 The investigation aimed to interpret genetic polymorphism in flax using IAPD PCR technique, and found that DNA markers are more efficient in detecting polymorphism in flax than protein markers for intraspecific differentiation. The study also revealed that fiber flax from northern continental Russia has genetic roots in flax from Colchidian, an essential genetic similarity between cultivars of fiber flax from Russia and other European countries is established. The distinctness of linseed and fiber flax in their genetic constitution is of strategic importance for preserving genetic diversity and efficient use of the flax gene pool in breeding. This article was authored by T. A. Rosmina, Y. B. Foo, A. Diderickson, and others.