 Welcome to the class once again. I hope that by now you are all very comfortable with the language, with the script. Though I understand, though I do know that it is a little difficult with Kanji, with Katakana and with Hiragana, initially it is a little difficult but once you get used to the script, once you get used to watching, used to seeing the Kanji characters, it is easy, you can memorize them and I hope you are more comfortable now speaking Japanese. So well, as we always do something new in our lessons, well today also we will do something new, how to show preference for a certain thing or how to show that a certain thing is better than or greater than something else, basically comparisons. We will do that also some new Kanji characters, new kotowaza, proverbs which are very essential for any language and lot of vocabulary. So before doing all this, we will as we always do, we will go over our assignments and let us see what the first assignment is. Well, the first assignment is very simple, you have done this nai de kudasai, please do not do a certain thing, how would you say that. So, the first picture is Tanaka san asking someone, well please do not ask, kika nai de kudasai. Why? There could be n number of reasons for not asking, you could think of those and list them. There is second picture where someone is eating something, so well, taberu, tabe nai de kudasai. Please do not eat, maybe the food is not good, mazui or it is very old or not tasty, you can list those things up and ask your partner and answer. The third picture is someone feeling very very low, very sad because of a broken heart, well he is crying. Please do not cry. And then you have this picture in the end where Tanaka san is looking at beer, he is looking at tabako which is cigarettes and then he is also looking at fish which is non-vegetarian, so well he is not supposed to eat this. So what does he say, well Suu is to smoke Suu nai de kudasai, so well try saying te kudasai please do and nai de kudasai please do not do with your partner. The next assignment is a lot of pictures here in group 1 and then again a lot of pictures here in this set over here. So you are supposed to match these are opposites, let me see if you have done it properly. Your words are takai and yasui, it is very cheap, then nagei as in long and hikui as in short. For a person's height it is seiga s e i and ji e, seiga takai desu or seiga hikui desu is short. Then we have this picture over here of Ocha, why Ocha because this is not a cup, this is a Japanese cup, so Ocha and you have some shake over here, atsui and sumetai or you could also say atatakai, atatakai as in touch and sumetai as in touch. Then you have for this person is eating and making a face and well we have this person very happy and licking his lips so oishi kunai, oishi or you could also say mazui, not tasty and oishi and the next one is this place is very small, this is semai and the opposite is hiroi, very very spacious. Then you have someone watching TV, not very happy with the program or the news. So, sumaranai, T-S-U-M-A-R-A-N-I, sumaranai, it is with a T sound, a half T, sumaranai and then he is laughing, watching a serial, laughing, serial is a bangumi, very very happy or omo shiroi, the bangumi is omo shiroi, bangumi wa omo shiroi desu. Then we have in the end someone feeling very cold with a cap and a coat and someone very very hot over here, so well samui and atsui as in weather. Now, these are the adjectives given takai, yasui, nagai, hikui, atatakai, atsui, sumetai, mazui, oishi, semai, hiroi, sumaranai, omo shiroi, samui and atsui. So, these are the words, you can check them out, well as we always do again we have A and B columns match A with B, these are the kanji characters and in hiragana this time instead of roman. So, let me see if you are practicing your hiragana as well, denki, daigaku, gaikokuji, namae, isshukan and this is a long sound isshukan, chichi. The same character also goes for otou san, kuru means to come when you are at a certain place and you talk about that place or coming to that place then it is kimasu. For example, you are here in class thus watashi wa mainichi krasu e kimasu because you are here. If you are outside then it is ikimasu, watashi wa mainichi krasu e ikimasu. Kokugo, ningen, ningen is people, hitome at a glance, so I hope you are doing your hiragana and were able to do this. Well, the next one was a listening comprehension and there are lot