 Today is Monday, the 8th of December and I'm going to talk about what happened over the last week and what we will expect in the second week. I'll start by giving a general overview of the dynamics and the processes involved in the two weeks of each year's conference parties. We start on a Monday and we go through to the end of the first week with the negotiators looking at the text that's available and negotiating text. And then in the second week, the ministers start arriving on Monday and then they take over at the higher political level to try and resolve anything that was not resolved at the negotiators level. Many people feel very disappointed at the end of the first week because of lack of progress. This is inherent and built into the system. The system is not geared to having progress in the first week for several reasons. The main one being the fact that negotiations take place in parallel tracks and the negotiators for one track only have authority to make some minor compromises but not major compromises and they cannot make compromises across tracks. They cannot trade off, we will give you something here if you give us something somewhere else because they're not in charge of what's happening in the other track. Only the minister can do that when he or she arrives. So once the ministers come, all the tracks come together and the horse trading starts. So one country says alright, I'll give you something what you want on track A but you have to give me what I want on track B. That's how deals are done and everything is a deal and a compromise and everybody giving something and getting something in return. And so that happens when the ministers arrive. The negotiators can only do a few things. Having said that, the negotiators have actually done a fair amount. They've wrapped up the number of items including gender. There was an important gender item here and there was quite a lot of fight about whether or not gender equality should be included with the Saudis in particular objecting to the worst gender equality. In the end it did get mentioned once, not several times as it was in the original test. So that's a good win. There are several others that have also been resolved on adaptation and loss and damage. I won't go into the details now. But to mention how the dynamic shifts from week one to week two from when the negotiators are negotiating detailed texts to when the leaders and the ministers arrive and they start doing political deals. And that's where we are now. The Minister for Environment of Peru, who is the president of this group in Lima, Manuel Pulgar Vidal, invited a few very select senior informal friends to dinner last night to consult with them. One of them was the former president of Mexico, Felipe Calderón, who shared his experience of how he successfully managed the Cancun agreement in POP16 in Mexico. A very important agreement at a very difficult time. It was immediately after the fiasco of Copenhagen, politically sensitive, so we learned lessons from him. And I'm very sure that the Peruvian presidency has things in hand and will get us a deal by the end of next week. I'll talk about that in my following gloss over the next weeks.