 Hello, and thank you for this opportunity for us to participate in this webinar for the UN Global Compact. My name is Mary Jane Parmentier, and I would like to provide this brief introduction to what we will be presenting. We are the Human Economies Group in the Global Futures Lab at Arizona State University across the disciplinary group of faculty and PhD students that are interested in the vast amount of economic activities and livelihoods around the world that are often seen by official measurement and policy often referred to as the informal economy. We recognize, however, that formal and informal as the false binary in the human economic systems and behaviors are much more complex. And then innovation happens in many realms of human economic activity, which all tend to intersect at many levels. So we study how innovation comes from that which is deemed informal and how the formal private sector interacts with the informal. Informal economic activities have been more visible during the current global pandemic, and we argue that this sector is not disappearing anytime soon. When it comes to sustainability and resilience, there's much to be learned from the informal as well as synergies between formal businesses and informal economic activities. We're excited to share with you some examples as we talk about the current work in research that we are doing around the world. There will be six presentations on projects and research in Mexico, Bolivia, India, Nepal, Kenya and Central Asia, including two videos from South Asian Latin America. I now turn it over to my colleague, Gary Grossman. I'm Gary Grossman. My current research relevant to human economies and sustainability concerns how aspects of development, most specifically sustainable development is promoted or held back by the extent to which informal and formal social, political and economic systems cohere in emerging nations. Examining the nations of Central Asia as exemplars, the research looks at a region that has all of the characteristics of new nations. These nations have each been around less than 30 years and defined as less developed by international agencies. It also has, however, a rich historical legacy from the days of the Silk Road in which the economy of the region and the sharing of ideas intertwine. The Silk Road therefore constituted an early case of globalization, contributed distinctive social and economic patterns to these new Central Asian nations that may have the potential of providing us new perspectives on many issues, including their prospects for achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals. Among the questions my research will speak to are matters such as the countries of Central Asia have highly active informal economies that have been estimated to contribute as much as 60% of the reported gross domestic product without being counted by official agencies. How characteristic of is this of developing nations elsewhere in the world that lacks such an historical legacy. Further, how has the rich history of the region of economic exchange in trade, social diversity and the transmission of ideas impacted the emergence of democratic institutions relative to other places around the globe. Finally, with regard to sustainable development, my recent work with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization brings these elements into focus with an exploration of the UN sustainable development goals and their implementation in Central Asia. Further, the optimism or pessimism a regional specialist about SDG progress are examined, then compared with other regions around the world to better understand the social context of nations of the world and the influence how they influence the implementation of the SDGs toward their anticipated fulfillment in 2030, as well as other future global policy initiatives. Again, Mary Jane Parment here, faculty member at Arizona State University and chair of the master of science and global technology and development. So in the past year, I've interacted with rural communities in Latin America, specifically Bolivia and Brazil. They've engaged with local businesses, non governmental organizations and regional and national government entities to implement off grid renewable energy systems or devices to address energy poverty and the needs of communities. For example, this picture shows a popular solar oven. That's being used both in the Amazon and the the Altiplano high altitude region of Bolivia. And it's produced by local business and sometimes funded by non governmental organizations or community groups and the ovens designed for single family home meal preparation. However, the interesting story is that we observe numerous instances of people using the ovens for productive uses such as drying seeds for jewelry and cacao beans for chocolate paste. Moreover, these products were largely being sold in the informal sector. In other words, the jewelry was being sold to tourists in the chocolate intermediaries. We have a global project here at Arizona State University that strives to implement off grid renewable energy that adds social value or productive value to communities. What is noteworthy is that much of this value is taking place in the so called informal sector. There's much room for growth with formal and informal partnerships. In this single example of the solar ovens in Bolivia, many in these communities that we visited were asking for larger ovens, for instance, ovens that would accommodate larger sheets of cacao beans for drying so they could increase production. Their innovative use of the technology was creating a need for a new product and opportunity for a variety of entities to address sustainable development through renewable energy and local productive chains. We also observe for instance solar pumps bringing water to llama and alpaca herds during the dry season the core economic activity for the area. Also engaging informally informal markets for the production of the