 We have extensively explored the 3GPP LED standards as in LTE, E, LTEA, the UTRAN, EUTRAN, the Evoled Packet Core, Evoled Packet System. That was actually from the 3GPP community, overall under the umbrella of the ITU and GN architecture. Parallel to it exists another standard, the IEEE standard known as the YMAX, IEEE 802.16. Since YMAX is pretty much quite an old technology for fixed wireless, the mobile YMAX is a new concept that needs to be understood in clarity with respect to 3GPP, which is highly mobile and fixed wireless that is YMAX 1.0. So we are going to look at the initiative taken by IEEE as in YMAX. Then the efforts taken by the YMAX Forum, another consortium that has developed layers for YMAX to support mobility in full. And then the mobile YMAX 1.0 and 2.0. So YMAX basically was an initiative by IEEE. YMAX actually was marketed as Wi-Fi on steroids. That means it was meant to provide very high data rate. However, stationarity or non-mobility was the constraint. IEEE implemented it for fixed wireless coverage. So therefore over time the 3GPP evolution gained much attention of the ITU. We saw starting from the good old days of GSM to GPRS Edge eventually coming to LTEA, the IEEE got a little behind because their primary focus was electrical and electronic aspects. That's the physical layer and the data link layer. So this lag actually manifests itself even today. However, realizing the need of the market, IEEE came up with the concept of the YMAX Forum. And the YMAX Forum took lead in implementing the higher layers. So the YMAX Forum in which IEEE may or may not necessarily be a key player is meant to standardize all the protocol layers. Because after all mobility entails direct and indirect effect of the physical layer onto the application layer. So the YMAX Forum proposed back in 2005 release one, the mobile YMAX release one. It is still based on the same physical and data link layer 802.16e technologies. That is the radio part including both the physical and the MAC aspects are the same as fixed YMAX. The mobile YMAX actually is meant to provide freedom of the user mobility while trying to promise high data rates of the order of 100 megabits per second at speeds which are quite impressive starting from 10 km per hour to 120 km per hour. Since mobile YMAX is a relatively new concept or if you may new entrant into the mobile broadband market it actually has some features which are quite limiting. The first one is mobile YMAX has no proven experience of handling mobility. So it has naive or weak roaming experience to basically take lessons from. Then the concept of backward compatibility in mobile YMAX is also very weak. Because the predecessor of mobile YMAX is simple YMAX which is fixed broadband. So as such the backward compatibility is something that does not prove very useful in terms of the user base. Because the users who are fixed for the initial version of YMAX are quite happy with fixed installations. So a new market has to be made for the mobile users. And another important aspect that keeps mobile YMAX slightly disadvantaged is the focus of original equipment manufacturers, the vendors who actually sell the hardware to the mobile operators. Their focus has somehow been consistently on 3GPP technologies. So the overall experience of these mobile operators vendors has been quite successful with the 3GPP technologies. So mobile YMAX vendors have to actually identify markets which are niche markets. By niche market I mean that the overall users who are not based on 3GPP can only be engaged. If direct competition is to be served to the 3GPP technology then mobile YMAX has to provide more than what it can promise. Now let's look at a comparison between the mobile YMAX 2.0 and LTEA briefly. We'll talk about it in more detail in due course but for summary, there are some similarities between mobile YMAX 2.0 and LTEA that could prove useful to both these competitors. The first one is the radio access part as far as the modulation techniques are concerned and multiplexing methods are concerned like OFDM. It is pretty much the same in both of these. In fact mobile YMAX 2.0 is purely based on OFDM whereas for LTEA on the downlink it is OFDM. On the uplink it is single carrier frequency division multiple access. So it means that both these technologies have these underlying principles in common. The overall adoption by the ITU for the LTEA which is the latest that the 3GPP community is offering and mobile YMAX 2.0 is more or less the same. Both of these have IP cores so as long as they both agree on exchanging IP packets their hardware can become interoperable. And the overall frequency bands which are the licensed spectrum are almost the same for both these technologies. It means that be it ISM band the 900, 800, 900, 1800, 1900 bands are concerned LTEA and mobile YMAX 2.0 share the same. So this could actually result into some kind of mutual benefit to extend coverage in newer markets to have reciprocal clients in existing markets and so forth.