 Hello, and welcome to the new webinar series with the CDOs of the IT Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies. My name is Alessia Magliarditti from ITU, the International Telecommunication Union, the United Nations Specialized Agency for Information and Communication Technologies. It is my pleasure to open today the webinar with Mr. Naoki Tani, Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of entity.com on Japan. We count on your support to make this webinar an interesting experience. Please submit your question via the Q&A channel. We will address them to the speaker during the Q&A session. After the talk and the Q&A, please stay online. We have something special for you, the wisdom corner, live life lessons. So Mr. Tani agreed to a personal chat. He will share with us some lessons learned over the years that might perhaps be useful for some of you. I'm now very pleased to give the floor to Mr. Seizo Onoe, Director of the ITU Telecommunications Standardization Bureau for his welcome remarks. Onoe-san, the floor is yours. Thank you. Okay, thank you, colleagues and friends. I'm very happy to join you from Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt. I'm now here in Sharm el Sheikh to participate in the GSR Global Symposium for Regulators. So today it is my great pleasure to welcome you all to this exciting new series of ITU webinars with CTOs. Let me begin by thanking Naoki Tani-san CTO at NTT Dokomo for taking the lead as a very fast speaker in this new series. ITU highly appreciate your support. These talks from CTOs are presented by the ITU journal on future and evolving technologies. Our journal embodies ITU's commitment to the public interest. It is unique in publishing papers from world renowned researchers at no charge to authors and leaders. The inclusive character of our journal has received a warm welcome from both academia and industry. It succeeded in offering comprehensive coverage of communications and networking thanks to its flourishing supporting community. Our journal welcomes research on all topics all year around and I have no doubt that this new webinar series will inspire yet more contributions. This new series of talks from CTOs will highlight the growing synergy between academia and industry in developing and applying new technologies. Academia and industry stimulate one another's work as partners in research and development as well as in sandbox initiatives to prove the market viability of new solutions. These CTO talks are certain to uncover new opportunities to expand this collaboration. Our first three talks will share CTO's insight on industry ambitions for 5G, 6G and associated innovations to boost network intelligence. Today we will learn more about NTT documents research and development to advance 5G as well as the perspective for 6G to drive new improvement to our quality of life. We will hear from Deutsche Telecom on the 27th on June and GSMA on the 4th of July and we are also preparing to host talks from Ericsson and Nokia. I would like to encourage you to take advantage of the IT platform. In addition to regular issues our journal is currently welcoming contributions to five special issues on AI accessibility, AI for accessibility, the metaverse, intelligent technologies for future networking and distributed systems, satellite constellations and connectivity from space and next generation computer communications and networks. ITU academia membership is another key avenue for academics to engage in ITU's work. Academia and industry are reinforcing their growing collaboration by working together in ITU expert groups responsible for radio communication, standardization and development. Contributions from academia being greater strengths to the work of ITU and greater impact to research to the multi-mutual benefit of academia and industry. We also supplement our membership driven work with open frameworks such as ITU focus groups and initiatives like AI for good and digital currency global initiatives and the United for Smart Sustainable Cities initiative. These frameworks as well as our open workshops aim to give everyone the opportunity to influence our work. I welcome you to join us. Thank you. Thank you very much for your welcome remarks and now I'm very pleased to give the floor to Professor Iyana Kildiz the editor-in-chief of the ITU journal on future and evolving technologies and president and founder of Truva United States for these opening remarks. Iyana the floor is yours. Thank you. Thank you Alicia. Good morning, good afternoon. Good evening wherever you are. I'm currently in Istanbul Turkey for a conference and I'm very happy to start the I think the fourth season of this webinars. Our objective of the journal as well as the webinars was and is to close the gap between academia and the ITU world especially the industry and so the first several webinar series were based on the academic speakers top-notch researchers around the world and this season will contain the leaders of the companies in the telecommunications