 Go hi, gozaimasu everybody and welcome to basic Japanese class for beginners. In our last class, I had given you some assignments to do at home. I hope you have all done it. Now in class today I will just repeat it with you. I will again do it with you so that you know whether you have done it correctly or not. The first assignment that I gave you was write the names of the objects below. You have some pictures over here on the screen and you were to name them. Well, the first picture over here is origami. Now origami is a Japanese popular art of paper folding. You will notice in these words here that some of the words are made by joining two words. For example, origami over here is a combination of two words, ori and gami. Now ori means to fold and gami means paper. So you join the two words and you get ori-gami. Please remember it is gami and not gami, it is ori-gami. The second one is densha, again a combination of two words. Then means electricity and shamens moving on wheels. So this is densha electric train, kokuban. Please get the pronunciation correctly, properly, repeat after me also kokuban, which of course you know what it is from the picture, senta ki, senta ki, terebi. Now you will see over here that so far we have words written in roman for you. Now over here you have something written in a different script. Now this is one of the scripts of Japanese which is katakana, which we have not done so far. We are only doing hiragana, katakana is a script which is used for foreign words. So terebi is television which is English and so we write terebi in katakana. The next word is saifu which is a wallet, reizouko, refrigerator, boshi. Now you will see over here it has a long sound, boshi means cap. I will just explain it to you a little over here. You can write boshi for a long sound with a double o. You can write it with an o and u for a long sound and also you can put a bow or a dash on top and again it signifies and shows that it is a long sound. For example, boshi, boshi, boshi. So you can write it either which way you want, all are correct please but only you have to keep in mind that the sound is elongated, boshi. Now the next word is nagagutsu. Again it is similar to origami, it is a combination of two words nagai and gutsu. Nagai means long and gutsu means shoes. So a combination of two nagagutsu means long shoes or gambutsu as we know, kagi and we have tebukuro. Te over here is hand and bukuro is something you cover with or a bag. So you cover your hands with something that is gloves. So tebukuro a combination of two words again means gloves. I hope you all got it right. Now the next assignment for you was match the words with the meanings. So you have the Japanese words listed in group A and the meanings for these words in group B. The basic practice here is to memorize all the words and get the pronunciation correctly. So please, let us see what the answers are. Gakusei means a student, sensei a teacher. Now sensei is very interesting because sen means a head earlier or before and sei means to be born. So anybody who is born before you has more experience, knows more, can teach you, so is your teacher. Thus sensei is for teacher, kangofu, isha, shufu as you can see is a housewife, panyasan is a baker, bengoshi is a lawyer, ninensei a second year student, kyoujuu a professor, daigakusei a graduate student, nihonjin a Japanese and gaikokujin a foreigner. Over here, gai means outside, koku means country and gin means a person. So anybody who is not from your country or is from outside your country will be a foreigner. Well, we go on to your next assignment. This was a very simple assignment for you where you were to memorize all the numbers from 11 till 30. A simple practice once again, very quickly we will practice, juu ichi, juu ni, juu san, juu go, juu roku, juu nana, juu hachi, juu kyu, ni juu, ni juu ichi, ni juu ni, ni juu san, ni juu shi, ni juu yon, ni juu go, ni juu roku, ni juu nana, ni juu hachi, ni juu kyu, san juu. So, you will see over here that if you remove the juu from here in the first set from 11 till 19, you get ichi ni san yon go roku nana hachi kyu and in the end you have ni juu. So, ni times 2 times 10 makes it 20. In a similar manner, in kanji if you notice, you will see juu plus 1 makes it juu ichi, juu plus 2 makes it juu ni, juu plus san makes it juu san. In a similar manner, you can go right up till 20 and in the next one as well you have ni juu ichi. So, 2 times 10 plus 1 makes it ni juu ichi, right till 29 and you have 3 times 10 in the end. So, please remember this, this is going to be very important, numbers are important because you will need it for a lot of things later on. Now you had this assignment for where you were to tell from the picture what is the profession of these people. So the first one, let us see