 Ladies and gentlemen, I hope you will enjoy today's master class, which is about the vision of the department. The master class will be presented by Chris Blackbridge, who is the manager of the external relations of the right NCC organization. The rest, please. Thank you very much. Thank you all for coming by at my institute of research. I work for the right NCC. It's my first time here alone, and the first time in our meeting actually, so I'm very glad to be here. Thank you for the welcome. Thank you for all showing up for this. I want to just get a few of the room here. Can I ask people to put up their hands? Who actually works in the internet as this sort of technical person here? Anyone? Okay. Okay. And who uses the internet? Okay, but most of you, I'm guessing all of you. Well, the student most of you use the internet. A bit of background about myself. I'm from Australia originally. I've worked for the right NCC for 12 years now. And before that, I worked for three years for APNIC, which is the Asia Pacific sister organization to the right NCC. You'll hear a bit more about that later in the presentation. Thank you, Chris. The background in that sense is going from a very communications kind of direction. I'm not an engineer. I don't have a technical background. I came into APNIC really with no idea that there was this whole system of internet architecture that involved people flying around the world, making policies, doing all this work. It's something that even today, even with everyone using the internet, is kind of invisible. I think most users don't necessarily have an understanding of how all of that stuff works. But it does affect us all. The choices that technologists or internet service providers or governments make about how these new government policies that are made actually affect you as users at the end of the day. And there are opportunities for you to get involved in that. There are opportunities for users who get a little bit more educated to understand what's going on, to actually contribute to that automated process. And that's probably the point as I'm looking at here. It's why rather than just the future of the internet, I've thought we're talking about shaking the future of the internet together because I think there's a lot going on on the internet. And you can talk about energy, internet of things. You can talk about artificial intelligence. You can talk about big data. You can talk about cyber security. I'm not really going to talk about most of those things because that's what they're people who do those things and tell me the most part. But what the organization that I work for and the community that I work for does is actually make policies that help govern what we do with those new technologies. That say, okay, the internet of things is taking over and it's providing all of these new opportunities. How do we make sure that that's fair? How do we make sure everyone can have access to that? How do we make sure that this is not sort of one or two giant multinational corporations taking off and running the internet? We actually make sure that the internet is something that all of us can use and all of us have ensure of. So, the right thing to see, we're all in what we do. I'll also say just before I did all of this, if you do have any questions at any time, I think we have like 90 minutes or something. So, I'm afraid to build that feel-through to end up. I'm happy to take questions at any time but we can also take questions at the end. So, I'm going to go back to some basics here. What is the internet actually? The internet is about allowing me to share information with you and to you to share information with me. So, it's just it's data passing from one point on the network to another point. So, for that to happen, each of those points needs to have an address. We need to know where that data is going to. So, that could be a domain name, like example.com. It could be an email address to say I'm going to send this to that person. But at the fundamental level of the internet itself, machines, blockchain machines, it's numbers. So, you get a number which says where you are on the network. And there are two kinds of those numbers. So, here, they call internet protocol addresses and there's likely to be four addresses. And these are 32-bit numbers. So, that's, we have two, the power of 32 of those, which is about four million addresses. And that's what the internet was built on. When they designed the internet, they said, OK, we're going to use 32-bit addresses that will be taken, where all of this information goes. As I'll explain later, that whole plan kind of got superseded by the fact that we ran out of those four million addresses. And so, we now use, can use 128-bit addresses, which gives us many, many more. And that's called IPv6. Don't ask where IPv5 comes into it because it doesn't. So, what's the important thing about those addresses? Probably the most important thing is that they are unique. So, if I'm trying to send information sort of to you on the network, and you say, my number 24, my address is 24, I need to know that someone over here is not going to be saying, I'm address number 24 as well because then my information is just going to get split between the two and no one will get anything. So, the way that we've ensured that uniqueness on a global level is regional internet registries. And that's what Brighton CC does. It's one of five around the world. Those regional internet registries say, we'll give you, I speak, an internet service provider, a block of IP addresses, you use those and we won't give those to anyone else and we will tell the world in public database that you have these addresses. So that's really