 All right, well, we're at the top of the hour. Let's go ahead and get this show on the road, shall we? So hello, everyone, and welcome to the June, NASA Night Sky Network member webinar. We're hosting tonight's webinar from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in San Francisco, California. We're very excited to welcome our guest speaker, Kristin Weaver from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. We also welcome all the NASA partner, Eclipse Ambassadors and Solar System Ambassadors to this evening's webinar, who might be tuning in on YouTube. Before we introduce Kristin, here's Vivian with just a few announcements. I am gonna hand it over to Kat. Kat, you wanna tell them about the excitement this weekend? Yeah, absolutely. So this weekend, if you are in the DC, Maryland area, Hofstra University is having their astronomy festival on the National Mall, and that's an association with Smithsonian's Solstice Saturday. And that is this Saturday, June 24th from six to 11 p.m. Now, unfortunately, the weather is not going to cooperate. So we are going to be inside the Smithsonian Arts and Industries building, and that's going to be at 900 Jefferson Drive Southwest. So if you are in the area, you're more than welcome to attend. There will still be some telescopes in the event that the skies do clear, but there are going to be various organizations all the way from us, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, to various NASA organizations, Day Star Filters, the International Dark Sky Association, Sky and Telescope Magazine, and the Wes Anderson movie, Asteroid City, the folks from that picture will be there as well. So it'll be really, really exciting this Saturday. I'm so excited to see that movie. It's all about amateur astronomers. If you haven't heard, it's called Asteroid City. We make no royalties on that. We're just excited because it's about us. Great, and one other thing, there are going to be some updates on the website coming soon. A lot of our club events that are public will start to be publicized more widely within NASA. So make sure to get your events up for the year and you should get some good publicity on those. We'll send more information about that in this month's newsletter. And I think that's it from us. Right, and we are still recruiting for Eclipse ambassadors. And so we still have lots of room available and for those of you who have been able to join us, we're delighted at being able to get to know you and the various, hopefully in the live sessions and in the trainings that we're doing. All right, for those of you on Zoom, you can find the chat window and the Q&A window at the bottom edge of the Zoom window on your desktop. Please feel free to greet each other in chat window, making sure that you select everyone instead of the default to panelists and hosts only. If you have any technical difficulties, you can let us know in the chat or you can send us an email at nightskyinfo at astrosociety.org. If you have a question for our speaker, please type it into the Q&A window. It really, really helps to help us keep track of those. And up squares, there it is. Welcome again to the June NASA Night Sky Network webinar. This evening, we welcome Kristen Weaver to our webinar. Kristen is the deputy coordinator for Globe Observer, the app of the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment or Globe Program. The goal of the app is to extend the reach of the longstanding citizen science and science education program to non-school-based audiences. She was also previously an outreach specialist for the Globe Precipitation Measurement Mission prior to her work with NASA, Kristen taught middle school science for eight years in Montgomery public schools in Maryland and Denver public schools in Colorado with a primary focus on earth science. She holds an MA in education and a BS in computer science and psychology, both from the University of Denver. Please welcome Kristen Weaver. Hello, happy to be here this evening. Let me go ahead and share my slides here. Glad to be joining you to talk a little bit about how earth science connects to the eclipses that are coming up. And as noted, my background is as a science teacher and so that's kind of the frame that I often come to these aspects from, although a lot of what I do now is a lot more communication and social media and less of the direct classroom type stuff, but really happy to be here. I am based at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, so just outside of Washington, D.C. So what we are doing for the eclipse, we are looking at the earth science angle on the eclipse. So of course, the eclipse is actually plural. But so of course, a lot of the focus is on this amazing astronomical event that we will all get to experience, especially if you're in the path of totality, but even in other places, at least a little bit of the joy, if not quite the full amazing experience. But of course, there is an impact of the eclipses on the atmosphere and on. And so the idea of using globe observer and this earth science data collection project to study eclipses is to start to, is to think about some of those effects on temperature, clouds and wind and be able to measure those as a citizen science project. So you have the sun being blocked by the moon during the eclipse. How is that going to affect these solar powered processes that we have in our atmosphere? And so this, what you can see here in