meat and the the with these instances replicated globally the opportunity for renewable energy and sustainable development is vast. Thank you and I will now hand it over to my colleague Nina Berman. Yes, thank you Mary Jane. Hello, I'm Nina Berman, Professor of International Letters and Cultures here at ASU. As we've already emphasized our group aims at capturing the complexity of economic life as part of larger social interactions. As our research shows dominant economic narratives and metrics tend to leave out essential dimensions of economic life. For example, we find data on GDP and stock market to be inadequate as key measures regarding the health of the economy. These measures neither capture the range of actual economic activities, nor do they tell us something about how the majority of people live. My research assesses the impact of citizen aid. Citizen aid is a form of humanitarian aid that derives from personal relationships and takes place outside of formal channels of humanitarian aid. That is, these activities are not undertaken by NGOs or state or intergovernmental institutions. The effect of citizen aid, however, is tremendous. And that is what my research documents. Specifically, my work focuses on the informal flows and transactions of support that come from Europe to Kenya. In particular, I study the impact of actions undertaken by Europeans in a major tourist destination on the coast of Kenya. So activities occur in three main areas, namely interpersonal relations, healthcare and education. And here is a map of Kenya and also the reason for why people travel to this destination. So the activities occur in the realm of interpersonal relations that could be romance, but it could also be friendships, healthcare and education. Europeans invest in health and education and they support people individually. The extent is massive. The town of Okunda, which is adjacent to the main tourist destinations, has 80,000 inhabitants. There is not one family without a contact in Europe and in the current economic crisis that is a result of the pandemic, people survive through the support that comes from Europe. The monies that come in, however, are not primarily used for food. They allow people to continue their businesses, pay their loans and generate new economic opportunities. And I'm showing, you know, a couple of stores here that are run by people in this informal sector. And those are the kind of folks that draw on the support coming in from Europe to continue their businesses during the pandemic. These economic flows are not properly understood in mainstream economics. Economic activity is higher and often more robust than what is assumed in dominant narratives. If the situation was better understood, infrastructure development could pursue more meaningful directions. One of the key points of the human economies approach is in the word of Keith Hart, who has coined this term human economies to abandon the unemployment model. And this is exactly what I refer to. So with the folks, for example, the three stores that I showed, they are not unemployed and the monies that support them are not supporting them so that they have food, but rather an existing economic infrastructure. And so rather Keith Hart says we should embrace the idea that there was more going on in the grassroots economy than bureaucratic imagination allows for. Thank you so much. And I will hand it over now to my colleague, Rimjim Agarwal. So thank you Nina. I'm Rimjim Agarwal from the School of Sustainability. And I'd like to start with this image from India, when the lockdown was first announced, what this shows is around 10 million migrants who returned to their villages when the lockdown was first announced. And around half a million laborers left the cities walking or biking hundreds of miles away. They undertook this high risk journey home to their villages because they didn't believe they could trust the city where they worked to provide them the safety and the basic protections they needed to survive. And this is not just the case in India, the vulnerability and invisibility of migrant labor is a worldwide phenomena. In fact, in India, this is largely although not exclusively a domestic migration issue. But in most other cases, we are talking about cross border migrants for whom the vulnerabilities are much greater. And then, not surprisingly, when the lockdown was lifted, and we were trying to revive the economies, the businesses faced the problem of labor scarcity, as shown in these newspaper headlines. They tried to woo back the laborers with various kinds of incentives like free air tickets and food. Now let's pause here and think about this a little bit. What kind of response is this? We need to keep in mind that this is not the case where a single business is trying to survive and thinking of how it can outcompete others. But rather, this is the case where the whole global economy is impacted. And this is the new normal that we are dealing with now. And where we have this golden opportunity to rethink collectively in a creative and more humane way before we rebuild the global economy. This is where I think a global platform like the global compact which has labor rights and protections as a core part of its agenda can play a leadership role. So how would it do that? Based on my research, here I have three main suggestions. First, we need to begin with the recognition of the huge role that migrant labor and broadly speaking informal economy plays in the success of businesses of all kinds from small business to large corporates. And we need to move away from seeing the informal economy as a relic of underdevelopment that will slowly disappear, but as an integral part of our economy that deserves our utmost respect and attention. Second, this is a time when the governments in several parts of the world are trying to redesign their labor laws. And as shown in these slides, in these newspaper headlines, in the case of India, several