 Dleidio. I welcome. Very good to be here both in person and online. So thank you for those of you who have joined us in the room and Geneva. And for those of you online you are very welcome. That is good afternoon and good evening to wherever you are as well. On behalf of the Norwegian Refugee Council and the Housing and Property Area of Responsibility, which is part of the Global Protection Cluster, we are really pleased to welcome you here today. I'm Jim Robinson, I'm the Global Coordinator of the HLPE AOR, as it's known, am yr learnig ymgyrch yn gwneud, amser ywn y byd yw'n mynd yn i gweithio am y dyma, yr aelodau firen, iawn yn gwneud i'n gweithigau ymgyrch, hwn yn ei gofyd, am yw'r gweithio Awwr ein Gymdeithasol ei geni'n credu o amgyrch ar y owner hwn yn y Credu Ar Gw cinnwys. Felly, rydym yn dw i'n mynd i gweithio. Ymgyrch gwaith cyfindustri. Mae hyn yn ymgyrch yn ei hiwgrifesau, gan ydych chi'n gyd. Fy oedd yn defnyddio dyna'r masliad o'r pryd yn ôl, rwy'n meddwl amllunio'r cwysig ac yn gw routes yr oedd yn cymaint, i chi'n cael ei fod Doddorodd Eil Green yn gyffredinolaeth. Rydyn ni phos i'n ddim yn fwy o'i rôl. Rwy'n meddwl o'r pobl yw'r profiad, yn cael ei cynhyrchu gwneud wahanol. Byddwn i'r bywydwyr ei wedi'w arch yw. Fy hoff yw gydag yn ddigonio'r falu o ddysgwys. Roedd yn cynnig bod yn gwneud yr un oedr oedd, can sort of share that in the future, but I know some already have been in touch so they can't make it, but it would be interesting to hear the discussion, and we've got some really fascinating speakers today, and we will hear from them, but we also want this to be a sense of, you know, conversation dialogue. It's a smaller group, we can do that, we want to have a bit of exchange, so there's going to be plenty of time for questions and comments as well, so I'm going to be managing the time. It's not particularly harsh as a person, but when it comes to timekeeping, ooh, watch out. So, yeah, please do engage with us however you feel comfortable. You can do that online even if you're in the room and you want to submit your questions via the teams link, you're very welcome to. Sometimes it helps to have all those things in one place. There's microphones all in the ceiling magically, so we can speak and be heard online, so we can use that as well. So the session is going to draw on a real wealth of experience, as you can see up there on the screen, both policy and practice, and we're going to hear from colleagues working in the Pacific, Mozambique, Somalia, as well as from a global perspective as well. But before then, I just want to offer a few remarks on housing, land and property, partly just to say, you know, what is this HRP thing, and then also to situate it within the context of this discussion. So, just a few minutes from me and we'll get to our speakers. I'm really looking forward to hearing. So, as global temperatures increase with climate change, so is the intensity and frequency of related disasters, and this has led to increased risk of displacement in the future. More people are forced to flee their homes because of floods, tropical storms, droughts, and other natural hazards. Please, could you just mute your microphone if you're online? That would be great. Thank you. That might be your one. In 2020 alone, these are figures from the IDMC, 30.7 million people were displaced by disasters, constituing the highest annual number in a decade. So this is a problem that's here and it's increasing. Now, with this displacement, there are significant housing, land and property protection challenges that arise. The impacts of climate change, they worsen the situation and prospects for displacement affected people. They prevent durable solutions, they access to natural resources, restrict livelihoods and can exacerbate conflicts. So lots of things that are all linked together. Now, HRP rights, what are they? Trying to get away from using HRP as an acronym. If anyone has a suggestion of what we could do instead of HRP for housing, land and property, I would love to hear it because it can create a barrier. Anyway, HRP rights, they're about having a home, they're about having a place that offers shelter, safety, the ability to secure a livelihood. And this home is free from the fear of forced eviction. So it's about how do we feel secure in a place? What's our connection to a place? How are we able to live our lives in that place? Now, HRP can include the full spectrum of rights to housing, land and property, and these can be held according to statutory or customary law and also informally. HRP rights are held by owners, tenants, co-operative dwellers, customary land tenure owners and users, the informal sector dwellers and those without secure tenure. Now, these rights are intrinsically related to environmental rights as well, and this implies access to unspoiled natural resources that enable survival. This might be land, shelter, food, water and air. And with the impacts of climate crisis on displaced people, there's significant additional HRP protection challenges. There might be an assumption in a disaster that people will go back to their homes once the hazard ends. And this might be the case, but in many situations, insecure HRP and natural resource rights are actually a barrier to that return being possible or to relocation or resettlement. In other cases, displaced people might settle in unsafe areas attempting to sustain the livelihoods or their cultural connections to the land. The impacts of climate change and disasters may also render areas uninhabitable. Disaster displacement can become protracted when return is not possible. Measures to relocate or integrate displaced people are absent or they fail to address the actual needs of IDPs or refugees. Housing and property considerations are also key for preparedness, prevention, response and recovery. For example, people living in informal settlements might face high risks of displacement that's linked to poor housing conditions or environmentally vulnerable locations. They might also face high risks of not being able to return. HRP rights are therefore central to improving planning to reduce these vulnerabilities. It's often wrongly assumed that the HRP rights of displaced people are better protected in disaster situations and that protection challenges are less prevalent than in conflict situations. This can lead to HRP issues being neglected in humanitarian development responses to disasters. In situations where both disasters and conflict are drivers of displacement, addressing HRP rights is essential to virtually all the rules of humanitarian programming. It might be building shelters, infrastructure, supporting sustainable livelihoods, also linked to demining activities, providing adequate water, sanitation and health programming. Anytime there's an interaction with land, we need to think about HRP rights. When this is misunderstood or ignored by humanitarian actors, there can be serious protection concerns that emerge that can lead to further conflict, violence, dispossession and displacement. However, if we address these HRP issues in a clear, thoughtful, systematic way, we can actually prevent additional harm. We can improve trust within communities, enhance the capacity of governance institutions and we can lead to sustainable solutions to displacement. NRC, Norwegian Refugee Council and the HRPOR are working in partnership with the Government of Lichtenstein to address the gap in knowledge of HRP protection challenges that relate to disaster and other displacement in the context of climate change. That's why we're here today to discuss that. Thank you for your attention there. I just wanted to situate our conversation and our discussion and we can see the speakers on the screen there. We're going to move on now to them so I'm really pleased to welcome Nina Berkeland, who is our Senior Advisor on Disaster Displacement and Climate Change. As a co-convener, Nina will also be jumping in with some comments throughout the session as well. Like I said, we want this to have an element of informality that we can actually have conversation and dialogue. Once we've heard from the speakers, we will then definitely be opening it up and looking forward to hearing from you. Nina, over to you. Thank you again and welcome to all. There are actually quite a few people in the room and even more online. If you have more than 30 people, we should be very happy and I think we're happy with our attendance. We are competing with a high-level event at HSMDW on climate change, but that's what I said to one of our first attendants this morning. I think people want to listen, go downstairs, people want to think and discuss. They came here or are online with us, so welcome. Because we need you to be part of a discussion going forward, I'll set around a very fancy paper because some of you have read this online, but maybe not, so if you can put name and email an organisation, then we'll be able to meet you after. So, climate change, Disaster Displacement, Co-convener and Property. I've been asked to do it to say a little bit about what has happened and what's happening in the policy landscape because all our interventions after will talk much more concretely on different regions and different tools and how you actually do it in reality, but if you look on climate change and displacement, I think it's fair to say that this has really been on the agenda for more than 10 years, quite systematically and very much coordination through the platform on disaster displacement that I think many of you know about, start that initiative and if you look to, for example, data and knowledge production, I didn't see the internal displacement monitoring centre, which is a part of MRC, they released their first report back in 2009 covering disaster displacement up to 2008. So it's not new, but I think it's relatively new that they actually ask many parent organisations are not just thinking about it, they've actually tried to do