this picture is a one-pager focused on the effects of the atmosphere and that's available on our globe observer eclipse website which you'll have the link at the end and can share that as well. So with this tool, and if you're not familiar with the globe observer app, it is as noted the app of the globe program. So globe program's been around since 1995 but we started the app in 2016 with the clouds tool. And the idea was that we took aspects of the globe program and aspects of the data collection of the globe program which has 50 some protocols and took some that would be enhanced by using an app. So taking photographs, getting your location and also things that didn't require any extra equipment or very minimal extra equipment. So the eclipse tool uses clouds that is part of the app normally that you could go out and download the app and take observations today. So you can make those observations of clouds and see if you make any changes or see any changes. And then it adds the ability that is available to globe teachers and train globe users to do temperature but during the eclipse we open that up with the ability for anybody to add air temperature measurement. So we do want a thermometer, a separate thermometer. We're not relying on weather apps. We'll talk about that more a little bit later. But if you're interested in the other tools the other ones we have in the app are mosquito habitat mapper, land cover and trees. And they all have some connection to NASA science in some way. But so for the, for global eclipse we're focusing on clouds and air temperature primarily and a little bit on some of the others which we'll get into a little bit more later on some other things that are kind of optional extra measurements. So the other thing is that as part of those observations one of the things that can affect the temperature and the effects on the atmosphere is also the surface conditions where you are. So while the sort of the consistent observations during the eclipse are air temperature and clouds we also want people to kind of get a sense of where you're taking your observations. So reporting surface conditions by photographing and describing the landscape with the land cover tool kind of telling us where you were observing the eclipse because it would make a difference whether you, it could make a difference whether you're in a forested area although that might not be the best place to view an eclipse but a grassy field versus a parking lot there might be some differences in the temperature changes during an eclipse. And so for this is something we didn't have for the 2017 eclipse which I should say that is when so the app launched in 2016 with clouds and then in 2017 we had this eclipse tool and then the others were kind of launched actually mosquito habitats I think launched earlier in 2017 if I recall correctly. So we've kind of added the tools to the app further on. So we didn't have this ability to do the land cover observations and report these surface conditions in the same way for the 2017 eclipse. So that's something we're actually excited to add for these upcoming eclipses. And then I think another important aspect of it is that this is a citizen science database that is available for use by professional scientists. You can see Dr. Brent Dodson who's from the NASA Langley Research Center they're presenting. I believe that I'm pretty sure that was at AGU in I think it might have been 2018 but presenting about some of his research on the eclipse data. But also it's available for students to use because the education aspect of the globe program is very important as well. And so lots of students collect their own data but also we encourage them to look at other people's data that's in the globe database. And so those screenshots there are from different reports submitted to the globe international virtual science symposium after 2017, 2019 and 2020 eclipses. And those are available on our observer website there on our eclipse website. So it is contributing to a larger database that can be used for all sorts of different scientific investigations that as we hope it will be. And so the cool, and the other thing that is true is that we are not limited to just observations on the path of totality or in the case of the October the path of annularity. And of course the experience you get in totality is a very different thing compared to what you're getting for a partial eclipse but you still may see some temperature changes. And so this is for people who aren't maybe able to travel to the eclipse path. You can still collect valuable data and comparison data even if you're not on the path of totality or annularity. Of course we hope many people will travel but that's not possible for everybody. And the other thing that's true is that you can still take temperature measurements when it's cloudy. That was actually that research paper on the previous page was actually looking at the effect, how much the differences in the temperature drop based on the cloudiness level reported by citizen scientists and that paper is available on our website. But let me see if this will. So I can show this is our data from 2017. So each of those points represents observations taken by a citizen scientist by a volunteer observer on August 21st, 2017. You can see the path of the shadow going over. So the pinks and reds are the highest temperatures and then the yellows and greens are the lower temperatures. You can see