 تشرف بالاشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دادا دالا وياله من شراف عظيمي نعم إن شاء الله التعالى we're now going to speak about and talk about the second point which is التعريف بأشهر المصطلحات الجدرية we're going to be speaking about the most common terms which the scholars of علم الجدل use in arguments there are terms that they use when you're reading these books these are the terms that you need to observe okay we spoke about what جدل meant already we've already spoken about that so we don't need to define it so we'll start with the first one which is الحد the word حد means an English definition that's what it really means the word حد definition إن علم الجدل and even in a debate you really have to you really have to what do you call it be strong and solidified when it comes to the matter concerning or the concept pertaining to definition you can't allow in any way for more shape people to just come and introduce wordings as they wish so so basically there are four conditions for a definition to be right if you don't come with these four conditions then really you haven't really defined what you're saying to me the first one is أن يكون جامعاً منعاً so the first condition is أن يكون جامعاً منعاً that it has to be comprehensive and it also has to prevent other things from it it has to be جامع and it also has to be what it also has to be منع جامع منع okay what it means is جامع is that it's comprehensive your definition of this theme so what you're defining is called معرف معرف is what you're defining this thing that you're defining you properly define it with the comprehensive terms and also it has to be معرف معرف means it has to illuminate anything else that might fall under your definition so for example if I'm defining one of what sorry phone is if I say that it's an electricity and I leave it there and I say it's an electricity gadget have I really let out other things for example microwave is the same microwave is electricity كوكر is electricity my definition hasn't really got rid of other things as well does that make sense brothers so it's the definition to be right it has to be جامع and it also has to be معرف meaning other things are not allowed to enter into that definition of yours that's the first the second thing for your definition to be right is the word that you're defining or what you're defining can't be in the definition itself that's very important so you're defining something what you're defining can't be in the definition itself so if you're defining a mobile phone you can't somehow within the definition bring the word mobile in there does that make sense because these scholars call it ادور ادور means what we're going to go in circles all day it's a circular argument right in other words we're just going to keep going in circles all day so you can't define a word that same word in the definition okay that's incorrect when it comes to defining the second thing is sorry the third thing is when the condition of definition is that the definition or the thing that you're defining you have to define it's that it's essence and you're not allowed to define what comes out from it so when we're defining a phone we actually define it based on what it is as an essence the definition is not allowed to be the reward or the outcome of it okay so for example some people when they define واجب they'll say to you واجب is what you get rewarded if you do it and if you stay away from it you get punished that's not a definition of the word that's just the outcome of what will happen to you if you leave a واجب or if you come with a واجب the correct definition of it is is what a شريع I request from you to do or Allah request from you to do or the Prophet request from you to do in a forceful manner that's واجب now as for reward or punishment that's the results that's the after and you don't define it like that that's incorrect are you with me brothers أنا بمضفل سمعين رحمه الله he talks about that in his كتاب قواته العديلة the fourth is when you're defining or in your definition words that you're defining it with have to be more clearer than the thing that you're defining so for instance somebody asked you what is a حِزَبْرَ I asked you what is a حِزَبْرُ حِزَبْرُ what does that mean and you say to me oh حِزَبْرُ you don't know it's a غضانفر so now I don't know what حِزَبْرَ means and now you brought a word even more harder than the word that I wanted to know does that make sense so when you're defining it you can't define it with a more complicated terms in the definition the terms that you're using to define it have to be very simple words easy terms are you with me with those four conditions that is a definition that's right then are you with me brothers the definition is good now that's the first thing they deal with debates and this is also dealt with in what المنطق the second thing is another you hear this term is used a lot so I'm just getting مصطلحات we're learning terms that are coined by scholars of المجدل the word another what does it mean that when you see a lot another means you're thinking your observation of something is called another what you're thinking in your pondering here is to reach what المعريفة حقيقة the reason why you're doing this you're looking at this thing and pondering over it is so you can reach the bottom of the reality of what this thing is you want to get to the bottom of its reality or you even want to know the out the effects that come out from this thing or you even want to know the causes for it so all of that is basically what it means another when they say so those are the two meanings التأمل والتفكور observation and thinking about something that's what another means as أمام