industry. We started this journal back in late 2020 actually 2021 during the COVID time and in such a short time we've published many issues it was shown to you before. We have regular issues as well as special issues and the special issues are organized by again leading researchers in this field and if you have any suggestions for future special issue topics please let us know or if you have any papers for regular issues as well as special issues please do not hesitate to contact or submit your papers or contact us for any opportunities and we have a very fast turnaround time and as we mentioned before it's open access journal it's also free no fees for publications no fees for access to the journal so I invite you to go through some papers in our website and you will definitely enjoy them and let us know your feedback again thank you and I also thank the speaker the CTO and of the entity docoma Dr. Naoki Tani for the presentation today regards from Mr. Moun. Thank you. Thank you so much Iyana for this nice introduction of the IT Journal and now very pleased to give the floor to Dr. Bilal Jamusi the Chief of ITU study groups and he will introduce the speaker and then we'll moderate the Q&A session. Bilal the floor is yours and thank you very much. Thank you very much Alessia good afternoon to everyone I'm very pleased to introduce our speaker Naoki Tani-san the executive vice president and chief technology officer of entity docoma Japan. Naoki Tani-san has been leading the R&D innovation division since June 2020 he is responsible for the entire R&D activities of entity docoma group including radio, mobile core, terminals and services and for the creation of a vision of future mobile systems and services he's a board member of the open radio access networks alliance and a board member of the next generation mobile networks alliance he started his career at entity and has continued his responsibility for network standardization development and deployment of 3G LTE networks and for the IoT M2M business also after moving to entity docoma. He graduated from Tokyo University with a master's of engineering in 1989 and from Duke University with a master's of business administration in 1997. Very honored and pleased to welcome Tani-san the floor is yours thank you. Okay thank you very much for the kind very very kind introduction. Hello everyone good morning everyone good evening I'm Naoki Tani from entity docoma so I'm sharing my slide okay so thank you for attending today's ITU journal webinar I'd like also I would also like to thank you for ITU colleagues for giving me this opportunity to present at today's webinar. As CTO at entity docoma I'm responsible for entire energy activity from 5G, 5G evolution, beyond 5G, 6G and so on. So today I will introduce our effort for 6G referring to the current status and development of 5G. So move on to the next slide. Okay so this is today's agenda after introduction in section two, three and four we'll introduce a global brand 5G version and also Provision in the 6G era. So first of all introduction this slide shows a very quick introduction of entity docoma as among the entity group entity docoma is responsible for integrated ICT business and currently assume for 42% of the total subsurface market as a mobile network operator as shown in the right side of this slide. Next slide the foreign side is overview of their entity docoma's midterm strategy with a brand slogan changing world with you as shown in the upper side of this slide changing world with you and this is the brand slogan. Entity docoma is responsible for three business enterprises. First one enterprise business, second one smart life business and third one consumer communication businesses while supporting the expansion of these three business domain R&D shown in the bottom side has a role in driving the future for the 6G era. Now under these circumstances what is the goal of R&D at the entity docoma group? We are pursuing R&D to realize a well-being society with the evolution of network technology and the creation of new lifestyles at two wheels. In this context today I will focus on the evolution of 5G and R&D for the coming 6G era. So for the second section 5G evolution. This slide shows our effort for the 5G evolution. With regard to 5G we are seeing a steady increase in the number of business that use this technology but we must also make efforts to increase value we provide to our customers and partners. In order to meet various diverse needs and create more value we're conducting R&D to make 5G capabilities of high speed low latency and high capacity more flexible and easier to use. For example we are introducing network slicing. For example we are introducing network slicing and advancing the sophistication of MAC multi-axis H computing capability which is shown in the right side of this slide. To meet diverse needs expanding and also expanding virtualization already in place in the core network to include the radio access network. Also building a mechanism to control the