the temperature dropping there. We had over 80,000 air temperature measurements from about 10,000 individual observers that got sent in on the day of the eclipse. And in addition, we got about 20,000 clouds observations. So really an amazing, I mean, we're kind of hoping we can top it for especially for 2024. But we'll see if we can manage that. There we go. So that's kind of the big picture of what are we observing, kind of what it contributes to and the reasoning for doing some earth science observations. But of course, you know, it's very important also to always address the, to address safety. And, you know, during the annular eclipse, sun is never totally blocked. So it's not safe to ever look at the sun directly during the annular eclipse. You need some sort of safe solar viewers. And you can see there, there's from there sent in by a globe teacher in Argentina in 2020 and on the left, the one in the middle is from the Park Service and a bunch of people abusing. Of course, sunglasses are not safe solar viewers. So obligatory safety message, make sure you're, and this is probably an audience that doesn't need that as much as the general public audience, but still, you know, I think, I think NASA would revoke my badge if I didn't, if I didn't get a safety message. And there are of course indirect viewing methods that you can use as well. You know, an eclipse projector in the upper right sort of a pinhole projector, a lower right there is a colander that will project the crescent shaped holes. And we actually have our own eclipse card there that has our kind of our earth science take on it. And the back has information about globe eclipse in English and Spanish. That's on our website as well. And you can use that as it has a hole in it to project a hole on the ground too. And there's of course a lot more on NASA's eclipse safety page. And I don't know if there's, hopefully there's a way that if actually these slides, actually, I can say this to these slides with a few minor changes that I made are actually available on our toolkit for informal educators that is on our eclipse website. So all of these slides are available if they're helpful to you as you're doing any programming or reaching out to people, that sort of thing, they are available. I added a couple of minor things for tonight's presentation that aren't there. So, and I don't know, I guess we maybe do question. I'm not seeing any questions particularly come in. We can do questions at the end that probably makes the most sense. But if anyone really has a burning question, I'll try to see if I cash it in context. But so that was kind of the introduction and safety. So a little bit about app basics and how the app works. And I will note that we are still working on the updates to the eclipse tool in the app. So the screenshots and things I have are based on the 2017 version with a few kind of manual tweaks to show some of the things that are gonna be different. It may look slightly different when we finally have it ready, hopefully August, September-ish, but just keep that in mind. This will be basically what it looks like, but if you see small things that are different, just be warned, those are possible. So on the left there is one of our globe teachers in Argentina had her materials ready to observe the 2020 eclipse and her glasses and the app and the thermometer out there. And just kind of like that picture. So the globe eclipse tool is just a special feature in the app. It is available in English and Spanish. So it's translated into both. And the app will kind of guide you through the observations. And then in addition to what's in the app, there are some other sort of optional extra measurements that are available if you want to go through globe training. There's some things you can do. So the basic idea is you're gonna set up the type of thermometer that you're gonna be used. We want to especially confirm that you are using a separate thermometer of some sort, some kind of meteorological thermometer, not something that's used for checking somebody's fever or things like that. But it could be a weather station. It could be, I've got one type of Max Min thermometer. This one, if I put my friend on my face, one of these indoor outdoor thermometers or a simple alcohol-filled thermometer, but something or a data logger, I think the one in the far right in that picture there is the data logger. The one on the left is a ketchel kind of handheld weather station. Any of those things that are designed for doing air temperature are fine to use. What we don't want is just people looking up in an app on their phone, what the weather app tells them, because we don't know if that temperature, where that temperature is being measured. It could be quite a distance away, and so it really does need to be a separate thermometer. You can choose to Celsius or Fahrenheit to display the temperature in the app, although all data is stored in Celsius in the globe database, but we do accommodate the American familiarity with Fahrenheit, and so you can report it in Fahrenheit if you prefer. And then you can turn on reminders for taking measurements there for clouds and air temperature. And then it shows your current location. And then as noted, taking a land cover location, just one or two during the eclipse, not more than that, but just so that we know kind of what landscape, where you're taking the observations. And actually, if you include your thermometer