something. I think also if you look at the programme of HMPW, you'll see there's a lot of efforts on greening. I don't think you find many events that talk about what are the impacts on people and what to be as humanitarian organisations need to do so protection is one, but also others. So I really hope that this event will help us around that. So we're going to go to the next slide there, right? So when we talk about the policy world, and of course we could have put up many more processes, but some of the bigger ones where we met MRC from disaster displacement, IEM, UNHCR, GDR, you could list many organisations where we've been trying to get the issue of displacement and disaster displacement into policies related to the climate change disasters. We have, of course, the climate change negotiations up to the logo of the Paris agreement because I think that's really when everyone starts to realise it. And in Paris at the COP21, we got a reference to not in the Paris agreement, but in the next level of decisions to displacement. And it also established a task force to work on the prevention and response to displacement, which is completely new in the UNFCC system, the climate change negotiations. Also in 2015, we got to send our framework on disaster risk reduction. Also, you know that, we see there's lots of references around migration, displacement, people on the move. It's not one term, but there's many on people, of course, and voluntary moving. And if you look at these two frameworks, I think on the Sendai framework, it's easier to move on practice because it's not a legal framework that is negotiated word by word. But I think if you look at the power and where the money comes, it's, of course, the climate change negotiations. So you need it, so on, at least both. If you look on the humanitarian migration displacement side, you have two compacts that also very much came out of 2015 with the New York Declaration that said you need to have two compacts on migration and for refugees. Aciforce, also a legislation. But when it comes to how climate change impacts migration and also disaster displacement, there's very much ended up sitting in some compact on migration. It is referred to climate in the global compact on refugees, not climate change. This is politics, which was the biggest donor to UNICE in 2015. So it's in there, but it's not covered in the same way. So these are some examples. The last one I wanted to refer to is the platform on disaster displacement, which is a state-of-the-process where we as NGOs, UN organisations, academia, et cetera, are also working together. So you have a process that has been able Sorry, I'm thinking too fast. So the platform on disaster displacement, that is a process that was set up by states, because back in 2011, everyone expected that disaster displacement would be picked up by the UN organisations, UNICR, AEM, et cetera, especially UNICR. It wasn't a space and it didn't happen. So then states came together. Switzerland and Norway made a pledge. We will lead a process on this. And later you had other states coming on board on this. So it's over the years been then co-chair by first Switzerland and Norway, Germany, Bangladesh, Fiji and France, and then the EU will take over from this summer. So this is ongoing. I will leave that, but I will just kind of show this is a big landscape. But I think what is one of the reasons why we want to have this event today and look at the protection gaps is that it is relatively successful to get it in here. But neither Sendai nor the Climate Change Negotiation is really about protection. So how do we get it to more hats on our side? And I think if you look to what has happened, it is actually one of the few protection issues that has somehow seeped into this more again on the Sendai side than on the Climate Change Negotiation. But if you go to the next slide please. Just as an example of the Climate Change Negotiation, I think if you go back to the COP 14 in the 2008 in Copenhagen, I think that's maybe the first space where this was discussed a bit systematically. And I see released a report of thoughts of refugees. We would never use a title like that today, but that was kind of the way you framed it from years ago. Can we have the slide in the room? Thank you. I will not go through all the years, but basically you see every year since 2008 there has been something happening around displacement at the Climate Change Negotiation. And as I said, in Paris you got the task force. In Glasgow last year it wasn't really on the top level, but it kept being part of underlying decisions. So I think again how do we keep it on the agenda and how do we move it forward when we go forward. I think we have a big opportunity because loss and damage is finally becoming a priority for many around the Climate Change negotiations. Next slide. So, the PDD. It started as the nonston initiative back in 2013 and then became the platform of disaster displacement. I think this is the kind of policy space where we have been able to convene across many actors. So civil society, international organisations, UN, Red Cross and not the least states. And it's having states at the table and dealing with it. I think we have been able to get quickly changed and it has been sitting purely on the kind of humanitarian system but people might have different opinions on that. I wanted to highlight one document here which is called the agenda for protection of cross-border displaced persons in the context of disaster and climate change. So that is a compilation of good practices on protection in the context of disaster and climate change. When you search it you won't find too many references on the protection of cross-border displaced persons. Next slide. March this year, the Global Protection Cluster launched a guidance for PD protection clusters and AORs at the area of responsibilities of preparedness protection in the context of climate change and disasters. HLP is an AOR on the GBC. Search HLP in these two. Nothing. If you search property you will find one reference to property and if you search the toolkit you will also find one reference. I think it just shows that we have a need to push the HLP issue off also on the protection cluster side where we are all part of. Next slide. Just as an example, on the disaster risk reduction side with us on our side but also with many others we have worked on trying to get disaster displacement acted on by policy makers and practitioners. Instead of coming with our guidance, this is disaster displacement we try to help that to be integrated into national DRR policies and practice. We have some successful examples. We have quite a bit of work in motion but it's slowly happening. Then one more slide and I will stop this one. I don't know if it works on a small screen but I want to show here that if you focus on one of these stops everything else will start to turn. This is my point when we talk about displacement housing land and property and protection. You can't just look at one because it's all connected but you still need to focus on the specificities to know how to move this forward. I would take that off to get people to this in the morning and we will get back to policy and blah blah blah at the end but I think now it's time to go to what's actually happening and not just what are the global frameworks which we then need to make sure are implemented in the roundable. Thank you. Thank you Nina and thank you for that optical illusion but it makes a good point of trying to focus in on specific things that we are doing today but seeing them as connected to the wider issues. I think our three speakers joining us from that field perspective that practitioner perspective will really make that clear the linkages that are there. Thank you Nina for setting that in the context of some of the policy developments that are ongoing. Please now to welcome Hugo Reichenburgo who's the Senior Protection Cluster Coordinator in Mozambique with UNHCR. Hugo, are you there and are you ready? Yes, I'm here and ready. Let me just project maybe my presentation if that's okay with you. Please move next. And tell me when I can just start. Just one second. I see HLP in climate due displacement protection customer Mozambique. Fantastic. Thank you. Thank you very much Jim and Nina for your very interesting introduction. And also thank you very much for inviting myself to participate. As mentioned by Jim, I'm the National Protection Cluster Coordinator in Mozambique and HLP is one of the many different issues that we are looking at. And what I guess my main message of my presentation is really that HLP within Mozambique is important for a number of factors, right? Mozambique we have two let's say emergencies or two types of displacement happening at the moment. We have of course the conflict in the north. This is of course a conflict driven human rights violations driven. And many of the origin of that story of displacement has a beginning in HLP rights violations, right? About communities initially been displaced essentially by large companies coming in encroaching on land which has then fueled grievances and fueled conflict and displacement. And then the second situation which we have is a continuous yearly, let me call visits of cyclones which are becoming more intense and more frequent in the central part of Mozambique. And the HLP element there is very important because as I will try to demonstrate there's a very innovative land law in Mozambique but Mozambique becomes a little bit of a victim of this innovation as it becomes increasingly difficult for communities to secure land when they are displaced by cyclones. So welcome to Mozambique where I'm speaking from. We are essentially in a very poor country, right? Very low rank in HD HDI. And of course what I'd like to stress is a very long country, right? So I'm based in Maputo in the extreme south and many of my colleagues, in fact my other cluster coordinator is in