 Hello. I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education. This is Kanna Girls 2D College, University of Alhava. It is my email ID and nowadays we are discussing over issues of primary education or you can say problems of primary education in which earlier I have discussed universalization of elementary education that is UEE. And today I am going to discuss work experience in primary education. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and it will be useful for you for your competitive teaching examinations as well as for your general B.A.M.A. and professional B.A. damage courses. So, let's start. First of all, work experience. When we do not know it, when we do not teach it in literature, then we consider it as common sense that work experience is the work experience. And generally, if this question is asked to us, then it tells us that before doing any work, we should have experience of work. If we have experience of work, then we have experience of work, then we do good work. We talk about this kind of general. But we should know what work experience is. It is a concept that our commission has recommended that this primary education or you can say that in general, it should be inculcated to primary education. This is a teaching concept. This is a concept that is not very popular. So, most people do not know it. But this concept came and it is a good concept. So, I will tell you about it. So, the first question is that this commission has talked about work experience. This is a question of your competitive teaching examinations. So, this is the question of Kothari Commission. So, the Kothari Commission report of the Education Commission, Conceived Work Educate Work Experience Program. WEP. They talked about WEP, Work Experience Program. As they said, Work Experience Program, Participation in Productive Work. They are saying that when there is an event in which something is happening, we do our part. Whether it is in the school or in the home, it can be in a workshop, it can be on a farm, it can be in a factory, or in any productive situation, if we are participating in any productive work, then it is a work experience program. It recommended that work experience, which includes purposeful and meaningful manual work. That is, we have done something while wandering. It is purposeful, it is a full list. It is included in the thought. And it is meaningful. That is, we are not doing anything else. It should be an essential component of all stages of education. It should inculcate the learners a respect for manual work, values of self-reliance, cooperativeness, perseverance, helpfulness, work ethics, attitudes and values related to productive work and concern for the community. If this happens, then what can we do? What can we inculcate in the fields of education? The feeling of respect for work, how to value yourself, how to work with others, how to help others, what are the ethics of work, what is our attitude towards work, right? We value the productivity and what is our concern for the community. We can inculcate all of this in our learners. Work Experience Program was introduced from class 5th to 8th with the objective to provide for building up proper attitudes towards work. That is, work experience program was introduced from class 1 to class 8, so that the students who are students can develop proper attitudes towards their work. We can develop work values in them and habits imparting necessary knowledge related to work. And those who are related to manual work can be developed in them and developing appropriate work sense, right? And the skills of work can be developed in them which can help the children to become productive and self-reliant in meeting their day-to-day needs and those of their families and communities. What will happen is that they will be productive and they will be productive in their daily needs. They will be able to do their work. They will be used to doing something. And in the same way, they will be beneficial to the family and community. What else? The Curriculum for 10 Years School of Framework. I mean, a framework was created in 1976 in Curriculum for 10 Years School. Everyone knows that the Quattari Commission came in 1964 and I submitted the report. That is, after 10 years, the work experience program, its concept was introduced. And after 10 years, it was developed by NCRT. NCRT created a framework for 10 years, included W as an integral component of the school curriculum and provided guidelines for its implementation in the country. And NCRT remembered the concept of the Quattari Commission, the concept of work education, the concept of work experience. It gave it a part in its framework and said that it should be implemented in the whole country. WE was later renamed as SUPW. We know a lot of people who don't know the name of the work experience but know the name of SUPW. SUPW means Socially Useful Productive Work. And generally, children know SUPW but don't know its full form. Socially Useful Productive Work. And who said this? Ishwar Bhai Patel committee came in 1970. Means, on 1970, Ishwar Bhai Patel committee was proposed as the name of the work experience. It was described as a purposive, meaningful work resulting in either goods or services which are useful to the community. And how did it describe it? How did Varanan do SUPW? It is a socially useful work. It was suggested that these students can choose from a number of vocational education activities like knitting, gardening, cooking, painting, carpentry and other stuff. The implementation of WE, oblique SUPW and also pre-vocational education program in schools has been far from satisfactory. Because of various reasons, I mean, it didn't work out at all. There are a lot of reasons for this. Because of various reasons, I mean, it didn't work out at all. Because of various reasons, I mean, it didn't work out at all. There are a lot of reasons