what it is. It is piretto, it is written in katakana, oisha san is a doctor, kangoufu is a nurse, eihostes again in katakana, astronotto again in katakana and keika. So, I am sure you can all make out from the picture what they are, what their profession is. You have to see one thing over here which is that all foreign words are written in katakana. So please keep that in mind anything that is not of Japanese origin, it could be German, it could be French, it could be English, it is to be written in katakana. All our names will be written in katakana. Now last time if you remember in the end I left you with this phrase, mata ashita aimashou which means let us meet again tomorrow. I will add this small little phrase before this, sore dewa minasan mata ashita aimashou. It means, sore dewa in that case well then, minasan all of you let us meet again tomorrow. So well, let us meet again tomorrow is what the phrase meant. Now, we have been doing hiragana in the previous two lessons. We have completed quite a few sets earlier, today we will do the ma set or the M sound the letter M and the sound ma. So, again we can combine letter M with a-i-u-a-o and make ma, mi, mu, me, mo. I will write it down for you and then we will do the vocabulary, mi, mu, me. For ma, the words are makura which means pillow, makaroni which you all already know is makaroni, machi means town, mi, mimi, mimi means ear, michi means road, mu, mune means chest, mugi means wheat, me, me means eyes, megane spectacles, momo, peach, mochi, sticky rice cakes which are very popular in Japan are loved by children, moan is a gate, any entrance, any gate, main door of a house or a place is called moan. There is vocabulary for you, more vocabulary which is very very important, you have to learn this vocabulary as it will help you in making sentences later and in talking. Mame, matsuri, mikan, miruku, you can see, miruku is written in katakana again because it is a foreign word, mushi, mura, meishi, meshi. Now these two words, they sound very similar but one is meishi which means a business card and the other one is meshi which is rice or meals, mori, momen. We come to the ya series now, ya, yagi, yane, yakitori, yasai and the meanings are listed over here on the right side for you. Now you will see that after ya we do not have a yi, simple reason that yi is similar to the verbal sound e, thus it has been removed from there and directly we go on to yu, yuki, yuki daruma, yurei, yumei. Now again you will see that after yu, ya is not there, why because ya again is similar to the verbal sound e, so it has been removed from the series and we directly go on to yo, yoru, yumei, yon, yon you have already done, so you will remember it. After the y series we will do the ra series now, the letter R. I will write it again for you, the ya series first and then the ra series, ya, yu and yo. And we have ra, ri, ru, rei and rakuda, rayon, ringo, risu, rutsubo, ruru, rei, reinga, roketo, roboto, after ro we have wa, wa, there is nothing after wa we have o and then the sound n. Now wa, wani, washi, o is a different sound, o is a particle over here and n is to be used with words as in remon, lemon. So, we will do n later on with words for the time being let us see what we have now for you. O and mm, quick pronunciation practice. You remember doing it last time, we will do it again. It will help you in speech as the sounds are new, the letters are new, the words are new, so you will have practice with this pronunciation. Just repeat after me please. O-i-i-e, ho-hi-hi-he, koki-ki-ke, he-hi-hu-ho, sasu-sase, tatsu, koki-ku-ko, nani-ne-no, sase-su-so, nani-nune, sushi-sase, te-chitsu-to, tachitsu-te, mami-mume, tochi-tatsu, me-mi-mu-mo, ha-hi-he-ho, momimime, ho-hi-hi-he, yayu-ya-yo, sashi-sasu, rari-ru-re, ha-hi-ha-hu, re-ri-ra-ro. So, please I hope this is going to help you all. Last time in our previous class, I had done how to answer in positive, kumar-san-wa, ga-ku-sei-desu-ka. Do you remember all of you? Well, kumar-san-wa wa is a particle I told you earlier, ga-ku-sei is a student. This is the verb part and ka, as I told you earlier, makes a statement into a question. So, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei desu-ka. The answer I told you was hi, how to say in positive. Hi, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei desu. Hi, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei desu. Well today, how would you say negative? Kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei desu-ka? Iie, please remember Iie, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei de-wa arimasen. The negative for desu is de-wa arimasen. Iie, no, kumar-san is not a student. Iie, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei de-wa arimasen. So, you could please repeat after me