entire network end-to-end and developing technology to make it easier to utilize higher frequency including millimeter wave. Through these R&D efforts the capabilities of 5G will be further expanded which will lead to the realization of 6G. Today I'd like to introduce some of these technical topics. First NFB virtualization. Second O-RAN, OP-RAN. Third ETO end-to-end orchestrator. So first virtualization. Virtualization is some of you may be aware. Virtualization is a technology utilized to deliver systems with software on top of general purpose hardware. Originally telecommunication networks have required high speed, high capacity and communication-specific processing. So specialized specialized or dedicated or yeah purpose-filled hardware equipment has been utilized. With the advancement of technology it has become possible to utilize general purpose hardware starting in 2016 2016. Yes almost seven years ago. DOKOMO has progressively moved to virtualizing its core network with more than 80% already virtualized in the core network. This technology is also expected to be applied to radio access networks in the future and virtualization for its implementation is currently underway globally. In addition in radio networks O-RAN, OP-RAN which can combine devices and software from variety of vendors is being studied. In the past this radio access network had to be built with devices equipment from the same vendor and which has limited the provision of capabilities. Telecommunication networks are expected to evolve as the basis for all industry in the future. So an OP-RAN that can meet diverse needs is essential and in addition to creating standards that embody OP-RAN we are building an ecosystem with our partners to accelerate implementation. So the second topic OP-RAN, OP-RAN initiative at NGDOKOMO is shown in this slide. In 2018 five years ago NGDOKOMO found the O-RAN alliance as one of its founders and also as introduced already I am currently one of the board members of O-RAN alliance and DOKOMO has contributed to the standardization effort and two years later DOKOMO launched OP-RAN based 5G. As a further evolution of OP-RAN, DOKOMO launched the 5G OP-RAN ecosystem in 2021 to implement RAN virtualization and also set up labs for overseas mobile operators to verify virtualized RAN in 2022 last year. This year in order to promote the initiative we launched the O-RAN. O-RAN is shown in the bottom part of this slide and we are promoting the global expansion of OP-RAN. All O-RAN stands for OP-RAN ecosystem experience and DOKOMO named it because we want people to enjoy its value. We are currently in the process of developing a virtualized RAN in a lab aiming to be a commercial services around the end of this year. In O-RAN, O-RAN is the purpose of verifying four frameworks. This O-RAN initiative can be accessed through this QR code shown in this slide. The virtualized RAN consists of mainly four parts, general purpose servers, accelerators, virtualization platform, and also base stations of the year. We are in the process of verifying a combination of vendors that have strengths in their respective field. As I mentioned before, this virtualized RAN system will be commercialized. So the ability to achieve such a virtualized RAN also makes optimal control of mobile communication environment more intelligent by analyzing data collected from base station. It becomes possible to automatically optimize the operation of base station software, thereby improving customer experience and reducing operating cost. As the above shown virtualization technologies spread through the network, it becomes possible to control the entire network in a centralized manner. This is called end to E2EO, end to end orchestrator shown in this slide. And the standardization of data this technology is progressing. As is the development of this faction, this end to end orchestrator can offer two values. First, we will be able to provide our customers with network capabilities tailored to their use cases, such as those tailored to their various needs, for example, low latency capabilities, higher capacity capabilities, and so on, according to their demand. Second, second, network maintenance operations will be reduced. This is called, we call it net zero touch operation. That's all the future of 5G evolution. So from now on, let me explain the new value creation in the 6D era. 6D is, yes, 6D will develop as a basis for all industries in the future. In addition to STIS, the suburbs, and even on the end, as well in the air and sea, 6D will be the foundation for that create value and transformation. So now, let me focus on our effort to 6D, yes, here. So first, I'd like to talk about current global trends toward beyond 5G, 6D. Already many projects related to the beyond 5G, 6D have been launched domestically and internationally. And many white papers have been published. Dogomo participated in projects around the world shown in this slide. The beyond 5G, 6D concepts presented in these projects are not really in the same