الباجر حمه الله mentions the third term that you see they're using الله is المجدل they use that word as we already previously spoke about علم is something that has three things present in it are you there? it's إدراك الشيء so you have to perceive something علامة هو as it is which is the third second and the third one is جازمان and that perception has to be with unwavering conviction so anything which you could say that these three are present is the knowledge of that thing first of all do you have a perception of that thing if you say I haven't perceived anything of it then that means it's ignorant and that's called the simple type of ignorance it's called simple type of ignorance it's called جهل البصيت somebody comes up to you and says do you know what a mobile phone is and you say I don't know what is it? you've never heard of it before there's no perception in your head regarding it you have no idea of what this thing is this is called جهل البصيت simple term simple ignorance which we're going to come to which is the fourth term but عل here is perception and the perception that you have and the reality in front of you are both in correlation they're in agreement they're in line with each other the perception here in your brain and the reality that's in front of you are the same now in علم الجدن pay attention this is the place where these people they really want to sway themselves into they want to open doubts between your perception and the reality of what's in front of you so a lot of the times the tactics that they would use against you is they will say to you this person that you see right in front of you how do you know he's there? just like you perceive when you're driving on a hot day the مراج the water is right in front of you you think there's water there so how do you know that this is not the same do you see my point? this is the things that a person has to understand your perception and the thing you perceive the reality in front of you are they both in line with each other does that make sense brothers so so my perception the reality and then what comes out of that is certainty I'm certain about this I'm not in doubt I'm 100% sure that what I'm looking at right now our students and I'm not just talking to no one and I'm certain about that then if you doubt they can't mess with because you've got a perception already they can't get rid of you saying I don't have a perception so they won't succeed in that or they will try to succeed in it though is if they can say to you that your perception is not a reality and once you say it's not you doubt the reality then you're open for doubt now that's where doubt comes in so you doubt something and you no longer have of this thing any knowledge of it whatsoever جهل comes into place now ignorance which is the fourth the fourth term that they would use again ignorance this word is used a lot جهل is of two types the first one I already explained it to you is بصط and it basically means the person doesn't have no perception at all if somebody asks you what's this you say I don't know what this is I have no knowledge of what you're holding in your hand right now I have no knowledge this is called what that's جهل بصط the reason why they call it simple ignorance is because perception can be installed in people's minds pay attention this is why it's very strong perception why is perception easy because a fitra is easy so that's why it's simple I can easily tell you really so it's simple to cure that kind of ignorance is very easy the second one is compounded there is a perception but the reality of that perception are two different things it's hard to tell the person what you're perceiving is not what's out there right now for instance he'll say to you this is a a watch okay so you say to him no it's not a watch it's a phone it's a mobile phone so he'll bring his arguments now that's when it becomes compounded ignorance and it's very hard to remove it because there's a perception and there is a thought of what he believes that to be the reality which is not intact with one another so the way they try to come to it is the reality okay when it comes to ignorance it really focuses highly on then there's a fifth term that I used a lot by it's one of the most common words it's the most common debate that I used is خطاب those are the words that creep into stuff like that خطاب means it's the words that I used by the one who's talking to the other person who he's talking to that's what it basically means so I'm using words in which I'm speaking with those terms that I'm using those words that I'm using they intend behind those words that I'm using is I'm trying to basically reach a goal with it in other words in English it's called addressing you're trying to address this person with something you're trying to make them that they used and when you see it in their books you need to keep an eye out for what's meant by that there's another term the sixth one they use is called لزوم لزوم basically means a relationship between two things that if one is found the other is found there's a relation so the لزوم means ترابط أمريني بحيث إذا وجد أحدهما وجد الآخر بحيث أن if one is found the other automatically by default is found I'll give you an example of that so the way that this one happens is in two ways the تلازوم is that if this is found this is found does that make sense so if A is found B is found so we said that the term that's used is called لزوم لزوم basically means the relationship between two things A is related to B but it happens in two ways okay the relationship sometimes is from A to B and sometimes it's A to B to B to A so it's from A to B and B to A as well so sometimes it can be