fundamental to making the internet work itself. The discussions and the decisions about how we actually make those applications, who gets an address, what they have to prove or what they have to pay to get those addresses, that's decided by communities. It's not decided by the Brighton CC. It's not decided by any of these other organizations like ICANN or the ITU. It's decided by an open community process that anyone can take part in and then comes to these decisions by consensus. That's also a really fundamental part of this process. So I mentioned there are five regional internet registries. This is them. Brighton CC, as you can see, we have a service region that covers Europe, Central Asia, focuses, Middle East, and then there's APM, which I started off with before, which covers all of the agencies today. Each of those have their own community, each of those have their own secretariat, the Brighton CC that carries out the wishes of those communities. And that's how that process works. So when we talk about Brighton CC, these are the primary things that we are. We're a secretariat to the Brighton community. First and foremost, we all do what our community tells us to do. And that means implementing the policies that they come up with. It means bringing them together for events like Brighton meetings. It means doing capacity building, educational sort of events, doing something like I'm doing here today. We serve the regional internet registry. That's our second place to ask. And that's certainly the one that people tend to be most interested in. You have the regional internet registry. Make sure you use that job right. It's fully funded by members. So we're not a government organization. We're not in that sense. We're a non-profit membership organization. People join us to become members. And that funds us. And we're open, transparent and mutual. Basically that means that our role has to be to carry out policy, implement policy, and do that in an impartial way. Whether you're an internet service provider in Russia, or in Saudi Arabia, or in the UK, you're going to get treated the same way you're going to have to work with the Brighton CC according to the policies that our community has made. Now that's not always easy. I'll get into more of that later about where that can start to get a bit complicated when you start to deal with national legislation, governments that are taking a much stronger interest in these kind of issues, and they're doing things that are not necessarily in coordination with each other. So this is going to fill to what we do as the registry. This is through the IP address that I've mentioned. We maintain the right database. So this is a public database of all of that information that we collect on who has IP addresses. We contribute to a stable innovative internet. We enable our members to operate and develop IP internet. We provide types that work. So those other two, apart from that sort of marketing speak, right-step, right-patterns and other tools and services is something I'll talk about a little bit later. But this is one of the areas where the expertise that we have is actually something that can be used by our members, by governments, by law enforcement, by any mind group. Once to look at how the network actually works, where is the traffic going? If you're an internet service provider in Armenia and you want to send a mail from your user to a user on another network in Armenia, is it going via Frankfurt, or is it going directly to your customer? Because at the end of the day, that's going to make a really big difference to how much it costs in the long run. And we've seen situations where we have operators, particularly in the Middle East, whose traffic is always going all the way back to Europe, costing them a huge amount of money, making the internet less accessible. So by providing that information, by helping our members to analyze and understand what's going on with their traffic management, we're actually helping to make the internet more accessible or affordable, more useful, I think. The next step I want to talk about is our membership. And this is where things get a little bit about our business, but also about some broader trends that we're seeing in the internet going forward. That's our membership. And if you look through the hand side there, or the right hand side here, it's going up pretty sharply. So that's good for us. We have lots more membership fees. It's nice that we can spend that money on things. But it actually has a really significant meaning for the internet itself, because the reason that it's going in that way is that we run out of that money. So I mentioned earlier that we have IPv4 address space, and we run out of those numbers. Basically, we used that all forward. The right community, in an example of making policy, said, okay, we're going to take one last slash eight block. That's a large block of these addresses. And we're going to say, okay, we're going to not give out as many addresses as you need. We're only going to give to every member a small amount. And that will allow people to continue to build networks. Ideally, they'll build IPv6 networks, but they'll still need a little bit of IPv4 to actually connect with internet itself. What is meant in practice is that as our reserves of IPv4 address space have gone down, many more people have said, okay, well, I need a little bit of IPv4 address space before it runs out. I need to get in there and get my small block and set up my own network. And so now, instead of just internet service providers, we have banks, we have enterprise organizations, we have small businesses coming in, setting up their own networks, getting that autonomy, which is great. But