for this. Non-allocation of sufficient time in the school timetable. When you don't give it time in the school timetable, what class will you talk about? What work, what time period will the students do in the class? Non-examinable nature of the courses. One was that these courses will not have an exam. These sufficient funds are not available in schools. Non-availability of trained teachers. Who will teach all this in raw material and not even get raw materials. So, because of all this, the work experience or SUPW program was far from satisfactory. In our schools. Then, what does the Kotari Commission say about the work experience? This concept is given. Work experience should be introduced as an integral part of all education. The Kotari Commission has said that this should be an integral part of education. Education will not be introduced without it. General and vocational. I mean, even in the subject of education. Your vocational education should be an integral component of both. The school and the community should be brought closer together. Closer through suitable programs of mutual service and support. Work experience and national service including participation in meaningful and challenging programs of community service and national reconstruction should accordingly become an integral part of education. Work experience should be introduced as an integral part of education. Imphases in these programs should be on self-help, character formation and non-developing sense of social commitment. The Kotari Commission suggested education and productivity as one of the national objectives of education. The Kotari Commission has suggested education and productivity as one of the national objectives of education. That is, education is a national goal. That is why they are connecting education with productivity. That is why they gave the concept of work experience. If education is related to productivity, an expansion of education will lead to increase in national income. Work experience has to be introduced as an important aspect of education and may be oriented towards technology and industrialization. The application of science and production process including agriculture. The Kotari Commission has suggested education and productivity as one of the national objectives of education. The Kotari Commission has suggested education and productivity as one of the national objectives of education. What is the content in which class? From 1st to 5th or 4th to lower primary classes. The Education Commission has recommended that work experience in primary and lower classes should take the form of simple hand work. Like paper cutting, cardboard work, clay modeling, spinning, simple needle work, simple planting and kitchen garden. Like cardboard work, clay making, kitchen gardening work. Teachers should be encouraged and given guidance regarding co-relation of these activities with lessons in science and arithmetic. In this way, we should teach them that the activities that we have discussed today and tomorrow will teach them how to learn the core. Today, the core of this core has a flower. In other ways, the child will learn the science. So, in this way, we should teach them the theoretical aspects of the activities that we are doing. Then, work experience in the higher primary classes. From 4th to 7th to 8th. At this stage, the commission has recommended to introduce work experience in the form of learning crafts. They say that you can teach them crafts. For example, work of grass, work of leather, work of pottery, work of needle work, work of gardening, work of model making and work on farm. This is what you should teach. And lower secondary classes. From 7th to 8th to 10th. From 10th to 12th, that is higher secondary. So, they are saying that work experience in this stage should be productive. It should always be provided in real life situations. They are saying that you should teach them in real life situations. It may also be the form of workshop training. You can do workshops for this. The range of possible activities which can be adopted to provide productive work experience is enormous in choice. In choice will be determined mainly on the variability of materials and trained instructors. They are saying that you should teach them in real life situations. You have enormous opportunities to teach them where and when. It depends on what raw material you have and what kind of trained instructor you have. So, this is the topic of the content. This is also recommended by the Court Education Commission or the Court Hari Commission. So, what will be the benefit if we give the work experience to the child? So, educational, psychological, social and economic benefits are there. That is, social, social and economic benefits are there. The following remarks made by Mr. M. D. Mowbley, Executive Secretary of the American Vocational Association in one of his reports on the economy of the underdeveloped countries. I am convinced that one of the main reasons why they have low living standards is the attitude of their educated leaders towards work with them. They say that I am completely convinced that the reason is that the living standard is low because the educated leaders are very low standard. Educated Indians will have to change their attitudes towards manual work. Everybody talks about self-sufficiency and bridging the gap between manual and intellectual work but hardly concrete steps have been taken. Effective implementation of work experience program can help a lot in achieving these goals. He says that a lot of people talk about self-sufficiency. That is, we should be self-sufficient. We should be self-sufficient. We talk about this and talk about the fact that the gap should be finished in terms of manual work, that is, the work done by hand and a lot of work. But no concrete step is taken for this. But he says that if you keep the provision of work experience, you can