Cabo Delgado in the north 2,300 km away. So we are talking about a very long country and very much exposed to climate change, to the cyclones, and not prepared at all to deal with these challenges. It ranks 154th in the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative that looks at vulnerability and readiness of countries. This map, and people frequently ask me, but wait a second, you're in Africa, you're in Mozambique, are there cyclones in Africa? So I'd like to show this map from the World Bank with tracks since 1969, the different cyclones hitting Mozambique. It looks like a child has just drawn onto this map, but in fact it's a different cyclones hitting Mozambique since 1969. We as a humanitarian community, and within the humanitarian community, a protection cluster has been dealing with more higher intents and frequent cyclones since the beginning of the 2000s. Before 2000s, the last cyclones had been 20 years ago, pretty much, and since 2007 they've become more and more frequent, and now we're really looking at a situation where we have cyclones and displacement, which is an important link to HLP happening really on a yearly basis. Of course, I think you've all heard of Idai. This was the infamous largest cyclone in African history in 2019, displacing 400,000 people to which I will speak to a lot in my examples. Let me jump to this photo that I took myself in an evacuation centre after Cyclone Eloise. That's another thing about cyclones in Mozambique. They all have very beautiful names, but unfortunately they have devastating impacts. What struck me in these evacuation centres is that of course people are drying their clothes most obviously, right? But what they're also drying is civil documentation, and among them they're famous duats, which is their land tenorship document within Mozambican law, which they lay out to dry after cyclone hits because they full well understand the importance of this documentation, right? We are in a country that has a very strong social presence, a very strong bureaucratic presence throughout this territory. Somebody is unmuted and speaking Portuguese. OK, it's gone. I think you're muted here, if you could just unmute. My apologies. You can hear me now. One interesting element that I want to maybe share with you colleagues, specialists, experts on HLP, I consider myself more of a generalist in protection is that there's essentially a very interesting land law in Mozambique that has been quoted as known as the best land law in Africa. This for a number of reasons, because it came out of the need to have a flexible land law in a country that has been ravaged by civil war for the last decades, right? With refugees returning in the 90s, IDPs going back to their lands, people that had never been displaced, and a lot of conflict happening as a result of the former rigid land law that existed. So they created a very flexible, innovative land law that recognizes customary law and is meant to protect communities, recognize gender equality. Ladies and gentlemen, a very beautiful law on paper, however unfortunate with a number of challenges. Maybe what I should stress here is that, ironically, it was created as a response to the internal displacement in the country, however, as internal displacement continues in the country, there's still challenges in implementing that law. The basic tenets of the law is that law cannot be sold and law belongs to the state, right? Still Mozambique was part of the Soviet sphere, right in the Cold War, and has inherited this revolutionary post-Soviet style of governance land being very much owned by the state and individuals come and they can acquire the rights to use the law through the Duat, right? This document that the gentleman is demonstrating there and with very flexible and community-based mechanisms to have that land usage recognized to themselves. Land cannot be sold, that's another element of the law. However, there are a number of challenges with this law because land cannot be sold, but however, it is still sold anyways, right? There's still a number of informal processes that have come together to bridge that gap in many ways and people are still very much in a position where they have to buy a land and it's also very costly to register oneself within the Duat and so very, very few people actually do so, only 10% and we'll show you more data below. Another element is that the wish to make a land law that is overly based on a community consent has created a situation in which the details of having that community consent realize has not yet been codified by law, causing some confusion and some lack of transparency how to actually acquire land. This is the result of an assessment that was done across the territory by the National Peasantry Union, a very strong civil society actor in Mozambique and as you can see in the south there, 67% of people don't have a Duat in the center, 70% in the north, 81%. So very few actually register their Duat curiously enough and this is part of the flexibility of the Duat. You're not required to actually necessarily register your Duat. If you have enough evidence within the community at the local level that you have been using the land for the last couple of years, you are entitled to Duat to work it but of course without having that registered in a situation of displacement caused by cyclones, this complicates this law. So again, a law created to facilitate access to land as a result of displacement then creates additional problems when there are continuous displacement. I guess that's my key message for you today. Another element of it is gender inequality and I will not read these boring facts to you. I will just go straight to the fact that within the same assessment done with the National Peasantry Union as you can see the red color there are the Duat registered for women. Unfortunately as you can see for south, center and north there are no red bar graphs there so no women have actually, or very few have registered Duat. Another thing maybe that I want to highlight is civil documentation then the lack of civil documentation is another a challenge in an assessment that we did as a protection cluster only 45% of IDPs had their civil documentation and of course this is a first step to acquiring the Duat which is again if you want to formalize it if you want to have that documentation it's a very complicated and laborious process but already the fact of not having a civil documentation to start with already exposes displaced persons by cycle and conflict to a number of protection issues thus reducing the chance that they will acquire civil documentation and then move over to then acquire another document through a very lengthy bureaucratic process. Do you go just two more minutes? Yes, yes, please. Over to you, Jim. I heard you coming in there. I'm almost finished. You can have one more, another minute or so, that's fine. I was just telling you. Okay, fantastic. Just very quickly I guess there was an assessment on after a die and it showed that 90% of the displaced did not have their Duat's previous displacement. 82% of IDPs that were relocated had no Duat allocated. Only 14% had those Duats but I want to move very quickly to my recommendations, right? In protection we think of responsive remedial and environment building in our egg model. In the responsive I really want to make a case that Duat is important, right? HLP is important in this context. There needs to be strengthening of HLP or coordination in Mozambique, right? We had an HLP coordinator last year. Unfortunately, we had to leave. We wish to go back to that. Provision of civil documentation as a responsive mechanism to continue including the Duat as well and for Duat to be considered when considering, for example, the allocation of relocation sites. And then a number of ideas that I will not go into details, but of course raise the awareness of the rights of communities within the 1997 land law that I've been mentioning and that Duat be automatically provided with land plots when IDPs are relocated. Environment building, there are a number of them there but maybe what I will stress is that there is a very interesting law. It just needs to be prioritised within humanitarian development response following cyclones. And therefore, of course, the interest of donors has to be there and to understand this better. And for this, we really need capacity on the ground to unpack this complex law and see ways in which to write translated more practically within our context. So I will leave it at your gym with my minute being up. Thank you so much, Hugo. And we can come back to you with some questions. But thanks for also not only setting out the challenge and the connections between that displacement related to the cyclones but also in the context of ongoing conflict in the north as well. Facing lots of different challenges as they all come together that the response of which can be undermined by the situation regarding land and people's connection to it. So thanks for setting that out and for being clear on some recommendations. I know that I've got some work to do in that as well. So thank you for highlighting that. That's good to see. Really pleased now to turn to colleagues in Somalia. So we have Evelyn Aero Magaero who is the Acting HLPO, our coordinator in Somalia. And the Regional Advisor for the NRC's Information, Counting and Legal Assistance Program. And also Shazan Kirubi who's the Information, Counting and Legal Assistance Specialist in Somalia. So over to you Evelyn and Shazan to share about your experiences working in Somalia in response to some of these challenges and some of the things that you've been able to do in that response. We've been over to you. Thank you for sharing your presentations. I just want to know. Thank you, G. Just to mention that Shazan is unable to join due to conflicting priorities. So I'll be presenting a jointly for Somalia. Thank you. Next slide please. Next slide