it's not a sustainable solution because we are going to run out. Probably in about two years, we're going to get to a point where we don't even have the small block to IPv4 address space to get out. And that's where the discussion about IPv6, and the fact that the industry hasn't really adopted it to the extent that we hoped, comes into play. Because if the internet is going to continue to grow, and if we have the internet of things producing millions and millions of new devices that need IP addresses, it will grow. Then people need to have access to those addresses. And IPv6 is the way to do that, or at least the easiest way to do that. Because the alternatives make the internet look a little different than it does today. So if we look here, this is just trying to look at a little sense of what how membership looks like in your army year and how this is. The numbers up the top there show where we're at. You can see that army year and Georgia are roughly on par for a lot of things. What's clear in this second graph here, the bar chart, here, is that this shows the age of the members. And you can see that Georgia, the orange ones, members that are much younger. So their industry, or at least their membership growth, is happening very strongly in the last couple of years that lots of new members coming on board. On the internet as we're done, not so much. It's sort of been much more stable, much more stable. That can mean a number of things. It could mean growth in the internet industry, or it could just mean that we have a lot more members trying to get there last week than IPv4, rather than going to upstream providers to connect to the internet. But if we look over here, then, at v6-rightness, this is a metric that the rightness you see itself has developed to say, what's an industry in a given country? How ready is it to apply IPv6? What have they actually done to get IPv6 onto their networks? And so, the white grey sections here, those are the operators in that country that have no IPv6. They don't have any IPv6 persons. They're not even thinking about it. Now, in this situation, that's pretty good. That's only in order of our members here. The rest actually has an IPv6, so that means that they're thinking about bringing IPv6 to what they can do with IPv6 on their network. Unfortunately, this orange, they're people who have IPv6 address allocation, but have done nothing else. We don't see it on the network. We don't see any activity going on with it. So, well, it's great that there's a big chunk of, I mean, in membership. It has IPv6. What we want to see is more people actually doing something with it, putting it onto their networks, starting to play with it, or possibly connect with it, this is sort of an example of what the world looks like in terms of IPv6 adoption. You can see on the end is not doing so well there. One zero one percent of IPv6 traffic is going over IPv6. Yeah, it's not great. There's no speech spinning that, really. If you compare that to Belgium, where we see IPv3 incentive track going over IPv6, or India, where 32%. What's going on there? Well, what we do know is that big providers can play a really big change in this situation. So, in India, one of their major mobile service providers turned out IPv6 to their customers, but you went from 5% to 35%. Belgium, again, a couple of big operators doing a lot of work there to bring it on. But the other interesting thing about Belgium is the work that's been going on between the public sector and the private sector. So you have the government working really closely with operators, private sector operators, to make sure that they all understand what's going on, to try and mitigate that sense of competition, because the competition between operators can be a real disincentive to IPv6 adoption, because it costs money, it costs resources to deploy IPv6, and you've got three competitors, two competitors all working at sort of minimal margins to spend each other, or to get customers the idea that you're going to invest more resources in IPv6. Probably doesn't seem like a great short-term strategy, even if in the long term it's the only strategy that's going to really ensure your place in the market. So what we're seeing is a little short-term thinking, and it's trying to shift the market to that long-term thing. But the flip side of all of this is that why you can get as much IPv6 space as you need for free, or at least for the membership fee for an IRR? And you can't get an IPv4 space for free as you need for an IRR. You can buy an IPv4 address space. So there are big operators, many of them in the U.S., or some of them in Western Europe, who have lots of IPv4 address space, maybe they're even moving to IPv6, and they can sell off that IPv4 address space. And that's a really fundamental change because now we're going from a situation where the internet can grow without any sort of consideration of it's going to cost money, obviously the infrastructure and the devices will cost money, but to actually get the number of sources you need, that's not a problem. That's not going to cost you money. IPv6 doesn't take off, and we stayed with IPv4. IPv6 has become a scarce resource, and that shifts the paradigm for the whole internet development, market development structure, because it becomes, okay, if you have the money, you can grow your network. If you don't have the money, you're probably not going to get to grow the network. And that's a problem. That's something that we need to look at in terms of development. It's something we need to look at in terms of how we connect the last few years. Because that's what the discussion was shifted from. In the last few years it was, how do we connect the next