of new things in this. I will just go through the listening comprehension for you, this is the exercise. The listening comprehension is listed later. Well, ano Rao san, nodo ga kawakimashita, nanika nomitai desu, nodo is throat, kawakimashita is dry, my throat is dry, kawaku means to dry up, you can use it for clothes as well. Fuku ga kawakimashita, kocha wo nomimashouka, shall we have kocha, watashi wa tsukurikata ga wakarimasen, doyatte kocha wo tsukurimasu ka, oshiete kudasai. Kanta is way of making, we will do this a little later. Kantan desu yo, mazu, first of all nabe ni mizu wo irete kudasai, juppun gurai approximately for 10 minutes, juppun gurai mizu wo wakashite kudasai is to boil. Then juppunato after 10 minutes nabe ni, nabe is a pan, nabe ni kocha no happa mo irete kudasai, happa is leaves, kocha is tea, kudasai, sore kara and after that kopu ni in the cup sato to milk wo irete kudasai or kopu ni sato to milk wo irete. You have done this day form, irete after putting sato and sato is sugar and milk in the cup, tsukutta kocha wo kopu ni irete kudasai, saigo ni in the end, spoon de kocha wo mazete kudasai, please mix. Soredewa, finally in the end, now kocha ga dekiyagari mashita. So any of these can be used now, then, well in the end kocha ga dekiyagari mashita. It is made, dozo, meshiagatte kudasai please have. Ah, ii kimochi desu, kocha wa oishi desu ne, ii kimochi is, it is a good feeling, I feel very nice, it is very very tasty. So well, this was your listening comprehension. The comprehension is given over here for you to go over it. There are a lot of new words, doyatte, tsukurikata, mazu, sore kara, soredewa and kimochi. Doyatte is how, meaning what is the method in what manner, what way. For example, you can also use doyatte for krasu kara, uchi made, doyatte ikimasu kara, how do you go from the class to your house or koko kara, gate made, koko kara, uchi made, koko kara, depart made, doyatte ikimasu ka, what is the method, how do you go. For example, from here you go straight, then you turn left, you take a taxi or you take a bus, you are on the bus for 10 minutes, then you reach your destination. So, this is how doyatte is to be used. What is the method you take or how do you go, how do you do a certain activity. Then this can also be said as ko-cha no tsukurikata ga wakara nai tsukurikata. Tsukurimasu is to tsukurimasu is to make and remove the mass from here and put kata, method of tsukurikata, the method of making. You can also use this kata for other verbs like yomi masu nomi masu hanashi masu. Remove the mass and put kata over here, way of reading, way of drinking or method or way of talking. So, kata can be used like this freely, it is a nice word and easy to remember. So, well ko-cha no tsukurikata ga wakara nai, I do not know how to make ko-cha. So, what do we say, we say, kantan desu yo, it is very very easy, masu, masu is masu. First and foremost, when you are trying to tell something, when you are talking about something, first primarily, first of all, then the word masu is used. The first thing that you do is, well this is how you have to go ahead. So, masu kore wo shite kudasai, masu koyu fu ni shite kudasai, so that time masu is to be used. Kantan desu yo, masu, first of all, nabe ni mizu wo irete kudasai, juppun gurae. Now you have done goro and gurae, we have done it once, once again for you very quickly. Goro is approximate time, juu ichi-ji, goro, juu ichi-ji, goro. Watashi wa tomodachi ni aimasu, around 11 o'clock, 5 minutes plus, 5 minutes minus goro. But gurae is juppun gurae for about 10 minutes, approximately for 10 minutes. This generally gurae shows frequency, shows amount, so it is a little different from goro. Goro is only used for time. Then we have juppun ato, nabe ni kocha no happa mo irete kudasai, sore kara and after that and then kopu ni, kopu is that is the pronunciation please, that is the hatsuon, kopu ni sato to milk wo irete kudasai. You have done to, which means and skutta kocha wo irete kudasai, saigo ni in the end. Saigo means lastly, finally saigo ni spoon de mazete kudasai, sore de wa well or now kocha ga deki agari mashita, finally kocha ga deki agari mashita. It is already made, those wo non de kudasai, kimochi is feeling over here. So, I hope it is very clear, we will practice now as you can see, sore kara is a conjunction and used in the beginning to connect to the previous sentence, it means and after that and then in addition to in English. For