states have rolled back on hard earned labor protection in the name of reviving the economy. And then there was a strong backlash against this rolling back which then led to recognition of some sort of rights of migrants and other informal labor. But there is lack of direction and different states are trying to impose different regulations. This is happening in the US as well. And we see this as a golden opportunity of course for us academics studying these different labor regulations. This is a great opportunity. But I think this is also a historic time for different stakeholders, businesses, workers, community organizations and academics to work with the government to rethink our labor laws. Because otherwise bringing about change can be very difficult. And my final point is, we need to rethink the principles on which we will rebuild. Principles of sustainability, inclusivity and shared value can be the basis for this rebuilding. And we have a large body of research that has supported the long term value of moving in this direction. But we've never had the collective drive to do so. So this crisis has given us a lot of pain, but also an opportunity, and let's not waste it. So now I hand it over to my colleague Dr. Netra Chhetri. Thank you. Thank you, Prem Zim. This is a great opportunity to share some of our work. I'm going to, my name is Netra Chhetri. I'm going to talk about the challenges and the opportunities in smallholder agriculture settings with the specific examples in the foothills of the Himalayas and a case of solar powered irrigation system. Let me try to share some of my presentation here, some of the slides here. And the Himalayas may be water tower, but they only manifest themselves at the bottom of the hills, far below each excess of settlements. Water studies and scarcity are typically at their peaks in the pre months and months, especially February to May, whereby many springs primary source of water for domestic and agricultural use, slow to a trickle or disappear. So while small electrical or diesel powered lift irrigation is common in certain part of Nepal, the electric supply of electricity and high cost of fuel poses economic hardship to farmers. So our power lift irrigation is a promising alternative, especially as a cost of solar panels are declining. And entrepreneurs are producing solar integrators pumps with higher hydraulic efficiencies and low cost, making it viable even for small farmers globally to have them. It enables the development of low carbon agriculture imposes improved access to water for farmers, reduce energy cost for irrigation and can have a significant spin off effects in agriculture sector. Solar power is amazing solutions in this case with clear focus on social environmental and economic well being for large for the last four years. Faculty and students from Arizona State University is multiple schools, Nepal Institute of Engineering and Central Department of Environmental Sciences. Some reason Nepal are private renewable energy farms. This was Himalaya's Nepal's think tank and local government as well as the community members are collaboratively working on farmers managed solar irrigation system in a small village in southern part of Nepal. So our focus on solar irrigation is further justified due to rising agricultural carbon footprint as a result of subsidies for electricity and diesel pumps to lift groundwater for irrigation. For example, 12 districts in the southern plain of Nepal alone has about 6,120 diesel pumps and 90% of those are operated, of course by diesel. With the range of solar radiation between four to six hours, sometimes even more than that, solar irrigation represents an innovative solutions to enhance food security while adapting to changing climate. It potentially offers a cost effective and sustainable energy solutions to off grid farmers while making agriculture growth a carbon neutral. So engaging in users and local institutions to work towards common goal is an enduring trait of our approach. We believe that successful outcomes comes from process where in users are given a voice in the planning implementation and management of the project. As a result, we sought to adapt approaches such as community organization, engagement of various stakeholders, development of financial mechanisms, seeking local development supports and mobilizing farmers and others. For this process, we have been able to create a new opportunities and sources of capital that we could not imagine had it been done in a traditional ways. So the realization that social inclusion is as important as physical infrastructure is a very important learning for us. Cross cutting theme which is a cross cutting theme across ASU. The socio-technical learning of this collaborative project was a unique experience for a student, faculty, community and Nepal's growing private sectors in energy. Also a good reminder that technological and social innovations customized to location specific need of these farmers, small farmers can be a part of a solutions, lifting them out of poverty, empowering the communities and ultimately contributing to social well being a common thread in even sustainable goals. So in conclusion, solar power lift irrigation or solar irrigation is a refreshing shortcut to Nepal's food and energy challenges. Or I can say that for almost all developing countries, but it requires investment in science-based solutions with local considerations. So this can be an important way to lift farmers out of poverty. But next generation of innovations, especially with regards to agricultural innovations, must not only improve the existing farming practices, it should be competitive to other forms of engagement so that the economy can move upward rather than downward. So in my next sort of video, we will introduce the idea of climate is smart agriculture through the introduction of solar irrigation. Because of the push towards the UN sustainable goal, particularly number seven, which is ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. That has enabled a new level of recognitions for energy centered role in well being of a small group of farmers. For farmers in Southern Nepal, that is where the video is from, which sits in the northern extension of the Indo-Gangitik basins, groundwater is the major source of water. It is not easily accessible, however, water availability, it's perceived as the main limiting factors to increase and crop choices. This is further compounded given the erratic pattern of rentals and expansion of dry seasons further instigated by changing climate. Those with the financial capital installed in small irrigation systems with hoses connected to the small farms in the deep of the well, but it is not an option to large number of small farmers who lacks disposable incomes. The farmers managed solar irrigation system, that is where we started some four years ago in Kulini village in Southern Nepal, pumps approximately 7100 cubic feet of water from the ground 158 feet deep aquifer. It has bolstered the field of social innovation as a whole, creating more resilient socio ecological technical system. It has the potential to irrigate about 50 acres of land. This is small project, hardly $20,000 has doubled the productivity and incomes of 40 participating farming household in this little community. With access to water supply, farmers can now grow multiple crops throughout the year, can plant their crop calendar and can grow oxygen vegetable which is a major source of income, especially informal source of income actually. So this is a transformative changes for farmers who were entirely at the mercy of the monsoon to operationalize their agricultural systems. So farmers in this particular area contributed about 20% of the material cost and provided the levers and so on. We provided technological support and a little bit of financial support, local NGO contributed and that's local NGO which is called local initiatives for biodiversity research and development. Currently conducting on farm cropping system research trials of the community. So our ultimate goal is to engage with the community for the foreseeable future to study the impact of this small scale interventions on the livelihood of community as well as how it has transformed the entire smallholder agriculture systems in this. So the realization that social inclusion is as important as physical infrastructure is a very important learning for now as of this point. So which is a cross cutting team of several learning courses at ASU as well. So with that I'll stop here and I'll pass these to our colleague, Professor Hallie Eakin, take it away Hallie from here. Thank you. My name is Hallie Eakin. I am a professor in the school of sustainability at ASU. And I'm going to speak today just about the particular aspects of my work that relate to this concept of human economies. In particular, my interest in understanding the vulnerability and capacities for adaptation of distinct populations to simultaneous and interacting sources of stress and shocks and namely the interaction of climate change and climate extremes with the day to day livelihoods that are affected by policy decisions and economic volatility at other scales. And I think today we really have an incredible opportunity to think about adaptation in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals. And this means not only thinking about those critical planetary functions but also unmet needs and human rights of populations who face some of the more extreme of our environmental changes. And this means foregrounding how our Sustainable Development Goals are interconnected, how sector goals are interconnected, and addressing climate challenge together with and as a part of a path to sustainable development. And in my own work, I have been primarily focused in Latin America and trying to understand the traps or the trade-offs that many households find themselves in where their day to day logic of their livelihood strategies and their individual efforts to manage risk are not always recognized or valued in the formal economy. So we can think of, for example, a household composed of recent immigrants to an urban area. They've settled on the slopes of Mexico City's conservation land, for example, highly exposed to flooding, to landslide risk. Their resource livelihood is based on precarious resource use or job opportunities that are often not consistently there. They don't have an ability to accumulate wealth in a way that would allow them to effectively both invest in their future in terms of education in terms of their health and also manage risk effectively. They're having to purchase water on top of everything else, build their homes to defend against flood risk, and this ultimately has an effect on their labor availability, their health. They aren't able to move out of these locations and this perpetuates poverty. And so my interest is in this trade-off and what can be done if we understand the logics of these livelihoods and the ways that decisions are constrained by decision-making of other scales that are not particularly, are not recognizing these trade-offs at the local level. And so I've been trying to make these conundrums visible to those who have the capacity to alter the conditions of many of these households on the ground, asking how do people perceive risk? How are they able to respond? How do policy decisions, whether that's at the level of the city or at the sector or at the country in terms of trade policies, shape people's vulnerabilities and their adaptation opportunities? And how should the responsibilities for adapting to environmental change be allocated? What is fair and just distribution given these various constraints? And in our work in Mexico City, we've been experimenting with a variety of different tools to try to make these different logs of risk and livelihood and those trade-off visible to different actors. So working with water