direction, but have a wide range of topics to discuss and must address a wide variety of use cases. Further, for further standardization, Dogomo will read discussion based on concept technology proposal to narrow down the requirement and contribute to building consensus among projects on the technology priorities. ITUR, yes, ITUR has already agreed on a standardization schedule for 6D in working part 5B. In addition, it expects that CRS discussion on standardization will begin in early 2024 at 3GPP. The technical specification developed by the 3GPP will be proposed to the ITU, and ITU recommendation will be completed as a standard specification for 6G. Therefore, Dogomo would like to propose the better technologies in the 3GPP standardization activities. Yes. Dogomo, NT Dogomo called it our initiative for the future 5G evolution and 6G powered by ION. You know ION? ION, IOWN stands for the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network, an extension information and communication infrastructure that the NTT group is promoting with its global partners. To achieve this goal, R&D is underway with our partners, and we will be quick to apply the results to the 5G error after confirming their effectiveness. Okay, so here's our Dogomo's challenge on the extreme for the 6G. 5G has been studied with, 5G has been studied with three main requirements, high capacity, low latency, low latency and massive connectivity. In preparation for 6G, we expect these requirements to evolve further, and also while at the same time significantly reducing power consumption, enabling communication everywhere, and increasing reliability. We are developing technology to meet deep requirements. NT Dogomo, we are now publishing a white paper covering the technical areas and issues as well as use cases to all 6G error. Since publishing the first edition three years ago, it has already evolved to the 5th edition. We refer to this QR code for accessing this white paper. Also, concept video of the 5G Evolution 6G can be accessed from the same web page QR code. So if you have time, please take a look at that video and iterate. Now, here I'm showing two use cases in the 6G error. The first is telemedicine. Although medical technology has been greatly evolved, it's not possible to receive cutting-edge medical care everywhere, and the growing gap in medical care between regions is a problem that can be solved through telemedicine. Currently, what is possible is still to support, for example, remote diagnosis, remote treatment, and also surgical support, but with evolution by mobile technology, such as high speed and very low latency delay, a world in which remote robotic surgery, telemedicine, can be realized will be approaching. Second use case is let me introduce the human augmentation pattern. The direction for the realization of webbing is to transcend any gap beyond any gap. The concept is to go beyond human being beyond time and beyond time. You can see this slide, for example, person face time, but by utilizing the 6G, we can go beyond between this gap, connect to the gap, exit the gap, that and also that will enable customers to achieve webbing, I believe. For example, this slide shows the human augmentation pattern called the concept of human augmentation pattern. You can share five senses via 6G, for example. It means sharing your body, scales, emotions, and so on via a network. The human augmentation pattern enables to realize communication through transmission and understanding beyond that. It senses a massive sensation, brainwave, and so on by various methods and accumulates them in the human augmentation pattern shown in the center of this slide. Then in this pattern, we make the tuning appropriate for real services and move robots, humans, operators, and so on, which is shown in the right side of this slide. This human augmentation pattern makes it possible to transmit and share information, such as body senses and emotions, to any location via a network. Since the data acquired by this platform can be stored, it is expected to be utilized to reproduce the actions of people in the past with people in the present and to pass on technologies in field that require skills. So, it is becoming possible to transmit and share the sense of touch as one of the human augmentation platforms. Locomon has already developed a prototype and conducted a demonstration under the name Pale Tech. Demonstration was also shown at the Mobile World Congress, Barcelona, in March of this year. This human augmentation platform will be contributing to human well-being, I believe. We will continue to advance this platform and conduct the demonstration experiment. With regard to demonstration experiment on emotions, sensations, muscle, brain waves, we will support simple human activities first, then complex human functions. We have newly started technical verification on sharing the movement of instrument and sports, and also human augmentation platform with simple functions can be provided over a 5G network, and we hope to commercialize