billion? And right now, according to the UN, it starts three and a half billion people around 50% of the planet are connected. So now the question is, how do we connect that last billion? How do we overcome barriers of probably geography, cultural differences to actually connect everyone on the planet to the internet? And this is coming along at a pretty unfortunate time for that, because we suddenly start to add in an element of we need to pay to actually grow that network. That's not going to help. So this is just a little overview of what's happening here in Armenia and surrounding countries. What you can see in the blue areas are transfers that happen within a country. And a lot of the time that's companies merging or one company buying another company. So that can have a lot of churn in the industry anyway. But we see that in Armenia in the last few years we've had more IPv4 addresses brought into the country than we have coming out. You guys are like, I'm significantly more coming in than going out. Whereas Georgia, nothing coming in, but some coming out. So it's an interesting way to look at it and part of what we want to do talking to you, talking to our members here is understand what the dynamics are driving at. Because every country is different, every country has a different approach to this. We see some countries that are massive exporters of IP addresses and they're not necessarily the big rich countries. We see others that are buying up a lot of IPv4 address space and they're not necessarily the rich ones but it depends on what their industry is prioritizing and what their plan is for the future. So this is where I start to get a little bit into right in the CC market and how afraid and what we can do with you and what we can help and what we're doing with people here in the army. We've had a member lunch there, we've worked with the army in school with each of our governments, which I know a few people in the room have been involved in. We do academic engagement like this one and the LAA workshop we had earlier this year. Again, working with law enforcement because that's a really significant stakeholder these days, whether we want to acknowledge that or not. Over the last few years we've done a number of things here in army year to build up the community. Starting in 2015, the regional meeting a larger eurasian regional meeting in 2016 and then taking some of the around us people in the room coming to the Middle East network operators who have been around earlier this year. And one of the things that we've spoken a lot about with people today a number of different meetings is the location of army year. Very much at that sort of crux of the sort of Russian region industry, the Middle East industry and the European industry. You have an opportunity to engage with really all of those different stakeholders and play a role as a bridging space for a lot of discussions and a lot of decision making there. That's also some training courses we've done. These are the main training courses we do with our members over the last few years. But it's focused on much more sort of technical, practical hands on training. And so if you remember remember organization, please let us know I think we're looking at doing some more training in army year next year. So we're certainly happy to share all that. But starting in the local community this is stepping a bit away from what we're doing as right-hand CC and looking at how some of these stronger local communities can really contribute to shaping the future of the internet. Network Operating Groups is a that I guess we've been really supportive of and seen do some really impressive things in a number of different countries. And this could be range from anything from like really official kind of conference setup to occasional drinks at a bar where you bring together different operators to a main list or a telegram list or whatever people want to use to communicate. But it's basically just an opportunity to allow the operators technical people in the community of the country to work together to get a little bit beyond the competition and to identify common problems, common solutions because that's really what the right community was built on. It was about saying yes for a competition yes this is a business this is a private sector operation but the internet works best when we all work together. It's not going to be in my customers any good if they can't contact someone on your network so we need to be able to have that bridge, have that interoperability there and something like a Network Operating Group is really fundamental part of that. And on a small scale is the same as what Prime is on that larger regional scale brings people together gives them an opportunity to share information and that could be technical information but it can also be legal information discussion of regulatory issues discussion of development issues all of this stuff plays into what the internet is, what the internet will look like in the future. We have lots of networks in the service region that's a matter with a few of them there are 25 we do currently have one in sort of a brilliant form in Armenia as I understand it but hopefully that will grow a little bit more in the coming two months and years so I'm happy to support that. If you're interested in doing more on that we do have a bunch of resources and I'm sure these slides will be available there are a few links here that have brought together some of the information that we've gathered over the years about what can make a successful node and all operators are trying to do to bring the community together. Tools and services, sorry that Marguerite continues here a little bit but this is