please. Thanks. So this presentation is really developed together with the HLPO area of responsibility. The work that we've been doing around this was generated through the work that our partner have been doing on the ground. So looking at the impact of climate change on securing HLP rights, security of tenure is what has emerged mostly in our work around climate change and climate induced displacement and HLP rights. So one of the things that we have identified is the fact that it does exacerbate the complexity of HLP rights. So as mentioned by the previous presenter, there is a lot of loss of tenure documents and damage to boundaries and this has implications post displacement for tenure security. So during an emergency there is usually a focus on life saving interventions. So from an HLP point of view sometimes we are so focused on responding to HLP needs within the emergency. So as a result we tend to focus on securing tenure for emergency relief say temporary shelters or temporary water points in response to say drought induced displacement. And I'll give you an example of a case study on Baidaw. Baidaw is one of the districts in Somalia in a region called Baidaw and in the recent drought response drought induced displacement affected a significant number of the displaced people but also contributed to new displacements and as we were providing support to the drought displaced in urban centres what in mind was the fact that the persons that were actually providing HLP due diligence and land tenure security support too asked us to actually relocate them closer to their areas of villages of origin. So if there is an urban centre the preference was to be relocated closer to the area of origin so if you're from a rural area the urban centre that is closest to the rural area and the reason was that they also wanted us to provide land tenure security support for HLP issues that they anticipated would emerge post the drought and that is a clear reflection that sometimes we focus so much on the response within the emergency but sometimes we need to also take preventive action and that is a clear indication that we actually do see the linkages between climate change climate induced displacement and also HLP rights both in the place of displacement and in the villages of origin. We also have identified that it's an effect multiplier which increases the risks of HLP violations. It multiplies the probability and intensity of extreme weather events and environmental hazards rather directly creating them meaning that if they were already risks associated with HLP violations say inadequate housing, the fact that there is their issues around flooding, drought and even famine that exacerbates the HLP issues that these displaced populations were facing and also we've also seen in Somalia that it contributes it actually escalates land grabs. There are lots of land grabs but also we've seen a new emerging issue of where there is drought displacement or displacement population movement linked to famine or even floods. We've seen that some powerful businessmen and even sometimes authorities actually that are left behind to protect the rights of these displaced persons of vulnerable host community actually participate in land grabs and they take advantage of the climate induced displacement that leave the villages nearly empty. Next slide. And linked to the land grabs we've also seen the politicisation of land issues so the politics around land in Somalia has also been amplified in the recent years and this has also created different trajectories of property rights values and relations and therefore addressing it from a preventive perspective is really key. Looking at tenure documentation looking at defining boundaries as a preventive measure and looking at defining those boundaries say in flood prone areas because you know the temporary boundaries that are not well demarcated can be washed away during a flooding. We've also seen implications for gender we know that in Somalia women especially the impacts of climate change affect women and men differently but women are often responsible for producing food or gathering and also fetching water and this has implications for HLP because most of these resources are actually based on some form of HLP and in the long term when climate induced displacements take place women are disproportionately affected. Next slide. So what have we been doing and as I mentioned earlier yes the HLP area of responsibility is called led by the community council in Somalia but these are some of the key aspects that are outside the traditional HLP response that we have been able to implement as a result of the emerging climate induced displacement but also the need for HLP to be part and parcel of these kinds of responses and interventions. The first thing we've done we have conducted an analysis to inform programming and policy so in 2018 due to the floods in Somalia we undertook a study on flood assessment in Belletwain. Belletwain is often affected by floods and this was led by northern frontier youth sleep a local partner that is part of the HLP era and this one of the key recommendations from this assessment was that we lack the tools as the housing land and property area of responsibility to actually respond to HLP issues that are linked to some of these climate change aspects so like HLP issues during a flood HLP during a drought and this resulted into the second response which was the development of a resource pack and this resource pack is a toolkit that is supported by the global HLP area of responsibility together with the HLP area of responsibility in Somalia we have developed a toolkit that has two parts the first part lists about 11 tools that can be used by any HLP actor in identifying HLP needs prior to a natural disaster and then also to be able to respond during the disaster and post the disaster then the second part of the toolkit is a manual and the manual is a training of trainers manual so this manual includes five training modules and one of the training modules is actually a module on climate change and land rights and we are very specific and intentional about climate change and land rights because that is where we saw the most areas and also that's where we saw the most needs and this takes us of course to the training itself so you will see that the third response is training this has not yet taken place because the toolkit has not yet been piloted but we hope that this training will empower HLP actors to contextualise training that are very specific to natural disasters within the context of housing land and property. The third is advocacy the analysis that I mentioned above includes policy briefs for recently the housing land and property area of responsibility also produced a policy brief on drought and housing land and property in Mogadishu and these analysis have informed advocacy so we've been able to generate evidence and use this evidence to influence programming and policy work and also to remind humanitarian actors that HLP is relevant during such responses and also that they need to make sure that HLP is mainstreamed within their interventions we have received more traction with the durable solutions secretariat in Somalia and so we've been able to actually champion this most of the durable solutions framework in Somalia the last one is to facilitate security of land tenure as you will have seen from the earlier example I gave you from Baidoa we have been able to map HLP issues and concerns in drought and we are now moving that land we are actually using that land to start to map potential issues with the framing that has been declared in Somalia so this is very preventive it enables us to understand the tenure issues the nature of the challenges to securing tenure the nature of the tenure arrangements and make sure we also have hybrids so sometimes documenting the arrangements and not usually focusing so much on the documents but focusing on using existing mechanisms of securing tenure in such locations because when you are looking at climate change it's not just limited to the areas that are accessible when we are responding through our humanitarian interventions it also includes periaban and rural areas next slide please but of course as we try to look at climate change and HLP or climate induced displacements that are linked to and the implications for housing land and property rights there are some challenges that we have identified there are many but we will just highlight some of the ones that we thought are more relevant for this session so one of them is limited information as you have realised that when Jim mentioned spoke about HLP and finding anachroning when you talk about it within the perspective of HLP you will find that it's very difficult to unpack the H, the L and the P but you will find some information around land rights and climate change but that is sometimes very much linked to development aspects when you look at the humanitarian perspective there is limited information on HLP and climate change and we are not saying that we want to limit it to humanitarian interventions no we think that from our humanitarian work that evidence can also be able to influence the humanitarian development and peace nexus some work has been done around land rights and climate change but we need a broader perspective on land and property the other is the weak policy environment both normative and institutional frameworks in Somalia are generally weak moreover laws and policies are still repugnant so even it's usually good to drive some of these messages through policy influence of policy work but where policies are repugnant or policies do not even exist or they are weak it makes the work complicated there is capacity gaps generally there is limited understanding on the relationship between land rights and climate change within the humanitarian sector so sometimes even within a drought response if you are an HLP actor or