example, tomodachi ni aimasu, kaimono o shimasu, sore kara ega wo mimasu. So I will meet my friend, do some shopping and finally after that watch a movie or a film. So, that is what sore kara is, this is how it is to be used. Kata of course, I explained just now, when added to the stem of the verb, it indicates manner or method of doing an activity or performing an activity. For example, yomi kata, kanji no yomi kata o, kanji no yomi kata o oshi e te kudasai. Please tell me how this kanji is to be read or kanji no kaki kata o oshi e te kudasai. So you can sort of use kata in this. Well, we have done hoshi in our previous lesson and we also did suki with it. If you remember, hoshi means I want something and suki as you remember, we did I like something. So well these are two different things, today we will do suki, suki means I like, I like ice cream. So you can tell what you like. We did it very quickly in our previous lesson, well we will do it in detail now. There is a small kaiva for you, just listen to it, it is very simple. Rao san, ice tea o nomimasu ka, kocha o nomimasu ka? Watashi wa mainichi uchi de kocha o nomu kara, ice tea no hou ga ii desu, Tanaka san wa? Watashi wa kocha ga suki desu kara, kocha o nomimasu, shokudo de. Rao san, ice tea o nomimasu ka, kocha o nomimasu ka? Watashi wa mainichi uchi de kocha o nomu kara, ice tea no hou ga ii desu, Tanaka san wa? And you just leave it incomplete with the rising intonation. Tanaka san wa watashi wa kocha ga suki desu kara, kocha o nomimasu. So well, there is a new word over here no hou ga and also we will practice something else which is for comparison. So let us see, this is in the script over here, ice tea is there, katakana, rao san, there is hiragana and of course there is kanji for you. There is this explanation of the kaiva, sometimes it is not a proper direct word to word translation but what you would say in English. So well read it in that manner and of course I will explain. Now suki as I told you can be roughly translated to like as is given over here, but one thing that is important with suki is that it will always come with particle ga. There are lot of explanations for this, there is lot of grammar of course involved as is there in any language but the simple explanation for you for the time being is that you are stating something you know, something very very emphatically you are putting stress on it, you are stating a fact thus suki will always take particle ga, please remember that. There are other words also with suki, suki means like and kirai means dislike. You have also done hoshi which takes ga, you have also done ga with arimasu and so many others we have done ga in a lot of ways over here today we will do this one. So well noun 1 wa noun 2 ga suki desu, e san wa something ga suki desu, please remember that. Then over here Tanaka san wa keiki ga suki desu, Tanaka san likes cakes and watashi wa ice cream ga suki desu, I like ice cream. You can practice this over here with your partner that is e san and b san, e san says Rao san wa ongaku ga suki desu ka? This is a question with ka, hai ongaku ga suki desu that is a positive answer with desu or you could also say e ongaku ga suki de wa arimasen as you have already done earlier. Kore wa hon desu, kore wa hon de wa arimasen or you could also use e e ongaku ga kirai desu direct answer. You can replace ongaku with ryoko, ongaku of course is there, ega, nihon ryori, ega is pictures, nihon ryori is Japanese cuisine and ryoko is a vacation, traveling is ryoko. So Rao san wa nihon ryori ga suki desu ka? Hai watashi wa nihon ryori ga suki desu or iie watashi wa nihon ryori ga kirai desu. So you can practice like this ask and then answer. See this practice is very important because you get used to the words. You can think fast and you can say whatever you want easily without all the time translating what is there in your mind. So please these small conversations are extremely important for you to practice with your partner. Then we have another word over here which is a question word donna, donna means as I told you earlier what type of so well Rao san wa donna sports ga suki desu ka? You can of course for sports it is a group so you can use donna kudamono ga suki desu ka, donna yasai ga suki desu ka, donna ega ga suki desu ka. Any of these things you can replace for you can put instead of sports. Sports is a group so watashi wa yakiu ga suki desu. Yakiu is baseball which is a very