it as soon as it's ready. For the 5G era, no, for the 6G era, ION, IOWN, various technologies will also be utilized effectively to combine more complex functions. So, from this slide, section 4 will show some example of 6G-related elemental technologies. This slide shows the wireless areas that are currently focusing on in preparation for the 6G standardization debate, which is expected to begin in 2024. At the top left is the new radio-network topology. For example, in terms of coverage improvement in multi-web, which has been in use since 5G is highly renewed and difficult to reach, it's an effort to establish practical technology to improve distributed web coverage. Then the top right, extreme coverage extension is shown. We believe that we will create different use cases by exploring new communication areas in the sky, sea, and space that were not supported by the existing terrestrial networks. Finally, and thirdly, the use of the subterra-held band. In order to meet the demand needs for faster speed in the 6G era, it's necessary to utilize a subterra-held band which can provide a wider frequency bandwidth. Another challenge is that it becomes difficult to receive radio waves. Therefore, we need to take advantage of coverage improvement technique technologies and work to increase coverage. So, okay, I'm showing, I'll skip, okay, I'm showing, okay. This one shows the extreme coverage, yes. NOKOMO is studying non-terrestrial networks, utilizing satellites and HABS to develop new communication area using satellite and HABS in the right place to explore new communication area in the sky and sea and space. And by linking with terrestrial networks to support seamless communications, we are aiming to extend the environment for people and goods and create new industries. Currently, regarding HABS, we are participating in a number of projects in Japan and also abroad, studying use cases, requirements, issues, and also conducting demonstration experiments. For utilising of subterra-held frequency bands, with major domestic, Japanese, and international partners vendors, our R&D department conducts joint demonstration experiments. We hope to use the insight gained through their effort to advance demonstration experiments with partners with various specialities, for 6G, ranging to practical applications. In addition, we plan to further expand the framework for collaboration with our partners in the future and to study advanced technical verification for the social implementation of 6G. Currently, NOKOMO is collaborating with these 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 partners and we have this verification has started last year jointly with these vendors. Yes, and we are working with these vendors by collaborating or deciding which part each vendor is involved in their experiment. It depends on the frequency. Finally, the history leading up to the practical use of 5G and the anticipated timeline for the practical use of 6G will be described in this slide. Comparing initial concept development, white paper preparation, and implementation of demonstration equipment, 6G is being considered globally on a schedule 2 to 3 years earlier than 5G. NOKOMO will also begin demonstration tests at the end of Yes, NOKOMO has also started demonstration tests at the end of next year, last year. In addition, the Osaka Kansai Expo, which will be held in 2025 in Japan, at this Expo, NOKOMO would like to introduce play 6G or play ION, IOWN technologies, use cases, and demonstrations. That's all for my presentations. As I mentioned, changing world with you is our company's grand slogan. As we move into the sixth era, changing with our partners and changing with our partners, let's work with changing partners, yes, changing with your partners and every industry, let's work together to break new ground. Okay, thank you very much for your attention. Thank you very much. That's all. Thank you very much, Tani-san, for a very clear and thorough presentation on 5G to 6G. Ladies and gentlemen, now it's time for some questions and answers. So we have the Q&A button on the Zoom. I invite you to type your questions and we'll invite Tani-san to answer them. So please, if you have any questions, feel free to type them. So perhaps as you're preparing some questions, I have a question for you, Tani-san. In terms of the 5G process and the requirements, how many of those 5G requirements are moving to 6G? Maybe not all of them were implemented in the previous release? Are some of them moving to 6G from 5G? Okay, thank you very much for your questions. As I mentioned, in the 5G, ITU standardization defines mainly three requirements and all three requirements, some of them are already deployed and some of them are being developed and will be deployed in the future. For the 6G, all requirements which are defined in 5G should include, cover everything for the 6G era. And in addition, as I mentioned, in addition, three requirements defined as a 5G requirement, 6G has to have more capabilities as shown in the previous