within a feminine response they will ask you why is HLP relevant take it out so that already shows you that there is limited understanding so limited that there is even no understanding that some of these interventions are actually constructed on HLP on some form of HLP so then there is also preference for life-saving interventions HLP seldom considered a priority I think I've mentioned that and more displacements attributed to climate change focus more on those life-saving interventions that I have mentioned next slide so we have also identified some gaps and areas of future investment you'll see that some of the gaps are linked to the challenges but we think that we should support the establishment of normative and institutional frameworks including post disaster policies in Somaria that maybe they may be standalone policies but we may also embed them in land reform land policy or land law reform prevention and preparedness we could focus on prevention and preparedness integrating health HLP responses in early action activities and mobilising resources for HLP and climate change the other is capacity development I think I have mentioned the development of tools that we've started but facilitating training providing material support to relevant institutions and departments and also providing technical assistance whether we second or support with fact finding that will be important in developing the capacity of authorities or actors that are working on land rights to consider climate change issues and then lastly address issues around data and evidence address issues around HLP and climate change that are complex, costly and have long term implications it's therefore vital for interventions based on evidence that is available so beyond just analysis and research maybe having exploration of studies or longitudinal studies that revisit these issues because some of them are recurrent that's the end of June Mae, thank you Evelyn thanks so much for that and yeah really interesting to hear about perspective and some of the things you're doing in response and just worth noting that the tool here and that those models that are being developed are something that we'll look to share more widely and if that's something that's of interest to you where you're working in your context then please do get in touch we'll share the details about that later on because it's something we want to be available to adapt and to develop further and thank you so many interesting things in there that we can pick up later on particularly that preference for life saving intervention which is something that comes up a lot when we're talking about housing land and property issues and how important or not are they seem to be so I think that's something that's relevant for a lot of different contexts so thank you for highlighting that as well and now I'm really pleased to turn to Daniel Fitzpatrick from the Faculty of Law at Monash University who's going to give us a perspective focused on the Pacific region so Daniel over to you Thanks Jim could Ryan share my slides Thanks Daniel Thanks very much so next slide thanks What I want to emphasise with the Pacific is that we have a similar situation of legal pluralism as Hugo described for Mozambique so we have customary land and we also have what's called alienated land and alienated land is state land but it's also land held under statutory rights and so what that means is that we have different types of movement of people in the Pacific when we use a HLP lens that is there's movement within the customary territory of a group and that's generally small scale movement it's often because of rising sea levels you have movement to the customary territory of another group and that includes movement to peri-urban settlements which is a big issue in the Pacific and then you have movement to alienated land which is generally statutory land next slide so legal pluralism and this slide here it doesn't come out very well at all but it shows the extent of customary land in the Pacific and the important thing about the Pacific like Mozambique is that there is legal recognition of customary land so it's a category of legal ownership next slide so this is the Solomon Islands in the Pacific and it just illustrates my point about legal pluralism so the areas marked in green are legally recognised as customary land and the areas marked in red and yellow are combinations of state land and privately held alienated land now Solomon Islands it also shows another key point that I want to make is that the issues of rapid onset disaster displacement are similar to what Hugo and Evelyn described particularly Evelyn's description we have an interaction of rapid onset natural disasters and slow onset disasters so climate change is acting as a threat multiplier we have problems with introducing HLP assessments early into humanitarian activities after a rapid onset disaster there are particular problems with displacement on to the country land of another group and so what happens is you get protracted displacement and conflict with the host community there are also problems with people who are displaced self settling so the government wants them to relocate to another area or to settle in another area but they move to the area that they prefer and that also is a common phenomenon there is less of a problem with civil documents for reasons that I can talk about but the general point is that rapid onset disaster displacement we have similar HLP issues that both Evelyn and Hugo described however for this presentation I want to focus on slow onset natural disasters that is particularly rising sea levels which is apart from cyclones obviously is a major issue in the Pacific is the rising sea level problem could I get the next slide thanks so moving away from back one please oh no sorry next slide so moving away from rapid onset natural disasters and looking at rising sea levels and slow onset what we have in the Pacific in addition to the humanitarian frameworks for rapid onset natural disasters we have an emerging set of policies relating to planned relocation and that is particularly focused on rising sea levels so it's a much slower process there are now numerous villages in the Pacific coastal villages that have moved under planned relocation guidelines especially in Fiji and Vanuatu which have had sets of guidelines for a number of years now there is guidelines being drafted in Solomon Islands at the moment now one of the issues with planned relocation is illustrated by this case of Walande Island and you can see it's a complicated case but just to put it simply you can see the effect of rising sea levels there is that this community moved to the land of another customary group close to where this photo was taken and that required an agreement with the customary land owners and so that's the first issue that I want to highlight with planned relocation is that if you can move within your customary territory then that is the best result from an actual pay perspective but for an island like this they had no more customary territory they had to move to the mainland to the customary territory of another group and this was an agreement issue next slide the second type of consequence of rising sea levels that I wanted to highlight is adaptive migration so in this case this is a well known at-hole to the north of the Solomon Islands it's very remote and you can see its vulnerability to rising sea levels now most of the population of this at-hole if I could get the next slide thanks I should say many many people from these there tends to be circular processes of adaptive migration so there is an informal settlement in the capital city which is marked on the map there which is associated with people from on Tong Java so this also is a common phenomenon is that when people move as a result of rising sea levels it's not often rapid onset disaster displacement although that is a problem and it's not also often planned relocation through the governments because the governments lack resources and people move before the relocation takes place so it tends to be the younger people people looking for jobs education they move to the cities but they move to an informal settlement that is connected to their home island settlement and this is what we have here and this is an important point about HLP rights for rising sea levels as we have to take into account migration to urban informal settlements and in terms of numbers this is the biggest issue in the pacific when it comes to human mobility in my view next slide this is a slide that shows the increasing number of informal settlements in the urban area in Solomon Islands everyone would be familiar with this phenomenon from their own work and I think this is tightly connected to the problem of rising sea levels slow onset natural disasters and HLP issues next slide so what I'm talking about therefore is extending the frame of HLP analysis beyond rapid onset disaster displacement to issues of planned relocation and adaptive migration now as part of a policy report I did for the pacific islands forum secretariat which is coming out very soon I did a review of policy instruments in this area disaster risk management climate adaptation plans location and displacement guidelines and there were very few references there were basically no references to HLP rights and this is consistent with what Hugo was saying as well there are some references to land tenure but very few and so the problem of incorporating HLP into humanitarian policies extends to climate adaptation policies and disaster risk management policies generally and that includes this emerging set of policies about planned relocation now I should say that in Fiji which was one of the first to introduce relocation guidance they're very aware of this issue and they are now working on introducing land tenure analysis early on into the planned relocation process next slide in the policy paper I did write I