in the down photo, that also helps us confirm that you actually do in fact have a separate thermometer as a confirmation there. So this is what the app screen is gonna look like. So it has the time at the top, it knows your location. So it's gonna have the time of maximum eclipse that your location and the current time. And so you can kind of keep track of that. We've got some buttons to navigate to the different configurations, safety pages, setting sorts of things. And you can see the, go to the previously collected data. And then when it's time to make an observation, this will pop up to say enter data now and then it times it. And I think I talked about this later in it, but basically the idea is leading up to the eclipse every 10 minutes. And then as you get closer, sort of the half hour before maximum, every five minutes, we do say, put the thermometer down, put the phone down, unless you're taking photos, I suppose, during the actual totality, take the measurements up to, and then afterwards, we hope people will continue to take the observations afterwards, but we don't want people to miss that on the experience for taking air temperature measurements. But that kind of progression, and I have an example graph that you'll see why it's nice to have the before and after, but it's just a little drop down menu that you select the temperature. So it's pretty simple. The graph icon, you can see previous measured temperatures, you can edit them or delete them if you realize that you made a mistake for some reason, you accidentally entered 86 when you're doing Celsius instead of 26 or whatever. So there is the option to delete it, but it's all pretty simple menus. And then, oh, there's a, I'm supposed to be, I don't know why, a little cloud window thing is not popping up right, but there's a little pop-up window that says, would you like to take a cloud observation now? I'm not sure quite why that's not working, but so again, there could be changes in the clouds because of the eclipse. So again, the ideal might be taking a cloud observation every half an hour for an hour or so up to the eclipse and maybe every 15 minutes as you get closer to maximum eclipse. And of course, if you see anything interesting happening, if you see any changes, maybe snap a cloud observation, there's also a place in the clouds, you could write some notes in the captions, if you're seeing anything interesting. But the idea is to help you see the eclipse in an atmosphere or science context, both in air temperature and clouds. I will have to fix that slide since I don't know why that part isn't doing. So here's the cloud observation. And as I said, this is available now, this is always available. You can go out and take a, I mean, where I am, it's dark, but you know, that you go out and take a cloud observation tomorrow, what you basically, it asks about overall cloud cover percentage, and this is supposed to be a little video, asks about sky conditions, cloud types, cloud opacity, cloud cover and opacity by height. And then you take photos, you can see just line up the little circles and it'll automatically, it kind of directs it at 14 degrees above the horizon. So you're getting the sky, you do up and you do down. And you know, as simple as that, it's a pretty quick and kind of a fun observation to do. And so then as you go through and take your measurements of air temperature during the eclipse, it will fill out the graph for you. So you get the progression of data, you can see that kind of the example in the left is just maybe two or three data points. And then the one, the big one in the middle there is the, is a full graph of data. I believe this one was from North Carolina in 2017, but you can see that, you know, very, very lovely dip as the eclipse happened and then increase afterwards. And then the bottom is the cloud percent reported by this observer. And there is an opportunity to share your graphs on social media. You can also access them afterwards in your MyObservations on the globe database. And I guess I didn't cover this. To use the globe observer app, you do have to create an account. It is completely free to create. It is, you know, your data is held by NASA and the globe program. We don't use it for anything else, but you do have to create an account and submit an email and tell us what country you're in. But that's all the information we need. You can optionally choose a screen name that for data that appears on, if you do a globe team or some other more complicated things, but all we require is a country you're in and an email address. And the reason for the country is because the globe program is in 127 countries around the world, but it is established by international agreements between the United States government and those other countries. So you have to be in a globe country to collect data, which, you know, I expect many of you are in the US or possibly I don't know if there's others from Canada or Mexico. Those are all globe countries. So that's not a problem for this eclipse and also many in South America as well, which I know we'll get some of the annual. For more information, here's the Observer Eclipse site. And I think I saw Vivian put that in the chat. There's actually a short version, observer.globe.gov slash eclipse. We'll get you to the same page, but it has more information about the eclipse, how to take observations, some data and some data analysis information from the past eclipses