 Hello everyone welcome back to another session in dentistry amma so today's session is about the factors involving in designing a pontic so last session we completed the Pontic designs that is various designs we use in fixed partial denture they are sanitary, rich lap, conical, o-weight and phasings that is Pontic facing true Pontic pontics so this session is about the factors to be considered while designing a Pontic so basically we have three major categories to be considered while designing a Pontic they are biological, mechanical and aesthetic so in biologic factors we have the rich contact then the oral hygiene considerations then the Pontic material and occlusal forces so we should aim at maintaining and preserving the residual rich the abutments opposing teeth and supporting tissues so in rich contact pressure-free contacts between the tissue and Pontic is indicated okay so you know the Pontic will be compressing the tissue or the ridge in most of the cases so always try to keep it pressure-free that is there should be a space between the tissue and Pontic or the pressure should be minimal because we need to prevent ulceration and inflammation of soft tissues if any blanching of tissues occur during try-in we should identify the pressure areas using any disclosing medium and the Pontic should be reconditioned until the tissue contact is becoming passive regarding the oral hygiene considerations it is main problem of Pontic that it causes irritation that is because of the microbial plaque accumulation underneath the Pontic so there will be toxins released from plague then there will be calculus formation and the chances of tissue irritation and inflammation so unlike rpd we just cannot remove fpd for cleaning so normally where tissue contact occurs gingeral area of the Pontic is inaccessible okay so devices such as proxy pressures or super flows can be used to clean the underneath of Pontic surface if Pontic has a concavity or depression in its gingeral surface there will be plague accumulation which leads to inflammation so therefore fpd should be checked and corrected before cementation once it is cemented it's very difficult to alter it because it is a fixed partial dents unlike removable partial dents so in Pontic material it should have good aesthetics where it requires and it should be biocompatible and there should be enough strength to withstand the occlusal forces and also the rigidity then it should have good longevity the fpd is we should make it as rigid as possible because any flexural forces during mastication or para function may cause a pressure on the ginger and there are chances of fracturing of veneering material or the Pontic and the occlusal contacts should not occur at metal porcelain junctions because if the contact junction if the contact is at the metal porcelain junction there is high chances of fracture and the Pontic material it should have ability to resist plaque accumulation because the amount of surface roughness is directly proportional to the plaque accumulation surface roughness is directly proportional to plaque so less surface roughness that is more polished Pontic we have less plaque so the most ideal material is gold then the glazed porcelain and ceramic so it is having the most polished surface so it requires very less plaque compared to porcelain and the least one is ceramic depends upon the surface roughness and the polished surface now regarding the occlusal forces to withstand the occlusal forces has been suggested to reduce the buckling dimension of the Pontic by 30 percentage so 30 percentage reduction in buckling direction but in case of para functional habits or accidental biting on a hard object this may not be efficient okay normal cases this would be ideal but para function patient has para functional habits or accidental biting this would not be sufficient so that will disrupt the harmonious and stable occlusal relationship so normal Pontic width at least at the occlusal third is recommended so we can keep the normal Pontic width at the occlusal third okay so but when the ridges collapsed bucklingly this is not possible so always try to keep the normal Pontic width at least the occlusal third so that was all about the biological factors now we have the mechanical considerations in mechanical consideration that these are the factors we need to think about while placing a Pontic that is the factors which can leads to fracture of the processes or display displacement of the retainer so they are the choice of material that is if we have a poor choice of material it will leads to the fracture of processes and if our design is poor or the framework design is not good that also leads to the fracture then the preparation we need to have a good preparation with adequate clearance if the preparation is not good that also leads to the fracture and the occlusion occlusion will leads to fracture if it is not proper so when metal ceramic Pontics are chosen extending the porcelain unto the occlusal surface to achieve better aesthetics should be carefully evaluated because it is high chance of fracture when it is extended to the occlusal side then porcelain may also abrade the opposing dentition if the occlusal contacts are on enamel or dentin so we need to think about the contacts keeping on enamel and dentin so that was about the mechanical consideration now we have the aesthetic part so aesthetic it is a priority of the patient because the patient when he wants to replace a pontic or the tooth in the anterior part this main concern is aesthetic so we have three factors and aesthetics that is gingeral interface in size of ginger length and the meso distal width gingeral interface so an aesthetically successful Pontic will replicate the form contour incisal edge gingerland incisal end ratios and color of the adjacent tooth so we need to think about all those minor factors such as the form contour incisal edge ginger and incisal end ratios and the color of the adjacent tooth then only we will get good aesthetics attention to be paid to the contour of label surface always the label is the most visible part so we need to give more importance to the label part so the contour of this label surface as it approaches the tissue that is a Pontic tissue surface we need to be more careful so that it looks like a natural tooth so that is most important part in gingeral interface the Pontic tissue junction so we can always go for modified ridge lap which is recommended for most anterior teeth because it compensates for the lost buckling width in the ridge by overlapping the existing ridge so this compensates that loss of alveolar ridge in the buckling wall dimension after extraction and we can also think about the oveid Pontic which can be used in conjunction with the alveolar preservation or soft tissue augmentation which can also provide very remarkable appearance now regarding the incisal ginger length so obtaining a correctly sized Pontic simply by duplicating of the original tooth is not at all possible so ridge resorption will make the tooth look too long in the cervical region however an abnormal labellingal position is not so obvious hence it is used to improve appearance by recondouring the gingeral half of the label surface so always we need to concentrate on the gingeral half of the label surface and another solution is to shape the Pontic to simulate a normal crown and root with emphasis on the CJ so we create a CJ if the gingeral part is more so we can create a root portion with creation of a CJ or we can also use a pink acrylic to recreate the gingeral part now regarding the meso distal width frequently space available for the Pontic is less than the contra lateral tooth because there is always migration of the adjacent tooth into the edangular space because the patient was coming to the clinic after one year or two years so by the time the tooth just adjacent to the edangular space might have migrated to its space and the space must have been lost so this discrepancy can be corrected by orthodontic repositioning or the space discrepancy can corrected also by altering the shape of the proximal area by duplicating the mesial half of the tooth and adjusting the size of the distal half can see here we are duplicating the mesial half and then adjusting the size of the distal half so that was about the aesthetic considerations so this is the Pontic design with its factors involving in Pontic designs they are biological mechanical and aesthetic and biological we have ridge contact then auto hygiene considerations Pontic material occlusion forces in mechanical we need to think about the material framework tooth preparation and occlusion in aesthetics we have the gingeral interface in ceso gingeral length and meso distal width so that was all about the factors in the last session we finished the Pontic designs the phasing and the true Pontics that is the sanitary Pontic or weight conical ridge lap Pontic or all those things so this is a very commonly asked essay question sometimes this both will be asked together there is a Pontic design and the factors sometimes will be a separate one hope you understood this topic i'll come over to your topic and fix partial denture thank you