 So when you do heart transplant, when you remove a heart for a heart transplant, heart's still beating, but the brain is dead, like so. Okay, so brain death is the indicator of death in America at least. The second question, I'm just reminding you. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, visual stimulation, okay. Yeah, so, yeah, so there's a... Audiovisual, audiovisual, you know how to stimulate? Yeah, yeah, yeah. So there's a lot of data, a lot of data, that if you rear animals in a stimulate environment of all kinds, auditory, visual, other things, you know, toys and things like that, that their brains are very different than they don't have that kind of stimulation. And that's been known for a long time. There's actually a group at Berkeley that started that back in the 70s, and it's continued. So all kinds of things change in the brain. The thickness of the brain changes in areas. The size of neurons can change in areas. The trophic factors release. So there's a whole, thousands of papers written on this. So the answer is yes. If you're in a deprived environment with just monotonic stuff, you know, your brain will change in a way that could be problematic long term. So big literature on that. Yeah. In the beginning of your speech, you mentioned that, you know, new machine learning is kind of different than the brain in a way that... One thing you mentioned was speed. So the speed of communication or the speed of light versus the brain which is slower. What else do you think? That seems to be no problem because then computers will be just better, right? They're faster than human brain. But why do you think that there are problems in... Well, you know, I don't think it's a problem. I think it's different. I didn't say it's a problem. I said the brain is not a computer. That's not put down in computers, okay? I mean, there are clearly computers can build things that a brain can't do, which is great, right? You want to find, you know, you want to multiply 9,745 by 6,033. I mean, maybe you guys can do that, but, you know, my little iPhone can do that much better. So it's not a put down of computers. It's just that the brain is not a computer. A lot of people think it is. People say, well, the brain is not a computer. It does not. It does not look like a computer. That was my point. Thanks for the learning process. You showed us the curve that shows the curve. The learning process. And my question is that after your 20s, or like considering your 20-year-old, and you want to start a new career, let's say, for example, you want to start a physics, and someone 10 years younger, let's say a teenager, started doing physics, started his career in physics, and his brain was wired in this 10 years period. And what are chances for you to succeed in your career? When you're older. So it depends on what kind of career you're talking about. If you're talking about something like going to physics, I personally think that the data, people will say this. People will say that if you look at great physicists like Einstein and others, they made their major contributions when they were in their early 20s and so on. But there's also a lot of data of people getting into the field much later and doing very well as well. So I think that the evidence of saying, oh, you have to start it when you're 18 or 19 or 20, otherwise it's too late, that's incorrect. I think it kind of depends on what your proclivity is, how much time you want to put into it. What happens a lot of times when you're, let's say, 35, and you've got a family and you've got kids and you've got to worry about this, you've got to worry about that. That's a distraction to your thing. So it's comparing apples and oranges. When you're 18, your parents are supporting you or somebody's supporting you, you have nothing to worry about to put all your time in physics. When you're 35, you have much less time to put in. Let me just say one other point. This is a concern in the United States and what your question raised indirectly is this, that today the average age at which a person gets his or her first grant from NIH, that means you're now independent, investigating to get your first grant. Today it's 42 years old, 42 years old. Middle age to get your first grant. And 20 years ago it was 33. I got my first grant younger than that. So what happens is there's a real concern, you're now 42 years old and just got your first grant to run the lab. So they're trying to change things to get people to be able to do it earlier. But I think if I understood your question correctly, if you're 20 or you're 25, you're 30 to 35, if you've got the passion for it, there's lots of examples and all different kinds of questions. Because the only kind of endeavor where there is a big factor is sports. If you want to be a champion football player, you probably should start early than 35. I don't know if I answered your question. Do you want me to say something else? I was initially thinking about programming and I'm 20 years old and I know my peers want to change their majors. They're not sure about their majors. My question was specifically about the brain. Will our brains be able to wire? Absolutely. I think what happens is, it's one thing to say, these kinds of changes, but I wouldn't make a real-life decision for the