and then our eclipse resource library, which has things we've pulled from other places that may be useful. There's, you know, that top one there is an annual eclipse fact sheet from put out by NASA heliophysics. There's a postcard. The eclipse resource library there is kind of aimed at individual observers who might be taking observations and we'll add more things as we find useful ones and as they're developed. But then we also have under the lead a program menu at the top, we have an eclipse toolkit for informal educators. So if you're leading a program or facilitating a program, we have, again, they're actually right there on that slide is where these slides are, they're available as a PDF or a PowerPoint or actually as Google slides you can make a copy of. So if this is something you wanna share with others, we have those resources available as presentation tools to share. And again, we have more things planned that we'll keep working on. I think one thing we've talked about is like a little printable brochure to share how to use the app and some other things. We keep getting new ideas. We'll see how many of them we actually manage to implement but there's a lot of resources that we hope to have available. And the last little bit that I wanna talk about and I'm going a little faster than I thought actually we'll have lots, I hope there's lots of questions, lots of time for discussion. But I should talk more slowly and more sedately. But anyway, so a few like additional supplemental observation tips. So this is a teacher in Argentina taking observations in 2020. And she's actually doing surface temperature which is something that's available if you want to in addition to air temperature if you wanna get globe trained you can actually do surface temperature in addition to air temperature just as a teaser. But so yeah, so some tips, ideally about every 10 minutes for about two hours before and after Maximo Clitz that'll get you that really nice curve of decreasing temperature and increasing temperature. We kind of hope that maybe people, I know I remember I was in Beatrice, Nebraska in 2017 and it did, people did kind of take off right afterwards a lot of them, some people stuck around but this could be a reason to stick around and wait for traffic to clear a little bit to continue to take your measurements. Again, this is an ideal world. It's certainly not the end of the world if you only take two or three air temperature measurements that's still something. You might not get quite the nice curve and if you only stop 10 minutes after maximum it's not the end of the world. I think we have to balance the expectations of what people are willing to do and what would be like perfect data collection. But so if you can about every 10 minutes for two hours and then increase it a bit for about the half hour before and after just because I think you might get some more maybe nice to have some more subtle differences right around the actual eclipse. But again, stop taking measurements during maximum eclipse or totality to enjoy the experience. That's one science club which left Quen from Junín de los Andes, Argentina as one of our, actually I think a lot of the pictures that I have here came from their very active globe teacher down in Argentina. And yes, there are data loggers Gregory. There are data loggers that can do this automatically but some of those can be more expensive. All you need for this is this kind of thermometer which is not very expensive. So yes, you could just get a data logger and do it with a data logger, that is true. But so if you prefer to do that, that's certainly an option also. And if you want the full temperature curve to appear in the graph, make sure you keep taking observations after the point of maximum eclipse. And I think part of the idea is that this is something we're trying to make it as accessible to people as possible. So some people may already have a data logger available or even a full weather station. We're happy to have, if you have a weather station and you're going to be in the path of totality, reach out to me, I'd love to get you connected to the globe database and have that data being automatically sent into the database if you have a weather station or if you wanna do it with a data logger and send it in automatically, can certainly help you do that. Absolutely happy to do that. Choosing a thermometer, some kind of separate thermometer. Again, don't rely on the weather app on your phone. That could be pulling data from a weather station some distance away. There is a list of equipment suppliers for North America that Globe has on the website, but a lot of different thermometers are acceptable. The ideal is about plus or minus five degrees Celsius that accuracy of plus or minus five degrees Celsius and at least five degree or less divisions for the liquid filled models. But you can see there's just a few examples that I had this picture before, but there's a lot of thermometers that will work just fine for this. So, and I'm seeing some questions in the app. So the app is called Globe Observer. So if you search for Globe Observer in the Apple Store, that is the, and it's sort of a magnifying glass of an earth behind it is on a blue background. That is the app icon in the app. And we will, it's not entirely determined exactly where we're gonna have the Eclipse app available in Globe Observer. We only had it available a couple weeks before 2017. We're hoping to