popular sport in Japan and they really enjoy yakiu like we enjoy cricket here in India. So watashi wa yakiu ga suki desu or suki de wa arimasen or as we did another word in our previous slide kirai desu you can use any of these. So instead of yakiu you can say pimpon which is table tennis, cricket which is cricket as we all know, futbol futobouru and then ragubi which is rugby or American football. So you can practice these with your partner use donna and try to ask these questions and answer. Now what we are going to do now is what actually we are supposed to do today. This is yori yori now what does it say over here in your slide yori as you can see is a particle which shows comparison between two things, two objects or two people and it also shows preference. For example, when we do the exercise you will see yourself over here it is given noun one wa noun two yori whatever the adjective. So well, e wa bi yori oki desu, kono e ga wa sono e ga yori omo shiroi desu so you can put any adjective over here. Ringo wa mikan yori oishi desu, oishi desu, ringou wa you can see, mikan yori oishi desu. A san wa b san yori tsuyoi desu, tora wa ushi yori tsuyoi desu so e wa bi yori adjective as is given over here noun one wa noun two yori whatever the adjective. In the example over here it is given deri wa kanpur yori oki desu, deli is bigger than kanpur more or more than or greater than. So basically you are comparing, deli is larger than kanpur or bigger than kanpur. Nihongo wa fransugo yori muzukashi desu, Japanese is more difficult than French and hiragana wa kanji yori kantan desu. So you can use it like this, ko-cha wa kohi yori oishi desu or the other way round ko-hi wa ko-cha yori oishi desu, whichever you prefer, mirku wa ko-cha yori oishi desu. Milk is better than or more tastier than ko-cha. So well, you can practice now. We did sports a little while ago. So well, Rao san wa yakiu yori pinponga, suki desu ka a question over here. You can also remove this ka from here and just make it a statement. Rao san wa yakiu yori pinponga suki desu, a statement. Put a ka over there, ask a question and get a reply, get an answer and you can have a small dialogue. Hai pinponga suki desu or ee pinponga suki de wa ari masen. Another manner, you can replace these two with words given over here, kuriketto futobouru, tenisu, ragubi and badomin tonu. So that is how you can practice, say it like that, it is easier. Then you have done this form, e desu ka, b desu ka. So over here, you have Rao san wa miruku ga suki desu ka, kocha ga suki desu ka, which of the two, watashi wa miruku yori kocha ga suki desu. I prefer kocha over milk, watashi wa miruku yori kocha ga suki desu meaning you like kocha. I like kocha over milk or kocha greater than more than milk. So that is how you can practice, you can do this pattern which you have done earlier in one of your earlier lessons and you can have a small dialogue. There is a picture kocha, ocha which is green tea, let us see what it is. Kocha yori ocha ga suki desu a statement, Tanaka san, kocha yori ocha ga suki desu ka? Hai, sou desu, kocha yori ocha ga suki desu. Demo Rao san wa ocha yori kocha ga suki desu. So well, you can practice like this. Then we have ice cream and cake, so let us see what it is. Ice cream yori keiki ga suki desu, iie watashi wa ice cream ga suki desu, watashi wa keiki yori ice cream ga suki desu, so whichever you want you can use. And then we have juice and coffee over here, well Tanaka san wa juice yori ko hi ga suki desu, kodomo wa ko hi yori juice ga suki desu, otona adult wa juice yori ko hi ga suki desu. So this is how you can practice your yori, there is more practice for yori as it is a new word. There is a picture, you see Tanaka san eating ice cream and Rao san taking his dog for a walk or the other way round. Rao san, ice cream ga suki desu ne, so Tanaka san over here he is taking his dog for a walk and this is Rao san as the name Rao comes over here. So well, Rao san, you like ice cream, simple, hi daisuki desu, daisuki is very very much, I like it very very much, dai then we have another picture for you which is shinkansen and hikouki. So well, shinkansen yori hikouki ga hayai desu, it is a statement, a fact, so desu ne. You agree with what the person is saying by using ne over here, a statement and you confirm it. Then, another picture with Tanaka san or kodomo talking on the phone, what is it? Kodomo wa benkyou suru yori, tomodachi to hanashi ga suki