set out a number of recommendations I won't go through them in detail because of the time but I just want to highlight two points one is that there are cultural when you get this situation of customary land there are cultural processes for human mobility that we have to build on that there are customary mechanisms for managing the movement of people that go way back and these include processes of gift exchange of intermarriage connections built over trade and trade networks over a long period of time and these need to be incorporated into the policy when you're dealing with customary land so the preference needs to be small scale movement of people movement of people within established cultural networks the second main issue I want to highlight is that the real problem in this space is peri-urban settlements they are growing rapidly as we saw and that these areas the tenure rights that is the HLP rights of those who live in these areas generally is not recorded and so when it comes to disaster risk reduction or disaster risk management we don't know who is living where and this also would be a familiar problem and it extends not just to rapid onset displacement but it's also a problem when we talk about adaptive migration and planned relocation next slide and then a number of policy recommendations for alienated land again I won't go through these in detail in the interest of time I just want to note the last point though is that what we do have in the policy instruments is an emerging set of references to geospatial data so these are data platforms to predict extreme weather to predict the impacts of disasters all those people who work in humanitarian area are familiar with these spatial products and a lot of work is being done in this area in terms of climate change but the missing link is tenure and HLP rights is that this technical concern with data is not linking up with the records of people who are living particularly in peri-urban settlements and I see this as a major future focus of policy work and the last slide so then just to broaden out the lens and my main point is that climate change is introducing a new set of HLP challenges we're all familiar with a focus on restitution as a response to displacement people should be allowed to go home and that creates a durable solution or the opportunity for a durable solution but when it comes to climate change in things like rising sea levels we can't go home as we saw from some of those slides and so we need to adopt a broader focus that draws on a protection toolkit depending on the type of movement and depending on the type of land to which people are moving and that requires that all types of emerging policy instruments relating to climate change and human mobility displacement relocation and migration include an HLP lens and third point is I've made I really think there needs to be a focus on informal settlements and the last point in terms of indigenous peoples and this relates particularly to planned relocation the need to link HLP standards with ILO 169 standards on treatment of indigenous peoples particularly free prior and informed concept for planned relocation so I'd be happy to talk about that more and then I'll just go to the last slide thanks just a couple of references there the Pacific Island forum secretariat paper will be coming out very shortly in terms of humanitarian activity and incorporating HLP rights into post disaster rapid onset disaster processes there's your your inhabit publication from 2010 that was the primary author of I still think that there's a lot in there that is useful and the last one is something on disaster risk management that I've been doing with the World Bank and I'd be happy to share any of those documents with anyone who's interested so thanks very much great thank you so much Daniel and we'll share the titles of those references in the chat just now as well so that people can look for them and find them and yeah maybe if you or any of the other speakers willing to share your contact details that might be helpful for people to get in touch really pleased now to hand over to Jamal Brown who's the Durable Solutions Officer with a real focus on housing land property for UNHCR and their division of resilience and solutions and Jamal has got a focal point on HLP for HCR so it's great to have him here he's going to offer some reflections on what we've heard so far Jamal over to you Yes good afternoon colleagues for those of you currently in a time zone after midday but of course thank you very much Jim for this opportunity congratulations on putting this session together but of course I'll also like to thank the other presenters Nina, Hugo Evelyn, Daniel for these really enlightening presentations if I must say it's always important for us to ground any conversation that we have in operational context and I think the knowledge, the information that has been shared today is absolutely critical and immensely relevant to the conversation so I am truly grateful that you are able to share your perspectives today. I think it's really difficult to name practical even for us to have a conversation on disastrous reduction or climate change adaptation without prioritising housing land and property rights in a very broad context and more specifically tenure security as Jim would have rightly indicated when we speak of HLP rights, we speak of the right to adequate housing protection of property, we speak of the peaceful enjoyment of possessions we speak of non-interference with one's dwellings etc but if we're to look at all of these considerations there is one thing that really comes to mind and that is the extent to which HLP rights used interchangeably here with the concept of tenure security in its broader sense and the right to a large extent on the pin the international standards of human rights law and I think that within itself is quite instructive very importantly as well in Jim's presentation he would have spoken to the fact that in an effort to address HLP rights it's really important for us to look at it from different angles operationally and otherwise it's important for us to look at humanitarian programming, it's important for us to look at disaster risk reduction but it's also important for us to look at durable solutions and each of these exist at different operational levels so of course we have the humanitarian programming side of things but then we have the development side of things which is typically captured by for example durable solutions complementary pathways and of course in this context disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation it would be remitt of any of us and I think based on the presentations that we've heard today there is an inextricable linkage really between HLP rights or tenure security however we may wish to coin it and vulnerability vulnerability to natural hazards vulnerability to climate change impact so I don't think there's a need for me to reiterate what those linkages are considering that our colleagues would have already spoken to those today but from an operational standpoint I think it's important for us to look at tenure from two standpoints and on one hand we have the concept of resilience and the role that tenure security plays in building resilience and then on the other hand we have the role that tenure security plays in self-reliance and of course that's largely from a livelihood perspective of course we know that tenure security is also important in the context of promoting dignity safety security peace etc but I would like us to really zoom in on the context on the concept of resilience here because a lot of our colleagues a lot of the presentations today would have in some way or another spoken to this concept and the importance of resilience in for example promoting freedom of movement in the context of displacement equality some of our colleagues would have also spoken here today about women's land rights which I think is a very important consideration that is often overlooked in many operational context of course we have political participation held food etc work and so on so it's really important for us to look at it from that standpoint when we speak of operationalising tenure security how do we really work towards solutions in the context of HRP rights and tenure security of course the reality on the ground as the presenters would have rightly pointed to is that when we speak of tenure security the reality is that there are many different types of tenure arrangements you have communal and tenure arrangements you have customary and tenure arrangements you have various forms of tendencies occupancies etc and then of course you have the statutory mechanisms that typify freehold tenure the reality in many of the operational context particularly in the development world and those regions that are exposed to hydro meteorological hazards etc the reality is that there are what would typically be deemed as unfavorable land tenure arrangements that pose significant challenges to durable solutions and disastrous reduction and complementary pathways and climate change adaptation so in that context it's really important for us to really be able to address the challenges associated with tenure security your colleagues are hearing me right yes we hear you Jamal yes okay very good my apologies so in closing one of the points that really stood out in the context of really being able to identify solutions because I think it's really important for us at this point in time because these conversations have been going on for a very long time but I think at this point in time it's really important for us to be absolutely laser focused on solutions laser focused on solutions identify the solutions to the challenges that we face where where tenure security is concerned where HLP writes in a very broad context and so on and I was very happy to hear that quite a number of the presentations today alluded to this that the fact that