increase that for this eclipse, but it's a little bit dependent on our app development team and when they finish and get it all tested and ready to go. So I would say it will be out at least two or three weeks before the eclipse, maybe sooner than that, if we can manage. However, with that said, the only special thing for the eclipse is really the air temperature, clouds and land cover and all the other stuff you can do now, it is available now. The only thing that we have to make sure that they get all the final testing and make sure it's still working because they've had to update the code some since the last time it was used for 2020 and make sure it still integrates with the current version of the app. But everything besides air temperature you can do now. So accuracy of measurements, I mean, ideally you'd have maybe a data logger and an instrument box, there's some Globe students on the left looking at an instrument box with that nice some louvered side so that you get airflow. But of course, if you're traveling for the eclipse, many people aren't going to have that. But at the very least, try to take your measurement in the shade, even your own shadow is better than nothing. But if you're in a shady area, or I just stuck that for that picture on the right, that's my neighborhood with the thermometer in a tree, but you don't want the thermometer indirect sunlight. You do want it shaded and some ventilation so you're not getting, you don't want it to include, yeah, you want there to be airflow so it's getting the true air temperature and not a result of the sun shining on the thermometer. Whoa, jumping ahead, there we go. If you want to calibrate your thermometer, there's instructions for calibrating it. So you can see there, this is actually the one that I have right here with the calibration thermometer, ice and water, put the thermometer in the ice water bath, sit for about 10 minutes and make sure it's between minus 0.5C and plus 0.5C and then the thermometer is okay. And fortunately, I mean, this one has like the two probes. So one is not in the water, only one is in the water, but at least my thermometer checks out minus 0.3C so it's acceptable, which is good. Whoa, sorry, I scrolled my mouse and I went ahead too far. Let's go back, there we go. Okay. And you're not hearing your slides. I think your screen also went off. Yeah, I scrolled my mouse unexpectedly in it. I messed everything up. Let's try to get back here. There we go, is that showing now? Yeah, it looks great. Okay, I got too enthusiastic with my mouse scroller thing. So again, for clouds, I think I talked about this already every 15 to 30 minutes or so, more if you want to, especially anytime you notice something interesting changing in the clouds. The tool, if you're measuring air temperature, the Eclipse tool will remind you to do a clouds measurement periodically about every third air temperature measurement. And there's a comments field under the photos. So you can add narrative comments to your photos about anything interesting you see happening. If you see changes in animal behavior or even people behavior, I suppose people are animals too, but or if you notice sounds changing or other things that we were happy to have those additional comments more of the qualitative measurements. And you can see some students. So the top is actually my brother-in-law picture taken by my sister. And then the bottom there is some students in Cordoba, Argentina during 2019 Eclipse. Again, another Globe teacher down in South America for those Eclipses. Now, if you're interested, this is something we're kind of experimenting with because the idea, there is some thought about how the wind changes during Eclipses. And of course, the best way to do that, to measure that would be to have a weather station that measures wind speed and direction. But again, not everybody may have access to that. Those can be a little bit expensive. So what we're kind of experimenting with is this is something developed by the Aaron Project, Air Pets and Rovers Education Network, which is funded by the Science Activation Funding out of NASA headquarters, which also supports the Globe Observer app. But they have done a little work with these wind sticks, which are really pretty simple, a rod and a ribbon to kind of visually estimate at least if the wind is increasing or decreasing or if it's changing direction. So again, it's certainly not a measurement of the wind is exactly 15 miles per hour or whatever. But it could give a sense of whether wind is increasing and decreasing. Now, like I said, this is kind of experimental. We're not sure how useful this data is gonna be, but it seems like kind of a neat opportunity to test this. So if this is something you're interested in, it's set up a wind stick and put it in the down photo of your cloud observations, and you try to make sure you're taking the observations from the same place. And you can see in those set of three pictures, you can see differences in wind speed. And you could note the direction the wind is coming from. And then we'll see if we can get useful information out of that. And I just note there on the right that I show you kind of the automatic photo option before. The automatic photo is gonna have you pointing kind of straight down at your feet for the down photo. But if you wanna get the wind stick, you can choose to do that one as a manual photo and then you just don't do it straight down. You do