also some I hope resources that would be really useful to those of you who are interested in getting more involved in shaping that future. We do webinars, I mentioned we're doing a lot of face courses here but that's not going to be for everyone and we do have a lot of webinars online that can actually provide more information whether it's about hands-on IP6 deployment, using the right hardware or something like Internet Governments or even the big headscater all over I think we've done that's something that if you're involved in I can you might be familiar with I won't go into more details otherwise. Energy Go is another extension of that and that's something that we do in a sort of single day a bunch of presentations going back over the course of eight hours but on a single topic so it's about this kind of like a conference without actually bringing everyone together in the same room in the same country and that's I think something that we've really realised in the last few years, the solution to where all of these problems can't be everyone gets on a plane and applies to London or if everyone gets on a plane and applies to Moscow, we need to use the Internet and actually do this capacity building in a way that you can access without spending all that money without spending all that time in trouble so yeah, this is one of the options that we're looking at expanding on with that and finally in this section Bright Academy is something similar but something that we're building on to actually certify people and so this would be more aimed at professionals and giving professional certification in things like IPv6 adoption or managing the right drive base and how I come with the right PCC I mentioned before that we do a lot of analysis and measurements and this is a section of the presentation it's often a bit longer when I have my technical audience here to discuss it but Bright Hatless and the ISP-100 Jedi which will be based on that Bright Hatless model is something that is really of great use and great value I think to the community but something that can be even more use and value with more people become involved the basic model is pros and we have probably some of them around here small USB pros that people can take and plug into their network using the right app you can then look at how traffic will travel from your pro to any one of the other 10,000 pros and you can say well my traffic is going from here to there to there to there maybe it would be better if it was going from here to there and so that means you can adjust your network, adjust your settings and say okay we're going to do this in a more efficient way that's helpful for network operators it gives them a chance to be more efficient about how they're using their energy, how they're doing their operations we also found recently that it's useful for law enforcement they can look at where traffic is going who is actually responsible for certain traffic and that can be useful in legal proceedings we see in governments they have an interest in what their national industry is doing and actually even something like the discussion around internet shutdowns which happened a lot last year there were shutdowns in Africa in parts of the Middle East if we have the pros, we can actually see where the traffic is being routed we can look at what's actually going on there so as you can imagine this becomes more effective with more pros we have if we had a probe of every network in the world we would be able to look at where traffic went or on the internet, we're not there yet I think we have 22 active pros currently in Armenia so if you have any interest I'll take you to talk to my colleague Baha and I'm sure we'll be able to get your probe plugged into an internet and that would be useful but this is what I mentioned before about using that to see where traffic goes so in this square here you can see the networks that we have right at this pros and so each of these squares shows traffic going from here to here or here to here and if they're green that means traffic is staying in the country it's not actually going outside if they're yellow or orange that means it is going outside and if you look here we can see what that actual traffic exchange model looks like so you have three major operas here and you can see them sharing traffic and exchanging traffic with each other so this can be useful and if you feel pretty easy if you want to go or go to the link there it will also be in the slides finally we also but we also hear my money I mentioned that we have a lot of membership growth part of what our executive board has decided to do with that is look at how we can find projects that are for the Internet and so this is looking at non-commercial activities things that can build our Internet connection in developing areas or at rural parts things that look at enhancing security or further developing other aspects of Internet infrastructure each year we have 250,000 euros and we're buying that up we're now currently about to announce our second round of annual recipients but in both of those we've had around six I think projects that we've been money to so the next round will open in March next year if you have any projects you're working on please feel free to share that information we'd be really interested to hear about new interesting innovative kinds of projects in non-commercial space that we could be helping out with some funding that's a few of the principles you can go through that as I say the main priority is that the all the good of the Internet, non-commercial and something of use to the whole community or at least a significant station of community so, Internet Governance this is probably the area of