base of these changes. Saying, okay, my wiring is set. Because the fact of the matter is, your wiring is changing in more subtle ways all the time. All the time. So your brain, every one of here has been changed as a result of this lecture. May I say for the better? So that's just the fact of life. So I wouldn't worry about that kind of stuff. I mean, yeah, people will say, oh, your synapses are all, number of synapses are all, but there's turnover in synapses. You have to get new synapses. The absolute number may not change anymore. But some are forming, others are losing, and so on. So my advice to you would be, and this is a real challenge for everybody, find what you have a passion for. When you wake up in the morning, you feel, wow, life is great. I'm going to go work on this project, or whatever it is, that makes you feel happy and content. That's what you should find. Everything else is nonsense. You shouldn't worry about it. Even things people say, well, there may not be any jobs in physics. That's nonsense, because you know what's going to happen in four or five years. Nobody knows. Plus, the fact of the matter is, especially if you feel there's physics, there are lots of people in physics that are making multi-million dollars on Wall Street in America. So think about that. Lots and lots. Actually, my question is somewhat resonating with our previous questions, and it is relating to the education too. So is there any kind of research that is showing evidence between the certain characteristics of the brain and the future career directions, like the selection of the specialty, physics teacher, carpenter, whatever it is? I remember reading one book from science fiction that it was about a system that was actually doing that, and there was one guy that was defining as he can do nothing. But then it appeared to be then he was a real jewel. He was a real thing, and he was not just talk. So this is the interesting thing. It's a very good question, and the answer to your question is no. We don't know, for example, no measure we have right now will say you should do this, you should do that, you should do this, and I think it would be dangerous to try to say, okay, your brain should be carpenter because you can't do something. And here's another thing, by the way. We don't know why, for example, how the brain of somebody that's a true genius going back to physics, Einstein, how is a different normal brain? You know, you read this book, Einstein's Brain, you know about Einstein's Brain? Anybody know about this Einstein's Brain? Nobody knows? You do? She knows everything. So here's an interesting little story, right? So Einstein acknowledged genius changed the way we view the universe, the way you view everything, and nobody argues with that. So somehow, after he died, his brain was removed, and it was kept for decades, informal, informal is the fixative of the brain, in a bucket, in a pathologist's laboratory, someplace in the Midwest, Kansas City or somewhere. I forgot, there's a book about it, I forgot exactly how I got this interesting story, and there's a woman in Berkeley who's a neuroscientist called Marion Diamond, and she found out about this. She was giving a lecture in the hospital in Kansas City and somebody said, you know, that guy over there, he's got Einstein's brain in a bucket. So she wanted to talk to him, and she got a piece of Einstein's brain, a little small piece for the guy cut for her, and she went to his lab, and she wanted to see, you know, what is it about his lab, about his brain? So she stained it with different stains, and published the paper, you can look it up, Marion Diamond, okay, and Einstein's brain, you go through it, you find this paper. And the paper claimed, she found this one area in the brain, that Einstein's brain had one difference from what she said was, quote unquote, normal brain, and that is that there's another cell type in the brain that I didn't tell you about. Besides neurons, there's a cell type called glia, G-L-I-A, and there are actually many more glial cells in the brain than neurons. Glial cells have a complicated relationship to neurons, but she said that Einstein's brain had more glial cells than a normal brain. Now, you know, she published this in a not very good journal, and nobody really took it seriously, and it was done on a subject of one, and so on, so there's no reason to think that you could, using any methods we have right now, look at the brain real genius and say, boy, that's really different than normal. So unfortunately, the answer to your question is something we don't have. What about types of memory, like visual memory, or verbal memory, or numerical memory? Yeah, well, you know, what people have studied are people who have these skills that they can remember up to 500 items or something, and they've studied their brains. One thing that has been shown, and this is, how many of you have been in London? Anybody been in London here? Anybody been taking a taxi in London? A few people. Taxis in London are the best in the world. Those guys, you know, the big bad luck taxis, they have to take a two-year training, two years training to become a taxi driver in London, and they know everything. And what they, what has been shown is in a journal, nature, this is a very good journal.