 Good morning. The present contribution focuses on a study of the manpower needed to build the imposing perimetral systems of Northern Povalli-Bordet support for settlements compared with their demographic capacity. The aim of this paper is to answer to these questions. Was the number of persons contained in the villages enough to build the perimetral system and to deal with the channel instructors? And a shift of people from other communities was needed, and how the resources were managed by the communities. So let's see quickly an historical background. We are in the Bronze Age in the Northern Italy in the Povalli. And between the Middle Bronze Age and the recent Bronze Age, the Tehranmaric culture developed. Tehranmaric culture is a system of 45 settlements with an economy based on agriculture and livestock. With the complex management of the farmland, with the construction of field ditches and the channeling structure. So the research area is the Northern Povalli. So the Northern sector of the Tehranmaric culture. In this work, we'll see these topics. For first, we look at demography, so the calculation of people who could live in a fortified settlement. Then manpower. So estimate manpower necessary to realize the perimeter and channel instructors. Then we'll see some case studies to discuss the relationship between demography and manpower. And we go through the conclusion. We started with demography. For this work, a new method for calculating demography within a fortified settlement has been developed. We call it the planimetric method because we use large planimetries to calculate the relationships between living spaces and living spaces, so between houses and outdoors. Then there's an extension of the relationships between living and not living spaces in the whole settlement. And we calculated the people number of the basing of the settlement living spaces. So there's the creation of people coefficient applicable to settlements that don't have planimetries. So let's see quickly the method. All the planimetries are sufficiently larger with the living spaces and the outdoors of the proclaiming settlements were collected. We take eight samples. For its planimetry, the sum of the leading areas that is the surface enclosed by the perimeter of the house was calculated in relationships to the total area of the plan. Through proportion between the leading areas in the total area of the plan and the total area of the settlement, the living area of the settlement was calculated. Then the total number of individuals in the equals was calculated for each settlement considered and we're considering looking at the bibliography, one man every 7.5 square meters to obtain the total number of individuals the living space of the settlement was divided by 7.5. So here the coefficient of the individual square actor for the eight samples that we had seen before and we calculated it dividing the total number of individuals by the leading surface. And so from coefficients obtained for each site accompanied by the last planimetry, we calculated a coefficientably capable to all 45 settlements of the proclaiming. So this is not a perfect network at all. There are negative aspects. There are also positive aspects. A positive example is that the total living surfaces are calculated from real living surface. Yes, we have a limited amount of planimetry is used for the extrapolate valid coefficients and extending the living space pattern straight from the planimetry to the most settlement is a potential risk. So let's see the manpower to calculate the manpower of to build ditches, ramparts and channel structure. We have before to know the volume of these structures. At the beginning, we used the territory formula. The territory formula needs three section and due to the lack of documentation and archeology, we have to simplify the geometry of the structures from irregular prism to regular prism. And so we use the section of regular solid formula to calculate the volume of ditches, ramparts and also channel structures. Then the next step is, we look to, Galileo says about earth fortification and the 19th century says about earthworks, about embankment earthworks. And then we look at the wars of solid archaeologists who also in looking at the manpower and the workforce. And we estimate two or three cubic meters of earth worth of embankment per day with an average of 2.5 cubic meters per day. Then looking at an example to see how the method works. And so this is the set fortified settlement of Verdi-Cedicot-Royalpo in the North Ample Plain is a little settlement. And we know that the sum of the earthwork to construct the inner ditch and the rampart is about 6,000 and so other cubic meters. Then knowing the operational chain of the excavation and the transport and building of the earth, the construction of the rampart, we're looking at this works. And knowing that man could work at 2.5 cubic meters of earth per day, we estimate 13,000 of other average working days. And then knowing the number of people of the village, oh, okay, we don't see it very well, but it is 300 and then we use the method, the planning method that we see before. We can estimate the working time of about 45 days. So looking at the case studies, we categorized the fortified site by dimension. So we have a three categories, the small fortified site from an alpha factor to 2.5 acres. And for this settlements, we estimate 13,000 of working days. And so about 45 days for 300 people, that is the capacity of this settlement. In this case, we think that there's maybe no need of extra manpower from outside of the settlement to construct ditches and the ramparts. Then looking at the medium fortified settlement, we from 2.6 acres to 6.5 acres. The example is the fortified settlement of Lemontov-Vissalpo, near Palma. For the fortification, about 91,000, we estimated 91,000 of working days, about 100 days for the people capacity of the settlement. In this case, maybe there's need of people from outside to construct the rampart and the ditches, maybe from their sites. So we see finally the large fortified settlement and we see the example of Castelo del Tartaro in the low length of Roma. And the size of this settlement is 28 us with the people capacity of 2,300 people. And we see the landscape of Castelo del Tartaro. There is the huge fortification with also the Tornione deviation, that is a channel constructed by people of the settlement and also in the south, constructed to divide and to protect the fields in the north from the wetlands in the south. So to construct the mod, the excavated is about 186,000 of cubic meters. For the rampart, about 33 cubic meters, 1,000 of cubic meters. For the division channel is a huge work. The work was at least 517,000 of cubic meters. Then we have other feature construct. We have an embankment about 2,000, 2,000 of cubic meters. Then we have the coral and the field ditches constructed, but we can't quantify them because we don't have them. They are only, they are founded by remote sensing. So there is no possibility to calculate them in power. So these air quotes are done in the second phase of Castelo del Tartaro. And if we sum all the cubic meters work, we have at least 736,000 of cubic meters. And at least one million and half of working days. With the people capacity of 2,300 individuals. So if all the people of Castelo del Tartaro, this circular settlement at work without stopping, we estimate about two years of work. But this is impossible because the village life wouldn't stop. And the workers needed to be fed. The estimator who did it is about 1,300 tons of cereal. So we have to imagine hundreds of people working for many years in air quotes had to be done in a few times because the collapse of these structures were quite quick experimental archaeology demonstrators. And could the only people of Castelo del Tartaro maintain these structures? Maybe there's a mobility of people and for the resources from other settlement. And maybe not only from the nearest settlement. So looking at the conclusion for the small fortified village, probably there's no need of extra manpower and resources. For the mediums, possible there's the need of extra manpower maybe from the nearest sites. And maybe also food resources. For the large and for the fanciest villages, I think there's for sure the need of extra manpower and maybe food resources from near sites, from closed settlements, and maybe from people from other territories. We don't know how big was the influence of these large fortified sites. So we're seeing the mobility of people, relationships with the needs of the large fortified villages. So for sure, the large fortified villages manage the people, the people from the nearest sites, from the closest settlements, and maybe the territory of the influence was bigger than we think. Then a surplus of food. There's the need of a surplus of food to feed the manpower. We see about 1,300 tons of cereals for the large settlement from Castillo del Tartaro. This surplus was produced by this large settlement or the surplus was collected also from the closed communities. Thank you for your attention.