right-wing CC that I've been most developed in in my time and it's something that has really developed in the last 10, 15 years in 2003 2005 there was something called the World Summit and the Information Society that kept off and what it really marked was the moment when Governance all around the world particularly in the UN context looked at the Internet and said hang on, we need to be the one involved here on the Operative Community private sector saw this and said well, hang on we're doing just fine without you we probably don't need Governance looking over our shoulder here and neither of those decisions was ever going to win out so the solution devised in that world some of the Information Society was an approach that they all multistakeholder approach and it was about bringing together all different sides in that discussion to processes that would actually allow people to make decisions this is not my graphic but it shows how complex some of those structures can be you see the region mentioned internet registries are somewhere here that's us but you also have the Internet Society you also have the W3C which manages the World Wide Web Protocol Network Operative Groups the IGF Internet Governance or the Internet Engineering Task Force ICANN which probably very much manages the DNS of the main network system so all of these are associations as we call them that actually have responsibility for the architecture of the Internet fundamental mechanism of how the Internet works so those ICANN organizations and the people that they work with need to also work with Governance the regulators and they need to work with the academics and the technologists who are actually coming up with new ideas they need to work with the private sector Google, Facebook Amazon for small operators the small ISP is just doing a routine service for the business and more and more recently they have to also work with Civil Society and this is where she's like privacy, really coming to the fore Civil Society is working both with Governance and with operators and coming into these sort of forums like the Internet Governance Forum and having a really loud voice and so that's something that's changed the discussion considerably the right PCC and the right community decision is based, in these discussions is based on some I guess fundamental principles most of which probably self-explanatory that I'll go through in any way the Internet operates across national borders that's fair, the value of the Internet is in being able to connect with people elsewhere in the world what that means is that a national regulatory model really doesn't fit very well to Internet regulation and a lot of the discussions and the debates and the controversy around Internet Governance has sprung from that has sprung from one country saying this is going to be a regulation for the Internet in my country which leads to the second point here which is that actions can have correlation consequences because the Internet operates across borders when country A says this is going to be a regulation I'm going to do this yes it may affect their citizens yes they might achieve what they want there but it might also affect the citizens in the country they saw or the country on the other side of the world and at that point we start to run into issues of sovereignty governments not wanting other governments making the rules for them and in terms of Internet Governance we see this in the technical realm so we see countries logging in certain traffic and that means that traffic can't go through and it has to go around but we also see it in other legal instruments and the GDPR discussion in the EU right now which is the general directive on privacy regulation yes is a really good example of that because one of the primary industries affected by it is that when the EU says you can't collect private information or we'll find you that's affecting Internet search providers or register operators on the other side of the planet who have customers in Europe and so you certainly see this law that's made for EU countries is affecting many many many businesses and individuals on the other side of the planet which raises a lot of people's bias or unhappiness so as a positive message and it is a positive message a bottom up approach to policymaking is often the best fit for internet governance and this is a approach that really draws on the model the IETF was based on the model that the RAO can be used based on it's to say these discussions aren't going to happen behind closed doors they're going to happen in an open forum anyone who has an interest in joining if you're a government, if you're a law enforcement if you're an operator you can all come to the discussion and contribute and we're going to reach decisions according to your consensus so it's not a vote, it's not someone everyone puts up their hands and the most votes have the right answer it's we're going to look at your issues or your problems with this policy proposal we're going to make sure all of those are addressed or addressed in some way or another and then if we can do that we move forward but in all of this and there are the best of the might here there are many more examples nowadays of broader multi-state and one example is the IMF Transitional Charter where the US government in the last days of the Obama administration decided that it would give up it's oversight of the Internet Assignments Authority which is sort of the top of the hierarchy when it comes to IP addresses and this is a pretty unanticipated thing a government sort of stepping back and saying we're just going to give away this an hour but the process that they set in place to do that was multi-stakeholder