slide because I believe the 6G will be a very fundamental platform for the every industry. So that's my thought. It's clear? Okay. Very clear. Thank you very much. I don't see any other questions on the Q&A, so I'd like to invite Alessia. Oh, I see one from Hisham. He says, why do we need 6G if we can add the required features to beyond 5G or 5G advanced? So the question is, if things can be done in beyond 5G or 5G advanced, is 6G needed? Maybe you can clarify this, Tani-san. Okay, thank you very much for your question. The question is, yes, yes, yes. Why do we need 6G if we can add the required features to beyond 5G or 5G advanced? So the naming itself is, we call it beyond 5G, 5G advanced, 6G. We can call the naming has various patterns, so far. The most important item is the technologies which can, which is shown that it is effective. That technology should be incorporated, incorporated, deployed as soon as possible in order to meet or provide more values. So, mobile network is developing, evolving in the future continuously. So, by evolving continuously, new services will be coming. For example, in 5G AR, maybe XR, VR, AR or something like Metabas or something new, use cases will be more easy to use if 5G capability is increased. Very good. Thank you very much, Tani-san. I think we are now at the end of this time allocated for the Q&A, and I would like now to hand it back to Alessia for the Wisdom Corner. Thank you very much. Thank you so much for moderating the session, and thank you, Mr. Tani, for your very clear and interesting presentation. So, we can now move to the Wisdom Corner, Life Life Lessons, which is based upon the idea to give a unique and special angle to this new webinar series, adding a personal touch. So, Mr. Tani will guide students and young scholars in the field of current ICT research, and will also share some of his impactful life lessons. So, Mr. Tani, I would start with my first question, which is your hard-earned life lessons that you would like to share with us today that might help somebody attending this webinar. Okay, thank you very much for your question. Hard-earned life lessons, right, which I would like to share. When a new challenge arrives for me, for you, for all of you, you see it as a good opportunity. For example, for me, I have a lot of experience. I have this this threshold of my biography, which will be, which was already introduced by, yeah, before current, before, before I was involved in the current job, I have been involved with IoT business department for 60, 60 years. It was a very challenging assignment for me. But I think it is a good opportunity for me to develop our career, develop our knowledge, develop my career, develop my knowledge, develop my capabilities. It's very important to identify new value that could come out of the new opportunities and create an, and create an empathetic story, empathetic story also involved my part, our partner, your partner, define where you stand and engage very positively, very positively. So, and one example, at the current job, I talked about the open-run initiative, O-run activities. Being involved in O-run international expansion has been very, very good learning experience and very, very challenging activities. But it can provide me more capabilities, more value, more perspective. So, I think Oigani ordinarily is taking new business opportunities while advancing standardization to promote O-run based on their idea that overseas expansion using open-run of which Dokomo has various know-how may lead to the new businesses. And we define the value, Dokomo, we define the value that overseas expansion of run brings to operate us, overseas operators. We, Dokomo, and we have created, Dokomo has created a development story for this purpose, proceed with the negotiations with our partners, which can be a very good learning experience. It's very important to remember that you always have a clear goal that you want to achieve. As a result, I believe we can very impressive lessons. Thank you so much. Thank you. I have another question. In which field and in which topics would you recommend students to study, perhaps highlighting emerging technologies or trends in the ICT that you believe they're particularly promising for future research? Yeah, good question. Yes. Actually, it depends on what areas you are interested in and how you plan your career. If you do not define the skills involved in the area you are interested in, you will not acquire them. Based on the structure and challenges of the area, you will need to consider what technology, what area, what industry, what area should be taken and the ICT technology necessary for that purpose. For example, in my case, I mentioned about open run, which, yeah, and by studying the technologies necessary for that purpose, I examine the evolution of general purpose hardware technologies, related to virtualization, integration technologies, wireless technologies and other necessary technologies, and then very much studied those technologies. Recently, I