Iie, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei de-wa arimasen. Conversation between two over here, Honda-san and kumar-san, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei desu-ka? Iie, watashi wa ga-ku-sei de-wa arimasen. Therefore, Iie, kumar-san-wa ga-ku-sei de-wa arimasen. Now, you can replace kumar-san for anything. For another noun over here, kumar-san, tomodachi, tomodachi wa ga-ku-sei desu-ka? Hi, tomodachi wa ga-ku-sei desu. Oka-san, oka-san is mother, oka-san wa sensei desu-ka? Hi, oka-san wa sensei desu. So, you can replace this noun over here and this over here with whatever we have done in lesson 2. You can put a name over here, you can put your profession over here. For example, tomodachi wa bengoshi desu-ka? Hi, tomodachi wa bengoshi desu. Or you could also say Iie, tomodachi wa bengoshi de-wa arimasen. So, this is positive and negative. The negative for this is de-wa arimasen. Short answers, hai, sou desu. Or Iie, sou de-wa arimasen. Now, we will do something new today. Where are you from? Where do you come from? What is the name of your country? Something new over here. We will learn this today. This is a simple conversation, a very small conversation here. Konnichi wa ah tomodachi desu-ka? Sou desu, meri-san wa daikaku-sei desu. Hajimemashite, kimu desu. Douzo yoroshiku. Shitsurei desu ga oku ni wa dochira desu-ka? Watashi wa amerika-kara desu. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu. Kim-san wa taiwan-kara desu-ka? Chūgoku-kara desu-ka? Taiwan-kara desu. Dochira-kara desu-ka? This is a simple conversation, a very small conversation here. I will read it out to you first. Then, we will discuss it. So, it is a conversation between three people today. Kim-san, John-san and Meri-san. Konnichi wa ah tomodachi desu-ka? Sou desu, Meri-san wa daikaku-sei desu. Hajimemashite, kimu desu. Douzo yoroshiku. Shitsurei desu ga oku ni wa dochira desu-ka? Watashi wa amerika-kara desu. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu. Kim-san wa taiwan-kara desu-ka? Chūgoku-kara desu-ka? Taiwan-kara desu. So, I know it sounds very strange to you. Lot of things you do not know over here. We will discuss it right now. Well, you can see the conversation is here in the script now. Douchira-kara desu-ka? And you have Kim-san and John. Kim and John written in katakana. You have some Kanji characters here and of course, you can make out the Hiragana now. So, you will notice that Japanese is written in all three scripts and they are used simultaneously. Of course, you can write Japanese in any one of the scripts also, but later on you will realize Kanji is very essential. So, well Kanji you have to learn and slowly during the lessons, we of course, will learn a lot of Kanji. Just go over it. Practice your Hiragana, your katakana and the Kanji that we have done and you will feel comfortable. Now, this is your translation in English. Well, all the time translation cannot be done. It does not sound right. So, in the translations sometimes I have written what is said in English. It may not be literal translation. It is just a gist meaning of what the kaiva is. Konnichiwa. Konnichiwa is a phrase which is used as a greeting anytime you meet someone. Konnichiwa in the daytime. Konnichiwa. It is a simple greeting. Hello, good day. Konnichiwa. Ah, tomodachi desu-ka? Tomodachi means friend, tomodachi is friend. Ah, tomodachi desu-ka? So desu, short answer. Hai, so desu or so desu. Meri san wa daigakusei desu. You have already done daigakusei. Daigakusei means university student, graduate student. So, now what does Kim say to Meri san hajimemashite. Kim desu. Dozo yoroshiku. Shitsure desu ga okuni wa dochira desu-ka? Shitsure desu ga is a phrase which means I am sorry for inquiring, but and whatever follows is what the person wants to know. So, I am sorry. I am asking you something directly like this. Shitsure desu ga I apologize, but okuni wa dochira desu-ka? Kuni means country and o in front of kuni like this is on-rific. For someone else's country, you would always ask okuni wa dochira desu-ka? And for your own self, for your own country, you would just say kuni wa dochira desu-ka? Dochira means where. It is a typical way of asking where are you from, not where is your country. This phrase okuni wa dochira desu-ka means where are you from. Somebody says, watashi wa amerikakara desu. Watashi wa amerikakara desu meaning from amerika. Watashi wa amerikakara desu. Yoroshiku onigai shimasu. Again, because she is meeting Kim san for the first time, then you introduce yourself as watashi wa so and so desu. Watashi wa so and so kuni kara desu and yoroshiku onigai shimasu. This phrase is to be used only for the first time when you meet someone. Now, Mary wants to know where is Kim from. She has already told him that she is from America. Now, she wants to know where