there are significant barriers to the improvement of tenure security or what you may say barriers to tenure mobility many of the colleagues spoke about challenges with regards to global normative frameworks guidelines some of which are legally binding others are perhaps not necessarily legally binding in fact in many instances HLP writes in tenure security are perhaps not elaborated in the way that we would like them to be elaborated or in a way that would really justify or support the operationalization of HLP solutions in country operations and I think that's a very important consideration of course colleagues would have also spoken to policy related challenges legislative challenges legal regulatory challenges institutional challenges and some of the the macro forces etc and dynamic pressures that come with those so it's really important for us to understand and frame very clearly what are the challenges that we face as it pertains to HLP rights and tenure security and to really be laser focused on addressing those issues around the concept of tenure mobility those barriers the improvement of tenure security so I'll just leave it there for now and I'll just hand back over the floor to Jim and of course I'm really looking forward to the next 10 minutes of conversation thank you very much Thanks Jamal that's great thank you yes so we're going to turn to some questions we had a couple of questions coming online so we'll go there first and then we'll ask around the room and again online if you want to submit questions in the chat or through the forum please do so I want to invite Richard who commented he's the UN Humanitarian Advisor in Papua New Guinea Richard would you like to take the floor and either ask your question or make your point Hi Good evening from Papua New Guinea actually my comments were premature to Daniel's presentation he very comprehensively covered the issues my comment was is I felt like that there's a darth of expertise in this area at least in Papua New Guinea and perhaps more broadly in the region in the Pacific region and I was just interested in understanding what who else is in this space and maybe what resources will be available to help us address that particularly in the context that Daniel very clearly defined in terms of slow onset events like sea level rise over Thank you Richard I think your comment in the chat and certainly Daniel's presentation it really makes clear these links between the slow onset and the thinking in that sort of development framing of these issues as well as that humanitarian response for an early onset quick onset so thank you for that and let's follow up afterwards as well and talk more on these issues there was a question right at the beginning from Louise are you still online Louise and if you are would you like to ask your question and if not I will pose it to the room and we can see so I think this was for you Nina but it was around funding mechanisms being available for humanitarian agencies to implement the different policies that you outlined and I don't know if you have any response to that or if that's maybe a good question that points to a need for some advocacy etc etc I don't have the answer to it but I can say a few things because there has been done some mapping and I can't remember the name of the German organisation but they published a couple of weeks back a mapping on how to access climate funding from a humanitarian perspective I'll find it out there and I can share share the summary of this so I'm in death there when we look at this there's many things at play but if you look on the bigger funding streams we see that year after year the humanitarian funding is getting lower and lower compared to the needs at the same time funding being pledged pledged on climate is going off and how do we then as humanitarian and also development organisations working on issues related to displacement and housing land and property how can we access also the kind of green climate funding in a meaningful way I think many of us some years ago thought okay the green climate fund that's the solution and I think those also tried and I know there are colleagues from UNHCR here it's very difficult to access and you spend a lot of time to try to even get it so I think for NGOs we're not even trying but I think it's more how do we then collaborate with those who are big enough and have a system to get access and most of this funding is going to governments and states or NGOs etc but the challenge we've seen with a lot of the funding from the green climate fund is that it doesn't necessarily reach the most vulnerable neither the most vulnerable countries or the most vulnerable in those countries because the way it's set up if you are a government that doesn't have much governance you wouldn't be able to access the money and then again those countries who get the money who do they actually reach so I think there's a lot of advocacy work that can be done to make those climate funds actually reaching the people most in need but also I think how do we as the Mediterranean displacement organisations better access outside the traditional funding streams because we're still competing with everything else there but how do we get these issues to be looked at then as we heard some of the issues around HLN and property when we talk about land rights it's not just about dealing with when a crisis hit but how can it be dealt with ahead but also I think as Daniel underlined very clear climate change also poses a new set of ways we need to work both on policy and practice on housing land and property and how do we get so funded I think we all need to work together and this is also where I think it's quite key that we use some of the convening and network places because I think it will be easier to get funding coming together and also if you're able to show to donors that this is not just bits and pieces but a part of a bigger investment in this area but I think that the mapping that was done and shared a few weeks back can help at least to get some of those those information then Thanks Nina So I'd like to invite any questions from in the room or online if anyone would like to online raise your hand in this room and just sort of indicate in another way if you had a question any questions for our panelists I got one So I would think that Nina you talked about the climate change thing we talked a little bit just before this thing started about I come from Vancouver so climate change the biggest effect is a middle of the province gets lit on fire every summer and a lot of it burns and now they won't insure it on these properties anymore and so I would argue that climate change became very very important and got a lot more money when it became more personal to other people right so you've got extremes of housing land and property you've got war, you've got climate displacement but now you can't open the newspaper read an article in any of the major cities in the world without people talking about the crisis of affordability and housing in regular cities and so it seems that there's a way to tie all of this together so that it's not just a third world problem or a poor people's problem or a climate problem it's everybody's problem right and that if you start to you've got this unique ability in a humanitarian way to talk about money right it's going to cost this much money to take a billion people from the seashores and move them in land well where are you going to move them in land when there's not enough space in land for people already anyway so maybe that's kind of the way you get to the top of the heat when you start to show effects on private insurance companies and on industries and just regular humans who already can't find a place to live that they can afford in a regular scenario anyway right so thank you for that so making that link with some of these impacts of climate change initially seen as a problem maybe for some people over there but increasingly affecting and thinking about sustainable development goals for people across the world rather than just specifically focused on on security groups this one part of it and I see that Jamal do you want to come in and respond to that point no I just thank you very much Jamal I just really wanted to echo the sentiments of the colleague there by making a similar and related intervention based on some research that I would have previously undertaken back in the Caribbean I know the Caribbean is quite far from Vancouver but I think the lesson here is quite quite relevant one of the things that I would have identified in that research and I think it was somewhat understood but it was really to test that hypothesis it's really the linkage between tenure insecurity and the impetus to the impetus that security of tenure gives to an individual to protect what is perceived as being securely theirs so what I would have done I would have looked at these different types of land tenure arrangements and done an analysis of the perception of tenure security that comes with each of these land tenure arrangements and it was quite obvious I mean I would have anticipated those results but just to give you an idea of what the results would have highlighted overwhelmingly those individuals who would have invested in the recovery and reconstruction on their properties post disaster without any support from government without the support of insurance companies were those individuals who had, I say freehold tenure arrangements in their land and property in other words their perception of their land tenure arrangement was one that was so willing to protect what they perceived to have been securely theirs as opposed to individuals who would have been engaged in let's say tenancy at sufferance which is a type of tenancy arrangement that was found on the ground there even rental arrangements and even certain types of lease hall arrangements their inclination and their willingness to really invest in and protect