it kind of at whatever angle you need to get the wind stick. So again, if that sounds interesting, simple equipment, but something that you could give a try, we'll see if we can get enough of these measurements. And ideally, we might be able to get some people who set up a wind stick and also have a weather station so we can see how closely does this actually compare. But it is a little bit experimental but also gives another way something else to do while you're waiting for the big event, the actual totality when you've gotten there early and set up your lawn chair, you're ready to go, something to do while you're waiting. And then again, I mentioned the land cover observations, that the idea of that as the initial setup so that there may be some interesting research questions related to the effects of different type of surface cover on temperature changes during the eclipse. So as part of kind of the site setup, take a land cover observation, which is basically taking photographs in all four cardinal directions up and down. You can classify the photo, whether it's trees or grass or whatever if you wish, but the photos are sufficient. And then if you can use the thermometer as part of the down photo, just so that we can see what kind of thermometer you're using for the air temperature measurements. Just a few things, it is a good idea to download the app and set up the account ahead of time, just because that part does require having cellular data or Wi-Fi or something, you have to be able to download it and communicate with the globe database to get the initial log in. But during observations, you don't have to have Wi-Fi or cellular signal to collect the data. You can collect it offline and then send the data in later. And then I think as I noted before, cloud and land cover observations always available. You can practice those now. Air temperature will be closer to the eclipse exact time to be determined, but you can always go practice clouds and land cover. And if you wanna go through training, you can actually do temperature now, not through the special eclipse tool, but through the globe data entry for trained users. And there is E-training online. If you're interested in that, there's E-training available and you could do, and you could do even more. You could do, if you have a weather station and you wanna do relative humidity or bare metric pressure or all of these sorts of things, those are all kind of extensions that are available if you wanna go through training, but the clouds and the air temperature and single land cover observation are kind of the basics. And then I think this is, yeah, that's my last slide. And then of course, you could add narrative comments in the photo captions or in the field notes of the land cover observer. We do have a very simple like solar eclipse journal page available just to write some notes. This is I think aimed at a lot of the kid audience, but could be useful for others too, just as an organizer or just create your own style of eclipse journal and write down some of your thoughts and things you observed. Do you feel changes in the temperature or humidity? It felt when I was in Beatrice, Nebraska in 2017, it felt to me like that not only did the temperature increase, but it certainly felt like it got less humid and then more humid afterwards. And although I don't think I was measuring it specifically at the time, that was my impression of it. It felt very different. So those sorts of things, or as I said, animal behavior and those sorts of, and actually I don't think I have it in there, but there is also, if you're interested especially in sort of recording sounds and animal behavior, there is another science activation supported project called Eclipse Soundscapes, where you actually can get a recorder that you have like an audio recorder that you set out and it records sort of ambient noise. Ahead of the eclipse, you set it out for a while before the eclipse and then during the eclipse and then they're gonna do some data analysis of those audio effects. And we are working with them so that they, so that we can help them have people collect air temperature data with the Globe Eclipse app while for those who are doing eclipse soundscapes observations, because that temperature, matching up that temperature with the audio recording is potentially very valuable data. And then I did have somebody email me ahead of this program and I don't know, I forget the name at the top of my head, but there's also ham radio operators who are using that as an observation. And I think I found a link that I can put in the chat in a minute, but there's lots of other ways to collect data during the eclipse as well. And let me stop sharing and see what's been happening in the chats. So can you enter the data later? Yes, it's going to be easier to, it's going to be easier to do at real time with the Globe Eclipse tool, but if you go through Globe training, which is not very long, it takes, you know, it's a sort of thing that, yes, it is possible to enter the temperatures later, it's gonna be easier with the Globe data entry that's accessible for trained users, which like I said doesn't take that long to do the training, but you could do it and plot the temperature and humidity data. I'm happy to help you with that. Let me put, I will put my email in the chat and you can also, if you forget my email or lose track of it, but you find the Globe Observer page and the Globe Observer