managers, for example, we've been using system modeling and GIS database to try and understand and make visible how policy decisions about water trade-off and create patterns of vulnerability and exposure, particularly in areas where households don't have a lot of alternative options. We also are working with local populations, particularly in some of the informal settlements in the southern part of the city, with serious gains or role-cleaning activities, not only to make sure that we're capturing well the ways that they're managing their risk, the challenges they face, but also experimenting with different ways to communicate those realities to those who are in the capacity to change the infrastructure and alter the policy environment in ways that would be more favorable for these populations. And you can find out more in the website at the bottom of this presentation. So now I would like to just briefly introduce a video that we've made, also pertaining to Mexico City. And here again, the objective of this video is to foreground the voices of some of these residents who face particular challenges in their development context and their livelihood context. And in this video, it takes place in, or it showcases the voices of traditional farmers who are operating their land in the wetlands in the southern part of Mexico City in an area called Xochimilco, where they are practicing a traditional farming method that goes back to the pre-Hispanic times. And in this video, the farmers and others who work around the wetland will talk about the context of rapid urbanization, the challenges of finding and maintaining informal and formal livelihood opportunities while pursuing traditional agricultural practices. And they comment on this idea of whether they feel trapped or whether they see a potential for transformation in those activities. So thank you and I'll just end there. We are in the area of Chinampera. In the area of Chinampera is the lack of water and the lack of water quality. We have been fighting for the quality and the amount of water for 30 years. We are now at a point of no return, where the channels of the Apantles and Lagos are completely artificially maintained and they cannot even be maintained properly. More than 80,000 people are victims of the combination of a very violent demographic growth and a lack of urban planning, especially urban design. From the water, many aspects are derived, such as culture and the way of thinking of the producer. They are correlating with Xochimilco through the disappearance of their people or the development of their people, what is their primary activity for what was created, for what exists, what is their productive part. In addition, the use of soil is being modified in several places, it is becoming a home. This is part of the fact that Xochimilco is within the city and it becomes an alternative for many people who come to work in the city. A bad alternative. The first issue of Xochimilco is point number one, establishing the new development delegation program. Because we have an obsolete program, although it has a specific limitation in relation to conservation, the truth is that it has been completely outdated since 2005 and that it has not been able to adapt to the real situation. If we look at a map in time, like in a time-lapse, we can see how urban management is moving to a whole territory, a culture and a population, which in this case, for example before, had as its whole logic, from a lake, which is a totally lacustric culture. When that lake disappears, it is torn apart and its cultural, economic and social bases are removed because everything was in relation to nature. Xochimilco is a unique space in the world and its humidity conditions continue to bring a microclimate and a series of eco-systemic services that without them the city of Mexico is going to accelerate its, I was going to say cataclysm, but it sounds very loud. Or having non-habitable conservation soil, or having urban-habitable soil, and not having enough structures that allow people to coexist with an ecological system. So that generates, I feel, a trap because entering a paradigm where conservation requires not to let people in, but you have a lot of demographic pressure from people and you don't have a model that allows you to dialogue. That trap is somehow also provoked by ourselves. The abstract society, talking about Xochimilco, San Gregorio, Mexico, the world is not different. We are all somehow reproducing on a micro-scale like all these ideological values. It's not as if, I repeat, a governor comes from outside, or a power comes from outside, and wants to establish, despite being ours, but that we also help him, or we facilitate that kind of logic. Each one, within Xochimilco or outside, or those of us who want to do something for Xochimilco, we are pulling, on all sides, for many directions, and there is no overall vision. This clash between two ways of inhabiting the same territory that has a different logic, a sustainable life that we have always had, even though the concept is recent, and, on the other hand, it is like the liberation of the capitalist world. It doesn't matter the medium, as long as it reaches an end, and that end is economical, and I can go beyond the social environment. The transformation of my community is really difficult. If we see it in the process of reality, it is difficult, and I see it impossible. Why? Because each person has a world, and each person has needs, and each person doesn't want to collaborate. They don't value what we have, they waste water, they use agrochemicals, the projects that we have mentioned all their lives, the government gives them, or I call it the government's father, the government gives it to the producers, and sometimes the producers don't use it in what they are requesting. When it reaches an end of time, they don't have what they want, they break the mesh, the wind, the granite, and they don't have what they want. So it is