both ways sometimes it can only be one way one way relationship that example for the both way relationship is if for example you say so and so is the father of so and so so what does that mean that's a two way relationship the relationship here is that the father he's the father of this son and the son is the son of this father so there's two way relationship here so if you come to me and you say to me I'm a son by default I know a father exists and if a father comes up to me and says I'm a father I by default know that a son exists and there's a two way relationship so we don't need to you just need to mention one and the other one's already there for both of us to acknowledge and to agree on that's A to B B to A that's a both way one so father to son son to father the second one on the other hand is basically and that is for example if somebody has knowledge then he lives but not everyone who's alive has got knowledge it's a one way the relationship between knowledge and life for example if someone so is a scholar you say to me he's a scholar a person of knowledge I know he lives he has to live but not everybody who lives is a scholar so there's no two way relationship on that issue that's needed in debates which is called a Luzum somebody can't debate with you something that has Luzum from two angles we can't have it as a discussion as though it is a Talazum which is من جهة واحدة from only one one way does that make sense another one that they use the seventh one is called a Talafi it's called a Talafi a Talafi basically means the opposite of what we just mentioned which is Talazum Talazum means that they are what there's a relationship there's a connection between the two Talafi on the other hand what it means is that basically they are on two opposite poles then they can never be together are you there brothers for example if one is there the other one can't be there it's impossible they are opposing each other so once you say and you state these characteristics in this attribute or you mention this I by default know that the opposite can't be there for example it opposes death so a person can't hear if he's hearing me he's alive are you with me brothers giving birth they are a child you just said they had a child by default it gets rid of it's not a male it's a female you didn't tell me that but the word we learned that child's birth gets rid of this is called a Tenefi debate is very strong in this tactic and in discussions things that oppose one another because these people what they try to do is two things that are impossible for it to come together will come together like nothing becomes something the 8th one is called الحق الحق is نقيد الباطل it's the opposite of falsehood and what it means is that it's the correct thing in a debate there has to be something which is حق there has to be something that is the truth every single body who is debating believes something is the حق the 8th believes that something is the حق so for him that's the concrete argument that he is trying to use are you with me and everything other than what he is saying he believes it's the falsehood are you with me but the question here are you with me is that it's the concept of we'll speak about that when we spoke about خطة and stuff like that don't worry the 9th term that is used is the word عقل عقل is tended to be used a lot and they use that word a lot and it has many meanings by the way it's not just one meaning sometimes they use the word عقل and they mean by it الحق الحمد لله يهديكم الله مسلحبا لكم they mean العقل which is called العقل الغريزيو the عقل الغريزي basically means the عقل that's in every single body no more sanity عقل which is the natural disposition one that is the one that everybody shares the smart one, the dimwit one the rich one, the poor one, the skull one the ignorant one this عقل everyone has sometimes they mean with the عقل sometimes they mean the عقل which is referred to as التجارب الخبرات a person who's got he has تجارب experience this person has gained a lot of experience travel the world so that's sometimes they will say استفد من عقل فلان benefit from the person's عقل here they mean من خبرتي they're not saying you don't have an عقل you do but you don't have خبرة that he has here sometimes the عقل means a person who has معرفة عواق بالأمور ومآلات الأفعال who's smart enough to see the outcome of things they're smart enough to know that this action the repercussions that come from it are they in favor of us or are they going to be against us it's the third one the third one it's عقل it's basically معرفة عواق بالأمور knowing the outcome the repercussions of things and actions so for example they will say to you فلان عقل يعني he's smart he basically knows what the ending of things and how things are going to happen the tenth thing that they use a lot is سعال سعال سعال is very commonly used that word it's from the very common used word according to them and what سعال basically means is two meanings for them it carries two meanings the first meaning that it carries is it's the speech that clarifies for you something that's hidden and sometimes سعال means for them it means you're opposing this person a position of this person is a سعال as well you might be asking them but you're asking here is a position and it's what we refer to as إستفام which is are you with me when Allah says in the Quran you see this is a question but this is a position and refuting and debunking the opponent and what they're saying okay the eleventh term that they use a lot is called الجواب they use that word to response an answer جواب here means to basically clarify a meaning of a question that was put to you so if you're not clarifying it you haven't