their housing land and property was not necessarily there there was more of an interest or a willingness to wait on an insurance company or to wait on government assistance or some form of benevolence to really fund and support their recovery and reconstruction so I think that's a very important point and I really appreciate you raising it thank you very much Jim, over Thanks, thanks Jamal and maybe there's that link between that security of tenure and the resilience you mentioned in your earlier remarks you had another question in the room if you would like to ask, please introduce yourself and go ahead Hi, Elise from Global Network of Society Organisations for Disaster Reduction which is a marathful but GNDR I wanted to pose a question to the colleague in Somalia you indicated about the guidelines and the toolkits that you had developed I just wondered if you could unpack that a bit more I thought it was a global guidance manual that was referenced but I wasn't sure and just how well has that worked and how has that changed work especially with communities at risk of the issues of this seminar Evelyn, would you like to respond to that one? Yes, thank you Jim The toolkits is still a draft the toolkits were informed by an assessment so like I mentioned we had an HLP and flood assessment in between Somalia that is flood prone and one of the gaps that was identified by the assessment was that HLP actors are not responding well to HLP issues during natural disasters because they don't have the resources and there was a specific recommendation to develop tools to address this so the toolkit provides is split into two so it's I'll give you an example of one of the tools one of the tools is on how to conduct an HLP assessment in a disaster so how do you identify HLP needs within the disaster then maybe then it's followed by how do you assess vulnerability within and then it has case study simulations that are drawn from practical cases so for example when we look at the second tool on vulnerability assessment it has a clear example from women who are left behind and men leave them behind during floods and there are different issues that those women face because they cannot move without a male relative but then also the linkage is between gender their vulnerability and then also the flood and HLP issues so when the second part is a training so it now comes up with modules that provide skills for HLP actors that are actually implementing HLP interventions in those flood prone locations or drought affected or drought prone locations on how they can actually be able to understand so a basic introduction to HLP basic concepts around HLP and natural disasters and then it's very it follows closely so from one module you can actually be able to build up onto and so that it's in draft and we're also going to have some examples from our recent modules also that are linked to the recent drought response including real case studies drawn from our responses so I hope that it's still in draft we hope that Jim will be able to circulate this widely but it's very generic but also so that it can be contextualised for different areas of Somalia so it's generic for the national response but it can be contextualised say what that belletwain will do is different from what jupalan that drought prone will do or that by door that is famine prone will do so that's just a quick overview on what it looks like we hope that when it's shared we can be able to get some more feedback Thanks Emily that's great and next we can talk after if you want to just make sure we share that thing. Now I'm aware of the time and there's one more question in the room I want to send to you and then we'll wrap up Thank you very much It's a very short question I'm an environmental and climate action advisor deployed to UNHCR America's regional bureau so I'm not only interested I'm coming from disaster risk reduction part and especially my attainate but I'm not only interested in climate change issues but also environmental issues so how much is this topic attended concerning environmental contamination industrial contamination agro industry which sometimes uses like air air how do you call it pesticides to to like displace people and to expand the land so how much is environmental environmental aspects which I think may be very important on mining contamination of ground water stuff like that how much is that is that on the radar or is it included in the topic? Thanks that question, Hugo would you like to respond to that? Hi Hugo Yes, great things so just to say that mining of course has displaced a number has caused displacement in northern Mozambique as I was saying and also these liquefied natural gas projects have considerably displaced communities of course these large companies that I won't mention here obviously they do mention that they've been properly following the law and consulting community based on the Duat that I've mentioned that protects community and asks for participation with the community on decision of their faith but in fact civil society has been raising alarms that these have not been properly done that is not actually consultation but it's just informing them moving them of course with no participation of women so maybe just wanted to add that it's on our radar yes because it's at the origin of a lot of the grievances that have fuelled conflict in the north of Mozambique. Over back to you Jim Thank you Hugo Just to say as I said at the beginning this event is part of a project we're working on trying to link policy, climate, displacement, HLP in partnership with the government of Lichtenstein and I think that's a key area we want to make sure we are aware of as we're moving forward so that's a really well noted point and thank you for raising it and we're going to close now I just want to hand over to you for any final comment and then we will sadly have to draw into a close Well I'll try to be very quick but I think when we go back to some of the presentations I think it was very clear that land and land rights and land tenure are key issues across all regions when we talk about the impacts of climate change and disasters and the disasters that can also of course include environmental disasters but not so against law and the law on that I think also in particular Daniel who referred to three terminologies that those of you have followed the climate change legislation that I've come across he talked about migration, land relocation and displacement and I think these kind of groups of people on the move we need to look at when we look from the disaster climate change because simplified in so many situations people will move migrants to avoid being displaced and how do we then deal with that without kind of jumping on trying to reduce the number of being displaced because displacement is also a survival mechanism so I think this is where we also need to rethink a lot we can learn a lot from what we've done in conflict work but on prevention and preparedness it's quite different in the complex situation and also I think we need to remember that when we work on climate change disasters issues also very often different parts of the governments that are both legally responsible and the responders so again we need to work with different parts of local and national government than what we used to in conflict but I still think there's so much we can learn from the long HRT work on conflict that relatively easily can be transferred into this situation so not stop that something is different but both being able to pick up what we can move over but also really acknowledge the difference and this is where I think like NRC we talk about displacement but displacement you can't deal with without talking about migration and find relocations so how do we work on this together with the wider community I'm very fascinated about the presentations today I think we all learned a lot but also see these huge pieces of work that have been done on all geographical levels so I'm really hoping that people who are both in the room on the call and who registered that you will be interested in being part of some kind of informal exchange as we move forward because I think that's the only way to move forward is that we work together and each of us can do a small piece that would be some meaningful step forward so using us and the project we have conditions now to make this knowledge and protection gap a little bit smaller but of course one project is not going to be so big issues I don't think I'll take more time because we are another time you want to close? I think that's exactly right and it's so great to actually bring different perspectives even though we try not to too often see these silos of working and it's trying to make clear that the links are there and how do we push forward on this so please do, there's links in the chat for those online around how to sign up for mailing lists and our email addresses if you're in the room I think you might have put your names down so we can keep in touch it'd be great to develop this informal community further around this issue and just want to say thanks so much to our presenters thank you Nina, thank you Hugo Evelyn, Daniel for getting up in the middle of the night really appreciated, thank you Jamile for joining us as well and for all those who've commented, listened hopefully there's some ideas and please let's keep in touch one final point just to mention in the chat there was a call from someone working with a special rapporteur on the rights to adequate housing around a consultation so if that's something that could be of interest please do contribute that's looking at the links between adequate housing and climate change as well otherwise thanks so much and yeah let's keep in touch but thanks so much for your attention thank you Jimmy you guys can circulate the text yes we'll be sharing the recording and the presentations good thank you you should do this job no no, oh hell no