brought in governments from all over the world they brought in technologists operators and basically forced them to sit together and come up with a proposal to say this is what we're going to do with IANA if you give up IANA this is what the new model will look like and that succeeded in the very down the days of the Obama administration I think we finally passed the US Congress in like October of 2016 but so that's one example the other really fundamental principle here is that the existing government structures and right because one of those need to be recognized in all this they need to be recognized both for the authority they have which is to say we don't have other bodies coming in and trying to take over that authority but also for the limitations they have that RIME is not going to be dealing with issues of continental line that's not something that's relevant to us there are other avenues and other spaces where they can be discussed but to try and put all this into something like RIVE or something like ICANN doesn't make sense and doesn't work in terms of multi-stakeholder approach so a lot of when you talk about what the international telecommunication is doing a big part of the discussion there is saying on technical private data so like RIVE is saying we're already doing this there is a process of making regulation or policy in IP address management and so when you have governments in the ITU sort of saying we're more comfortable in the ITU there needs to be that pushback to say it's due with any what there is a space for doing this and you need to adapt to what that space looks like so I'm coming to the end of my realisation here and this is where I tell you all to get involved I always say join us at our next private meeting, it's in Amsterdam but it's next week so let's then say join us at our next private meeting which is in May next year in regular 20th to 24th of May the Eurasian Network Operator meeting happens in June next year in Tbilisi so it's a little closer the important thing to note here is that we do have a number of options for finding to help you get involved here we have RIVE fellowships and so this is a sort of open fellowship you can apply say why you think it would be useful for you to be able to get involved in those discussions and that would cover travel expenses and we have RACI which is our academic corporation initiative and that's more for people who are students or researchers or academic institutions and if you have a project that you would like to talk about you would like to present to the community and you get feedback from the operational community and provide travel funding accommodation to get you there and that's for writing meetings but also for ENOGs, Eurasian Network Operating Group MEDOG and Tbilisi one and this is a few I mean we've already taken up fellowship opportunities with RIVE and RIVE MCC and that's how CEO acts he's not a fellow also not the best fellow here but that's great that's it from me at this point we do have plenty of time to fill so I want to sort of throw to what you guys if you have any questions or any comments I think you've promised the future of the internet I probably haven't gone exactly into the future of the internet here in the way that you were expecting and I'm happy to sort of take discussion or questions about what you see as the challenges for the future of the internet and competing IoT or AI or SkyNet or Terminators or whatever it is because I think at the end of the day all of that still kind of comes under this topic of how are we actually going to manage that as a society how are we going to manage that as a community so thank you very much for listening thank you thank you, I will just add a few things about the opportunities I think I I let it in earlier it's like if you participate yeah I don't know what to say so tonight the opportunities are for that fellowship no this one okay we'll we'll get間 we're going to leave I don't understand about the poor you don't forget an IoT or financial machine for how long industry head. Shut up. We're researching. We're searching. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Shut up. Now to go to the laboratory. Yes, sir. Yes, sir, ma'am. Technical background and how it should be. Yes, the other one and the other one. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Now to go to the laboratory. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Oh, of course, you know. and the foreign owners to say they should be able to do so. With this, I would like to understand and understand the general data protection regulations of the last decade or so. It shows how long it's been going on for, you know? OK, you should be able to do so. You should be able to do so. Do you think, OK, you should be able to do so? I'm not sure if you think I'm going to be able to do so, but it is going to be able to do so. It is going to be able to do so, but it is going to be able to do so. And it is going to be able to do so, because we cannot do so. We cannot do so, because we are not trying to give them a good chance. We have the ability to do so. I think it is really important to do so, to do so, because the internet is a part of it. But it is very important for us to do so. These are the things that we have to do. I'm going to look at the video, but I'm going to talk about it later. What are the deadlines? What are the deadlines? The deadline is in the end. Most of the time, the deadline is as community projects are found in the month. So, I can't have a judge's as me at the top, but hence for support, can you remind me Chris, when is the next deadline for community projects? It will be... By February? Yes, I don't know. It will open around March