given an answer so the person has the right to say I need an answer from you جدل you hear that a lot they'll use that question but you haven't given an answer the answer is clarification if you've not clarified the meaning which you were asked you haven't answered the question are you there and this is where the majority of the times you find in debates people don't do that they don't answer the question they've not answered the question you put to them so then again is the art of being able to make sure that the person's answering the question and you can only tell them to answer the question when you know what an answer is an answer is clarify the meaning of a question or the question I asked you the question I asked you so the question I asked you is what you need to clarify for me not a question of something else sometimes to happen a lot sometimes what they also call the answer دفع المعرضة somebody may open you won't ask the question but you can see a path that a person may tread on to get you out later or bring a question regarding it so you basically block off that door or you block off that narrow road from them so it's also called the answer استشاد is also the other word that they use it's called استشاد استشاد simply means witness requesting for a witness so if a person claims something you just say to him what's your شواهد what's a witness for this what can testify to this that you've just claimed so they call it وطالب الموافق المدعة this which you're claiming now and you're stating to go hand in hand with it this is called استشاد the 13th time that's used is when إلزام إلزام is used we mentioned previously now إلزام is something else what إلزام means is that when you're talking to the person you make them submit a speech that you put it down for them so you make them submit okay in other words sometimes you know when you're having a dialogue with people at discussion they already know from what you're going to say it's going to necessitate and it's going to narrow them down to accept that you with me so what happens to them is what's called إلزام if you say this and you say this this is what they accept that so it's called إلزام now you're making him submit to and accept as opponent from you something that you're putting forward to him the 48th thing is called مصعدرتي مصعدرتي means when the person basically he basically uses the claim itself as a evidence مصعدرتي means بعيني دعوة you're using something as a claim and you were told to bring a witness for it instead of bringing a witness you use the claim itself as a witness okay and that's incorrect the دعوة the claim stands by itself are you there it can't be a witness it requires a witness so sometimes in debates this happens when you say to the person this is مصعدرتي and a lot of the time this happens on something that Sa'ad you asked me before it basically comes from the person deducts he deducts are you there evidence and he makes the results that he brought one of the مقدمة at the introduction صح so the person will basically reduce for you for example when you're debating an atheist and you say God said he said first before God that's a نتجة that means we've already accepted God exists this is a نتجة this is مصعدر are you with me brothers the نتجة that you're using here نتجة to دليل you're making it as a مقدمة then basically after that you use it as an introduction then you're going to build your case against it so if the person says to you this is a نتجة to دليل which you're using it as what احدة مقدماته are you with me so you say it's نتجة لن تفق علي we didn't even agree on the نتجة Sa'ad uses the مقدمة as an introduction نعم ذكرية he's an atheist right there he doesn't believe in God so this is not evidence for him قلب the 15th it's up to really a lot of terms the terms are that they use and that they speak about and are the most they're not just random terms but they're actually the most common terms that they use it's actually 55 but we'll just stop at 15 إن شاء الله and the rest we'll take question and answers and the rest if we see them inside the book we'll explain it if we don't we will leave it for another time the second one is called القلب which is the last one the 15th one is called القلب قلب is when you turn the evidence as an evidence for yourself what you do is you the evidence he was using for himself turned out to be an evidence for you and this was something that he was very profound with he said nobody ever uses an evidence except I can use that evidence against them okay and this is something he took from the Qur'an itself الله did it سبحانه وتعالى when the when the when the when the منافقون said لا يخرج جنة الأعز منها الأهدل that the strong ones the unruble ones are going to take out the humiliated weak ones الله سبحانه وتعالى he turned the evidence against them and he made that against the منافقين rather than it being a delil for them and Allah says ولي رسوله ولي المؤمنين but the unruble ones are going to take the humiliated ones out you guys are the humiliated ones and the unruble ones that are going to be taken out is Allah and his messenger سبحانه وتعالى so that's the last one so insha'Allah وتعالى we're going to conclude there this is the last and final point and if insha'Allah وتعالى we can maybe do the rest remaining that would be good because I think this is very important we should write so what we'll do is insha'Allah وتعالى on Saturday before we start the book we'll finish off these times and then we'll go into the book insha'Allah وتعالى anything which I have said that was wrong but incorrect is from me insha'Allah Allah and his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستغفيروك وأتوب إلي anyone have any questions