desu, kodomo, till now we have done nouns. Over here you will see there is a verb, benkyou suru, so before yori if verb is to be used, it is going to be used in plain form. Kodomo wa benkyou suru yori tomodachi to hanashi ga suki desu. Children like talking to friends more than studying, that is for it. So well, that is how it is. Now we have a new word for you, new comparison. Again the same picture and well, shinkansen yori hikouki ga hayai desu, so desu ne. That is a fact. Now you can say the same thing in another way and what is that? Well, one is yori, shinkansen wa A wa B yori hayai desu, shinkansen yori hikouki ga hayai desu. That is right. So you can say, instead of this, instead of yori, you can just simply say, B wa hayai desu or whichever way it is being phrased, A wa hayai desu simple, A is faster or B is faster or you can also say, A no hou ga hayai desu. Now there is not much that can be said about no hou ga, there is not too much of explanation as such for no hou ga but you could simply say, A is faster than B or A is simply just say, A is faster, no hou ga. You can see over here in the practice, once you use it, then you will feel more comfortable. There is this picture again over here, shinkansen and hikouki. So well, the first one says, shinkansen yori hikouki ga hayai desu or hikouki ga hayai desu. Now what do we have in the second picture, hikouki no hou ga shinkansen yori hayai desu or hikouki no hou ga you can even cut out the shinkansen and yori and say, Hayai desu a statement. You know, you show your preference, you show that this is above this by using no hou ga. Mochiron sou desu ne, mochiron of course is of course, as we all know as it is known, mochiri of course, very, very emphatically. That is so obvious, A no hou ga hayai desu or B no hou ga hayai desu a simple statement. If you just look at these two shock pieces over here in my hand, well, this is long and this is a little short or small. So well, A wa B yori nagei desu or simple answer, A wa nagei desu or I could also say, when I compare these two, I say, A no hou ga nagei desu simple, I just simply state this, A is bigger than or longer than B or I could also say, A wa B yori nagei desu it is long. That is how no hou ga, no hou ga and yori both are used. Now what do we have next? Let us see, over here no hou ga is given, deri no hou ga kanpur yori oki desu, nihongo no hou ga franzu go yori musukashi desu, kanji no hou ga hiragana yori musukashi desu. So that is how no hou ga is used, basically is. Now we do expressions all the time, we did this last time as well. Let us see what we have now for you. Ara oji san tauremashita, tasukete agenai to. This person over here is thinking, if I do not help him, then he is going to be in trouble. Tasukete agenai, agemasu is to give. So, tasukete if I do not help him, then he is going to be in trouble. So he goes up to oji san and that is a shinsetsu person who is shinsetsu, shinsetsu na hito desu. Tanaka san wa shinsetsu na hito desu, he is very very shinsetsu, very kind. So he goes up over here, oji san daijou budesu ka, are you all right, daijou budesu ka, all this we have done. Now what happens, kiyo tsukete kudasai, please take care, kiyo tsukete kudasai. So this is a phrase meaning please take care, it is pronounced and said as kiyo tsukete kudasai, simply kiyo tsukete kudasai, very very fast, but it is written as kiyo tsukete kudasai. Please remember, it is said very fast, kiyo tsukete kudasai, it sounds like kiyo which is today, but it is not so, it means kiyo tsukete kudasai, please take care of yourself. And instead of saying arigatou gozaimasu, the whole thing, domo arigatou gozaimasu, you can also say just domo, because this gentleman is younger to you and he is much older. So, he can also say just domo and also domo is used by males more than by ladies. Then one more expression for you, well you can see Tanaka san, he is not well, byou kidesu or Rao san as is the name given over here, Rao san wa byou kidesu and Tanaka san comes to meet him. So, he has come to meet a sick person, Rao san is byou ki, what is he going to say? He meets him, he sort of expresses his concern and then he is leaving, his time is over in the viewing. The meeting hours are over and then before leaving, what does he say? Rao san o daijini, o daijini is a typical phrase which is used when you leave people who are sick to take care of themselves, o daijini and then karada ni kiyo tsukete kudasai, please