next year. It will close around June next year. June? Yes. We launch early in the year. We close halfway. The selection committee takes a couple of months to make that. We launch early in June next year. In July of 1979. So we launch in July of 1978 in Reykjavik. Yes, it will be launched early in June next year. And the new starting community projects are under the big market that the community projects are developed. And the new start-up is the new start-up. People have not yet started. Is it in the 4th year? Are they ready? Yes, they haven't started yet. We have already started in October and the new start-up is in January. Then, up until May, 4 months will have come. It will be completely closed. I translate the tricky part so go ahead. Thank you. I think that you can call it a game. I'm not the only IQ, since it's no problem. I'm just trying to make it better. Yes, I'm not the best in case. You can call it a game. That is one, it's a game. Yes, let's call it a game. You can call it a game. You can call it a game. You can call it a game. It's a game. I guess I can call it a game in this case. You just want it to go in a way that it's no deal, no dribbling game? That's a great question. Yeah, but J crossover is coming. Go ahead. with blockchain and using big data. So it's about the internet and general equation, governing political processes using blockchain and big data. I think it's an interesting possibility. I think that blockchain itself is a technology that still probably needs a lot more research and development and that's going into it. I think there are things like Bitcoin that are probably driving that in certain directions. Other organizations like the ITU are certainly looking into this now or more closely and taking interest. That means governments are certainly taking interest because it's not something that's just happening on the fringe of the sort of technical community now. It's actually something that governments and policymakers are paying close attention to. That said, I think it's probably a long way from actually being implemented in a sort of successful way. But I mean, possibly things like voting fraud or tampering or voting integrity might further sort of drive that new government so we may see something like that development future. I mean, I think we sort of see already some national governments, Stony is the one that's always held up as an example who are really working with that e-government model and who have already implemented a lot of activity doing that. But we also see that that opens them up to certain risks because cybersecurity is not something that is a perfect size or it's something that you can absolutely protect against. So if you're known to be the country that is putting all of your voter and consumer and data into the system and doing it all using the internet, you open yourself up as a target for hackers and other cyber security threats. So I think there's a balance that needs to be struck there. Looking forward to the future of the internet. You know, in Armenia we established, yes, the establishment of the web and the community's established quantum lab and do you have a looking forward that maybe quantum networks will be the future of the internet and how will you research in this field? So this is, that's a good point in terms of it's actually something that we've already had discussed a little at the right meeting in a couple of right meetings, but it was someone who came in through our academic operation initiative. There's at least one university in the Netherlands that's doing a lot of work with quantum computing, which was leading back in the day. I think there's a lot of work going on elsewhere to stay now in here in Armenia. And it's certainly something that the networking community is paying attention to. And I know that the developments in China are about sort of claiming that it's quite far advanced, but I don't think we've seen the operated community really doing anything to prepare for that yet. I think it's a topic for research. It's absolutely a topic for research of the kind of research that we really would like to see come into the right community because it's at that phase of the research where getting feedback from operators, getting feedback from people who actually use this in the business context is vital. They need to sort of say, no, that's crazy down the scale or yes, that's something we could use for this or for this or for this. In fact, our university for the moment some topics for the PhD projects, joint PhD projects within the participation of the Masters students from different fields and it will be one of our proposals for the upcoming six months. Wonderful. Well, I would certainly suggest that they look at the recent program and whether they yeah, they're certainly the government that's in that community. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. and mobile enforcement. We have been working with the production team for a long time. We have been working with NLTNLTEX and data analysis team, visualization team. We have been working with the management team and we have been working with the management team for a very long time. We have been working with the management team for a very short time when we were in VCS. full time technical analysis team. We have been working with the management team for several seats and a big investment in digital technology. from Russian Army University and they are going to make the information session in their University of in that government. So, we'll support you. Yeah. I don't wish to have to make the name of them, but I'm fine with it. I don't think I'm fine with what you're talking about. They can check you. That's it. Thank you.