he is from. So she asks, Kim san wa taiwan kara desu-ka? Chigoku kara desu-ka? Now, we had done in our last lesson. If you put ka in the end, it becomes an interrogative statement. So, the first you will see over here that we have one ka over here and the next ka over here. So, we have two ka's over here. Now, when you put it like this, this ka of course makes it into a question, a sentence into a question. But this ka shows or as in English. This or this choice between two. So, over here she says, taiwan kara desu-ka? Chigoku kara desu-ka? Are you from Taiwan or are you from China? So, please you can use it for anything. You can replace taiwan over here and chigoku over here. These are two nouns. You can replace them with anatawa daigakuse desu-ka? Bengoshi desu-ka? Anatawa kyoshi desu-ka? Bengoshi desu-ka? Anything you can ask, are you a lawyer? Are you a doctor? Are you a student or are you a teacher? You can ask any of these things in this pattern. It is choice between two things. So, over here you will see Mary says, kim san wa taiwan kara desu-ka? Chigoku kara desu-ka? So, kim says, taiwan kara desu-ka? I am from Taiwan. I hope this is clear. This is two ka's over here. Ka one and ka two. This makes it a question and this is aur. Please remember that you can ask anyone anything like this. America kara desu-ka? Indo kara desu-ka? Bengoshi desu-ka? Isha desu-ka? Shufu desu-ka? Sensei desu-ka? So, anything you can ask you can put any noun over there and you can ask for anything like this. Now over here, as you can see, dochira is an interrogative word referring to place meaning where and is a standard way of asking the name of someone's country or company. Please remember that with dochira when you say okuni wa dochira desu-ka? You generally ask the person where he is from. Please remember and not where his country is. Kaisha wa dochira desu-ka? Meaning, where are you working and not where is your kaisha or office. Similarly, over here okuni is country and o is a prefix used before country and some other Japanese words. For example, onamai, which we will do a little later. Whenever a place name is followed by kara, it states from. Is that alright? Please, it is written over here. When a place name is followed by kara, it shows that a person is from that place or country and it is a most widely used expression for asking where a person is from. Now we have done you are from India or you are from America or you are from Japan. But what about I am Japanese or I am Indian or I am American? I belong to this country. So well, there is a definite way of saying it. Watashi wa Ameri-ka Indo, this is India. Nihon, this is Japan. Do-itsu, Germany. Watashi wa Ameri-ka Jinn desu. Ameri-ka Jinn desu. Watashi wa Indo-jin desu. Watashi wa Nihon-jin desu. Watashi wa Do-itsu-jin desu. Now, Jinn over here means person and it says, Watashi wa I am American. I am Indian. I am Japanese and I am German. So, Jinn is used for person belonging to that country. You can ask a question Kim san wa Ameri-ka Jinn desu ka? So, you can answer in Hai, Watashi wa Ameri-ka Jinn desu or Ie, Watashi wa Ameri-ka Jinn de wa arimasen. As you can see, ad-jin after the name of the country, Kankoku-jin, Itaria-jin, Do-itsu-jin, Chugoku-jin, Betonam-jin. So, after the name of the country, just ad-jin and you become belong to that country. Just now, we did X desu ka, Y desu ka, noun 1 desu ka, noun 2 desu ka. It simply says or either. There is a choice between the two. Now, for noun 1, you can also use simple, you can also replace it with simple words that you have done. Enpitsu, kyoukashou, pen, no-to, jishou, jibiki. So, you can replace it with any of these. Enpitsu is pencil and pen of course, you all know. So, you can ask like this, pen desu ka, enpitsu desu ka. So, there is a choice between the two, which is it? So, is it a pen or a pencil? Pen desu ka, enpitsu desu ka. In a similar manner, you can also ask no-to, kyoukashou. No-to desu ka, kyoukashou desu ka, no-to desu ka, kyoukashou desu ka. So, you can inquire about these things. Some pictures are there for you. You can point at the picture and ask, pen desu ka, enpitsu desu ka. As I just told you, kyoukashou desu ka, no-to desu ka. You can also ask a person, gakusei desu ka, kyoushi desu ka, kaban desu ka, saifu desu ka. Point at an object and you can ask at this object over here, ketai desu ka, kesan ki desu ka. Kesan ki is a calculator over here, kaban desu ka, saifu desu ka. So, you can point at anything you can ask anyone, anything you want in this pattern, in this manner. A simple useful expression. We did this earlier, shitsure desu ga in our conversation. Just now, as I told you, shitsure desu ga means sorry for asking. I apologise for asking like this, but and whatever is to follow is what you actually want to know. So, over here, it