pass this goal. From the educational point of view, greater concreteness and reality can be given to the knowledge acquired by children through work experience. Knowledge thus gained will be related to life. Psychologically, work experience is desirable because it relieves the children from the tyranny of a purely academic and theoretical learning. He says that if the child is tired while studying, then the way to get out of it pressures the work experience. And the social point of view is that work experience will provide wide opportunities for active participation of all the children. All children can help themselves in the work of the society. So this is the opportunity to connect with them. It will help to break down the existing barriers of prejudice between manual and intellectual work. It will positively help to cultivate a true sense of the dignity of labour. Economically considered, work experience at a later stage will enable the pupils to increase their productive capacity as workers. They will have a faith in precision and perfection. They will be able to work perfectly. They will be able to become good productive members of the society. If they have felt work experience in their school life, then work experience will also help them to utilize their ledger advantage so that they can be easily benefited. But here, it must be clearly emphasized that the productive aspect will never be allowed to take precedence over the educational aspect. He says that all things are right, but it should not be that the productive aspect should be placed above the educational aspect. That is, it should always be above the educational aspect. The productive aspect will be done side by side. Then he says that there are behavioral changes among pupils. That is, if a student is involved in a work experience program, then what changes will come in their behaviour? Knowledge to be gained. That is, they will gain knowledge. What knowledge will they gain? The role of production in the development of a nation. They will know how big the country is in the development of production. The role of science and technology in improving production. They will also know how we can improve production with the help of science and technology. The history of technology with special reference to industrial revolution. How the Audiology revolution and the Audiology revolution have changed the technology in such a way. Then the impact of technological development on the life of people. What is the impact of technological development on people's lives? Present and the future role of pupils in the development of nation. That is, the children, the disciples. What is the impact of the development of the nation? How should we work with the precaution of safety? And what are the causes that can increase the productive efficiency? The ability to be developed. What are the benefits? Locate problems regarding production and consumption. Where is the problem? Where is it wrong? It can be located. Design, experiment and production for the testing of hypothesis. We can make a design that we can do this and see if it gets better. Select the apparatus and pull for testing the hypothesis. The one who has made an idea, he can choose an apparatus for his experiment. Actually test the hypothesis. He can actually test it and see. Evaluate the process of problem solving. He can do the analysis of the solution and the feedback the results. And then the feedback can be given whether we did good work or not. Whether we made the hypothesis or not. What can we do better? These are the benefits. If they are involved in the work experience. Attitudes to be cultivated. They should realize that every citizen has a vital role in raising the productive capacity of the nation. Every individual has a role. Every type of work. Every work contributes to the future of the nation. Respect for manual workers. The people who work with their hands. Respect for respect. Develop an attitude. Methodically do every work. Save from any kind of wastage. And what is the interest? Raising the productive. We will help the nation. Taking full advantage of science and technology in improving vocation in daily life and living in cooperation with others. These are all the interests. Behavioral changes can occur in pupils. If we make them a part of the proper education work experience program. Work experience in other countries. Is it only in India? No. In almost all the advanced countries of the world work experience has become an integral part of education in primary and secondary stages. That means prayer. In almost all the advanced countries of the world it is a part of our education system. In the socialist countries the work experience program is based upon the educational and political ideas of Marx and Lenin. In the socialist countries Marx and Lenin raised this concept. Marx says education and physical culture is also combined with manual labour and manual labour is also combined with education and physical labour. That means the work experience program is associated with education and physical labour. In Russia practical education was introduced during the second half of the 19th century by Victor Delavos. Polytechnic education is the backbone of the education system in the socialist countries. In USA, UK and West Germany the work experience program is a part of the school education system. The work experience program was a very good concept but unfortunately we were not able to adopt it as per our education system. Even today manual labour and intellectual labour are different and we consider manual labour to be less. The work experience program is a part of the educational and physical labour system. Thank you. I have completed a very important topic under the problems of primary education that is work experience. Don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education and join my telegram group too. I have done from my side.