AIDS. What is happening with this very important issue? HIV-AIDS has been a major world issue since the 1980s. The World Health Organization says that since that time more than 70 million people have been infected with HIV. About 35 million have died of HIV. 30 years ago there was a lot of bad or false information about HIV-AIDS. But most people today know much more about the disease. They know that they cannot get HIV from just touching someone. The virus does not pass through sweat, saliva, or urine. This improved information helps people react to the disease in a better way. So what is happening with HIV-AIDS in our world now? There have been both positive and negative changes for HIV-AIDS. Here is the good news. The total number of people infected with HIV is going down. People know more about how to avoid HIV infection. In some parts of the world, rates of HIV-AIDS have decreased a lot. For example, Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rates of HIV-AIDS in the world. But in East and South African countries, the number of people with HIV-AIDS has gone down by nearly 30% since 2010. Botswana's Health Minister Dorcas Magato tells Al Jazeera how her country made this happen. Right from the beginning we decided to come to the issue boldly. We were very open about the size of the problem and did not try to hide from it. We were bold in the sense that we admitted that there was a problem. We were bold in bringing everyone involved together. We had a common purpose in fighting HIV and AIDS. Botswana still has a high rate of HIV at 21%. But this has dropped from 36% in the year 2000. Botswana has a government program that treats every person, no matter their age, sex, or economic status. And they have seen particular improvement in one area, passing of HIV from mothers to their babies. The rate in Botswana has dropped from 40% to less than 2%. Many other countries have a similar drop in mother-to-child transmission. This is one of the major successes against the global HIV-AIDS epidemic. Many people with HIV-AIDS are also living longer. People with HIV-AIDS can take drugs to control the virus. These drugs are called antiretrovirals, or ARVs. By using ARVs correctly, people with HIV-AIDS can live long, productive lives. UN-AIDS is the United Nations' global effort to end AIDS. In a report, they said that for the first time, 53% of the people who need ARVs are able to get them. This is more than twice the number of people who were able to get them in 2012. But not all of the developments with HIV-AIDS are good. In some parts of the world, cases of HIV-AIDS are even going up. NPR reports that new HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have increased by 60%. Most of the cases of HIV-AIDS in countries like Russia and Ukraine are in particular parts of the population. HIV-AIDS is most commonly spread in this area by injecting illegal drugs. But there are people at risk and vulnerable in every country, even wealthier ones. Some people have fewer resources and less social power. The most vulnerable people include women, migrant workers, sex workers, and people living in conflict areas. Vulnerable people have less control over their own safety. They also have less access to HIV prevention, testing, and treatment. And even after 30 years, there is still a lot of stigma around HIV-AIDS. People do not want to talk about it. It seems shameful. The issues around HIV-AIDS are very complex. This shows why the disease is so difficult to deal with. Michel Sidibe is the Executive Director of UN AIDS. He spoke to the Global HIV Prevention Coalition. We must boldly face the structural barriers and basic causes of vulnerabilities. This is what makes prevention so difficult. Unless we address the basic causes of new HIV-AIDS infections, no big change will come. If it was easy, we would have done it by now. So there are many challenges for people living with HIV-AIDS. But there is also a lot of hope for the future. Researchers continue working to find a cure for HIV-AIDS. We do not know when a cure will be available. But we do know that people living with HIV-AIDS are surviving later into life. HIV-AIDS is a very real part of life in every country in the world. We are not all doctors, but everyone can work to fight HIV-AIDS. We can look for true information and share it with other people. You can find links to information on the script page of this program. People can also help decrease stigma. We can care for the people around us, no matter what their status is. As Michelle Sidibey says, We need every single part of society to join us on this journey. We have a roadmap to show the way, and we know the barriers in our path. Discrimination that limits people's access to life-saving information and medicines must be removed. These services belong to everyone, whoever they are, wherever they live, whoever they love. Do you have true information about HIV-AIDS? What can you do to help vulnerable people in your community? Tell us what you think. You can leave a comment on our website, or email us at radio at radioenglish.net. You can also comment on our Facebook page at facebook.com slash spotlight radio. The writer of this program was Reena Dam. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United States. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can hear this program again and read it on the internet at www.radioenglish.net. This program is called The History and Present Situation of HIV-AIDS. Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.