have been interested in cultivating new communication style, new communication style in the future, which will be realized in the world of Web3, Web3 world. I believe the communication style will be changing in the future when the Web3 era, just not only mobile technology is an evolution battle, so Web3 technology will be changing, will be changing our communication style. That's why I am studying the basic technologies, nature of what is Web3, blockchain-related technologies and related platform technologies. So always we have to set the main goal, stream. Yeah, that's a very important idea. Thank you. Thanks a lot. And I have another question that is probably a question you have already heard in other events. How will, in your opinion, chat GPT impact the future of research, but also everyone's life in general? What is your opinion? Okay, thank you very much. Maybe you can ask chat GPT on that question, but I think that people's creativity becomes more important, creativity. You know, the nature, essence of chat GPT is that collecting and organizing information that is already out there. And also that not need to be done by humans, right? But only humans can think of new creativity, creative values, and their stories that go into realizing those values is very important to have creativity. By utilizing chat GPT, we don't have to utilize the collecting or organizing the existing information. We are focusing only on the future creative activities, I believe. Thank you. Thank you so much. Very last question. We would like to know, how do you stay up to date with the latest advancements in research in the ICT field? Is there any specific resources or journals or conferences or maybe a book that you have read recently or communities that you recommend students or young researchers to engage with? Okay. Thank you very much. As I said earlier, it is very important to first be clearly aware of the areas you are interested in and then consider the appropriate news sources for these areas. Since I'm in a position to consider around the topics that we and also that will be useful to the business itself. Yeah, my responsibility is just not only future research but also the practical development. That's why I have to take a look at the various news news sources. In my case, I keep track of the latest news mainly through Nikkei news distribution. Nikkei means Japanese economical news sources in Japan. And also, internationally, we are looking at, for example, mobile world live distribution news is to get the mobile related to mobile terrain. So it's, first of all, you have to, I believe, define the areas you are interested in. And also, you would like to follow. Yeah. That's all. Thank you. All right. Thank you so much. Thank you so much for adding this personal touch to our webinar series. I thank you greatly. I thank my director, Ono Esan. I thank the moderator, Pilal Jamusi. And I thank the editor-in-chief, Professor Akildiz. And so we hope you all enjoyed this webinar. And oh, thank you. You're there, please. Okay, your camera on. And I would like to thank all the participants and remind you that our next webinar will be on the 27th of June, 5 p.m. Geneva time, with Dr. Choi, the chairman of Oran Alliance and vice president of Deutsche Telekom, Germany. And I give the floor to my director, Dr. Jamusi, if you would like to say, give some closing remarks up to you. Yes. Thank you very much. There was a final question, perhaps, on the chat related to Ono Esan. I don't know if you heard of Ono Esan. It's about the even number generations are more successful, 2G, 4G, 6G, more than odd numbers like 3G, 5G. What do you think about this law? And do you see the 5G deployment situation so far? How do you see it? Okay. Very difficult question in front of Ono Esan. Yeah. I believe still, as I mentioned before, 5G capability is still improving and we have to make more use cases by utilizing 5G. I believe that my job is to be successful for 5G. But you know, this law is my second law. I have three laws. And more precisely, I started to promote this law five years ago. At that time, many people in the government and others focusing on the 5G, so many people didn't like this law. But now most people are engaged in the involvement in the 6G, so probably many engineers, most people like this law are focusing on the 6G. That's the current situation. But you should not give up to make 5G a great success. I didn't say that failure, just an average success. Even numbers generation, or only even numbers generation becomes a great success, not a great success. So even numbers. So you should continue the effort to make 5G a great success. That's my comment. Thank you. Thank you very much, Onoe-san. Yes, I have to be in the law that 5G should be more successful. And also, at the same time, I'm responsible for researching the 6G era. That's why I have to be involved in the success of the post-generation. Thank you very much. Good start. Thank you. Thank you very much, everybody. Thank you. Thanks. Bye-bye. Thank you.