a serious problem, it is almost impossible to fight it. There has to be an internal transformation by the society to safeguard what belongs to us, to preserve, to preserve, to value what is ours, what we form, what our ancestors did, what they inherited from us. But the transformation has to come from the inside. We can't generate changes from the outside, since it is something that has been tried for many years. It has been tried to generate changes from the outside, from the society, and they are things that have not been retrieved in any way, they don't prevail, they are efforts that generate something momentarily and end up disappearing, because there is no scope in society for these changes to grow, to mature, even to evolve. In my case, I have tried to innovate and look for new products, and we have achieved it. I have invited many producers, but they don't want to collaborate. The transformation of all my Chinese systems will depend on my neighbors too. That is common. Putting the 8000 theme on the political platform that has not been there for many years, I think that since it was decreed as the patrimony of the 8000 humanity has not been at that level in political agenda issues, and that would also detonate that the projects that are being directed to the area would have a more integral impact, or in fact they would have an integral impact, and not as isolated as it is right now. The issue of the 8000 and how to build a better situation in the 8000 definitely needs a part that is from top to bottom, that is, if it comes from the government, it cannot come exclusively like that. There has to be a construction of a consensus in the communities. That is the first thing. Or well, the simultaneous one, because I do consider that the two things are needed. I feel very proud to be part of, as I have mentioned, the resistance. I am not part of being cornered, I feel trapped, on the contrary, I feel very proud to have the possibility to give and give an opportunity not to the world, not to many, but to my son, to have the opportunity to choose. The community means having a joint vision, despite being people who have different origins, different traditions, different ways of thinking, or acting, or different jobs. But if we form a community that has a common vision and that that vision would have to be towards the well-being of the 8000 of us, I think we could achieve a transformation. I imagine an 8000 code where the Chinampas are being intensely cultivated, where the water is clean, where you can see children swimming in the canals, a little what they did not do so much, 40, 50 years ago, although in the context of a city of the 21st century, it has changed a lot, but I think that all of that is perfectly achievable. I really do not see any part of the challenge that seems unfriendly or impossible to me. Nepal has a diverse environment with the Himalayan mountains, the middles, and the Nepal plains, known as the Thorai. It also has diverse peoples, cultures, and historic communities. Nearly two-thirds of Nepalese depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Many Nepalese go overseas for jobs due to lack of opportunities in Nepal. Lack of irrigation is a major constraint for farmers to increase returns and take advantage of commercial opportunities. Climate change is also causing erratic rainfall, making rain-fed agriculture more risky. Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in the world and needs effective adaptation strategies. Sunbury Solar Nepal is an innovative company that has successfully developed over 100 solar systems for rural communities. Sunbury has recently developed a solar water system in depthily non-procedural states in Nepal plains. In depthily, farmers lack access to enough water for irrigation. Climate change has made the situation worse. Sunbury Solar Nepal with support from Arizona State University and the Climate Smart Village program has developed a model solar system lifting groundwater to irrigate nearly 7 hectares, benefiting more than 100 people. When we came in about four months ago, this piece of land was really barren and they were using the AC mains. But then in this area, you have voltage fluctuations happening all the time. So they were having issues with getting a stable power to basically operate that water pump. And now with solar water pump, these guys have no issues as such and they're getting more than 200,000 liters a day, which is really sort of like, as you can see, it's about six hectares of land that's being irrigated at the moment. So it's been running well so far. The solar system operates a 10-horsepower pump lifting 40,000 liters an hour from a depth of 30 meters. The system increases scrapping intensity, food production, replaces fossil fuel and enhances farmer's resilience to climate change. We had to get rid of all the waste. We didn't have any water source. We had to get rid of all the waste. We had to go to the Sun Bridge. Then we had to get water from the Urza river. We didn't have to worry about that. We had to get water at the right time. We didn't have much time to get water from the river. Now we've seen a lot of things in the past. We've been working on the construction of the river. We've been working on the project of the river. Then we've been working on the construction of the river. We've been working on the construction of the river. Now we've been working on the construction of the river. The water source is running well. We don't have much time to get water from the river. Sun Bridge, Solar Nepal, represents a bridge between Nepal and Portland, USA. The home of Sun Bridge Solar. Sun Bridge works closely with local partner organizations for effective implementation to help communities become self-reliant and for Nepal to achieve the sustainable development goals. We're listening and watching our presentation today and we welcome any feedback. Please contact us if you would like to explore any of these ideas or collaborate.