take care of yourself, karada is body, but over here it means yourself and kiyo tsukete kudasai. What I just told you over here is, please be careful. Once again Rao san o daijini karada ni kiyo tsukete kudasai, these are two expressions you can use these, it will make you feel comfortable, it will show that you know Japanese and you will feel more confident. Now, as I always do, we will do kanji, there is this kanji character, annai suru, well you have done this kanji character earlier, onna no hito, now look at this character and find out where onna no hito is, this is made out of onna no hito and ki, as you can see 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. So, this is made like this, annai shimasu, this is just an of annai, an of annai and you can see over here, nai is also given, nai actually means inside and it is with hito, you can see like this, like this and like this, nai, annai shimasu, I will make it once again for you annai, annai shi, annai suru to guide, character is suki. You have done this onna no hito earlier and we just need to put a ko over here which is a kodomo like this, this character means kodomo, onna no hito and ko means ski, mothers like their children very much, that is how this character has come into being onna no hito and kodomo means suki means this is what it is. You can see how annai has come into being, number of strokes are here, you can practice this. Now, we always do kotowaza, one new kotowaza every day, well today there is a very nice proverb and it also tells you about the Japanese people, how they think, how they act. You can see nana korobi ya oki meaning literal translation is to fall seven times, to rise eight times, basically meaning that well whenever you start to do something, whenever in life there are lots of ups and downs, time never remains the same, but well even if you fall you are supposed to get up, you are supposed to fight back again, you are never supposed to lose hope. So, this tells you about the Japanese people that come what may, whatever happens, you may not succeed all the time, there are lot of difficulties, but still you have to keep trying, you have to keep going ahead, you cannot stop, you fall, you get up, you try again, never be disheartened and just keep going forward. Well, we can also use this for our Japanese, we know Japanese is a tough language, we know kanji is tough, but still we will learn and we will try to speak in Japanese. You will make mistakes, we will spell it incorrectly, we will write it incorrectly, but still from there we will go ahead and not feel disheartened. That is what this proverb says, just keep trying hard and finally you will succeed. If you do not succeed once, try again. So, well this is the proverb and then we have Katakana, of course the ya series, ya, then you have yu, we have just three over here, you have done it in hiragana, ya yu and then we have yo. So, now you have it right here for you ya, yu and yo, we do not have the two e and a, it is similar to the wobbles e and a, thus it is, now is the vocabulary, you can see there is lot of vocabulary, go over the vocabulary, learn the words, there are lot of new verbs over here, learn those, try to use them and in the end today we have some assignments for you. As I always give lot of assignments, practice that will make you very comfortable, you will feel confident and that is the reason we have these assignments for you. Well, there is kanji, then you have kanji again, choose the correct kanji, you are supposed to recognize, it is important to recognize, to understand because visual is always very strong, it stays with you, so we will try to choose the correct character. Now, I had told you how to make kocha, try to make Indian curry, indonokare wo tsukutte kudasai or indonokare no tsukurikata wo kai. Sentences for you over here, we will try to make these sentences and the clues are given in the end, you can see yori and everything is given, no hou ga yori, whichever is to be used, use that and make a proper sentence, make a meaningful sentence and in the end what do you say in these situations? So well, these are expressions, try to write the correct expression. This ends your lesson for today. There is something written here, sore de wa minasan kyou wa kore de owarimasu. So well, I will explain this to you next time but once again, sore de wa minasan kyou wa kore de owarimasu. So minasan, mata ashita aimashou. Arigatou gozaimasu. Thank you.