is something different. Shitsure desu ga onamae wa nan desu ka. Namae means name, but if I ask someone else, honorific you have to add this honorific over here. Onamae wa nan desu ka. Nan is a simple question word meaning what? Onamae wa nan desu ka. The moment you say onamae, it automatically means that you are asking someone else and it is not your own name. Onamae wa nan desu ka? So, you can answer watashi wa whatever your name desu. Watashi wa tanaka jim, kim, jain, rau, whatever your name desu means my name is desu. Now, for practice again, we have done numbers till 30. Today, we will do from 31 till 40 over here. You can just repeat after me for practice and to get the correct pronunciation, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 34, 35, 36, 37 or 37, 38, 39, 40. I hope you got it right. The next set is from 41 till 50, 41, 42, 43, 44 or 44, 45, 46, 47 or 47, 48, 49 and we have goju over here. Now, we have something different over here. We are going to do some kanji characters. We had done kanji characters in lesson 2 as well. Only 3 though. So, we will do 4, 5 and 6. Now, how to make kanji characters? How to memorize them? There is a method, there is a pattern to make it. You have to remember that kanji characters are all written from left to right and from top to bottom most of the time. The reason is that whenever you end a character, it should always end in the right lower corner of the block. We did ichi which finished here. We did ni two simple lines which ended over here. Three lines san it ended over here in this block like this and then you can go on to writing the next character. That is why it is important to always memorize the stroke order and try to end it always over here. Now, we will do yon which you have done ichi ni. This is one stroke san, shi and go. This is yon ichi ni san, shi and go. 5 strokes to the kanji character for yon which is 4. Once again ichi ni san, shi and go. It will always end over here. For example, if you have to write yon juu which is 40 juu. It is easy to go on to the next character. Yon has two readings, you have done yon and shi. The kanji is the same yon. You can see it over here, shi or yon. This is how it is to be made. And we go on to the next character which is go, go, 1, 2, 3. Similar to this one, 3 and 4 like this. Four strokes to the character go, 5. Once again 1, 2, 3 and 4. Please remember 1, 2, 3, 1 stroke and 4. This makes it go. Then we will do 6 over here. 6, 6 which is roku. It is very simple, not difficult at all. 1, 2, 3 and 4 like this. 1, 2, 3 and 4 roku. Please remember roku. Kanji is actually very interesting. When we do more after we finish numbers, you will actually get to know how it is to be done, how it is to be written and what actually it is. Just three characters for you today now, not more. So, you have done ichi. Once again for you please ichi, ni, san, yon, go and roku. 6 characters, please memorize them. Remember the readings. We will be needing them when we do numbers later on with other things. Now in the end, I have to give you your assignment. Now your homework begins. Assignment 1 is just count from 1 till 10 and list it properly which is 1 and which is 10. Then you have a simple figure over here. Look up the dictionary and write the names of the objects present in the picture. For example, this is what is this, what is this, what are these, what is this or this and what is all this. So, please look up the dictionary and see what these words are and also how many things are there in the picture. For example, what about this one, how many over here, how many over here, what is the number over here. So, you can list all of that. Then again this is for vocabulary. Vocabulary is very important because you will be needing it for sentence construction later on. So, name the objects. You have these pictures. Just name, use a dictionary. You can consult a dictionary and name the pictures. Now look at the pictures of the people and tell where they are from and what is their nationality. So, look at this, see this picture. This person is from Germany. So, you have to tell the name of his country and also that he is from that place. So, please do it as we have done it in the class. Now practice saying this with your partner where you are from, America, Italy, Japan, Korea, Germany. You can just practice at home so that your vocabulary also increases and you are able to speak more freely. And practice saying, I am Indian, Indo-Gindes, similarly for German, Korean, Italian, French and Japanese. This is your homework. You have to practice this. Now you are going to be happy. So, soredewa kore de owarimasu. You can see what is written over here. Soredewa well den kore de owarimasu. With this, I finish here today. So, minasan mata ashita aimashou. Arigatou gozaimasu. Thank you.