Eclipse page, the contact us form on our Globe Observer website gets directly to me. So, you know, if you find you have a question later and you can't find my email, then go to the Observer Eclipse page and contact us and let's see, Dinara para la Información en Español, let's see. I should say the Eclipse atmosphere sheet is also translated into Spanish as well. We're going to try to have as many of our resources as possible available in both English and Spanish. It won't be everything. I don't have these presentation slides translated into Spanish, although maybe I'll manage to get them so, but we are trying to have as much as possible translated into English and Spanish. I can manage, but we have a couple of people on our team down at NASA Langley who work for Fluid Spanish Speakers. Yes, thank you Vivian for the Ham Radio Citizen Science Links. Did I miss any questions? Oh, maybe there's some in the Q and A. We've got a couple of good ones in the Q and A. Yeah, so if it's cloudy in the local region, yes, we are absolutely interested in the changing of the cloud coverage because of course the eclipse is still affecting the atmosphere even if you can't see the eclipse itself. So it is still affecting how much sunlight is hitting the surface, the surface of the earth and that. So what Dr. Dodson found was that, and in general, from the 2017 data that in the cloudier areas, the temperature drop was less than in clear sky areas, which is not terribly surprising if you stop to think of it. But yes, cloudy versus clear and how detailed of the observations. So in the app, it has you go through and talk about overall percentage of cloud cover as well as identifying types of clouds that you see kind of divided into low, middle and high clouds and then also sort of at each level, what percentage of the low clouds, like what percentage of the clouds in the sky are low, middle and high. So it walks you through the observations. Now, not all of those aspects are required parts. The overall cloud cover is required and a few other elements, but the app walks you through all the detail that you need to have for the cloud's observations including taking the photos. So if you grab the app sometime between now and the eclipse, you can practice those cloud observations. There is in fact also a cloud wizard that you can go through. If you are not sure of cloud types, it'll ask you questions kind of like a dichotomous key and ask you questions of, is it this or that and it'll kind of guide you through to identify the cloud type. So we try to make it as easy as possible to give all of the information that you need that we're asking for. And that was one of the goals of the Observer app was to make it pretty easy. So there's some basic training you go through when you first open up each tool, kind of just how to observe, but in contrast to the full globe program that requires online training or back in the day, like a week of in-person training to be a globe teacher than more recently the sort of modular globe training. But with the app, all you need is sort of the basic introduction and then the app walks you through how to do the observation. So the goal is to make these observations as accessible as possible, while still maintaining accuracy of data because you're getting the guidance about what types of clouds you see, you have pictures, you have even little sliders that you can slide that says in the cloud wizard and you can slide and adjust the percentage until it kind of matches what you're seeing in the sky. So we try to make it as easy as possible to provide that. So is it worth observing stars that are visible during the solar eclipse? That may be a question better answered by one of the actual astronomers. I think we're focused really on the atmospheric changes and not necessarily the stars and things you could see, but I think it could be interesting to see, if you know, that would be an interesting note to add to one of your comments on one of the photos, if you start to see stars, I mean, if you can, if you know which stars they are, sure add that in, but yeah, if you see stars during totality, I don't know if Brian or Vivian- Well, Kristen, you know, it would speak to the clarity of the atmosphere. Yeah, yeah, that's true. It would be something that maybe you consider adding in to that because if we can see stars, you know, some people can see them, some people can't. And it might say a lot about, you know, what kind of aerosols are in there. Yeah. It's kind of a general qualitative sort of measurement. And that is not something we specifically asked for, but we're having any of those observations of that sort could go in the comments on a cloud's observation, on the captions for a photo, or in the land cover observation, if that happens to be taking that at the right time, certainly any of those things. So Mary, so the app is available to download now, but it doesn't have the Eclipse tool yet. So I would encourage you to go ahead and download the app, create an account, maybe take a few cloud observations or a few land cover observations between now in October or now in April, whichever Eclipse you're focused on. And then when, if you have the app downloaded and ready to go, then when the Eclipse tool is available, it'll just update and automatically appear. So it's, so the app is globe observer and that's what has all of those tools in it. And then the specific data collection tool for the Eclipse is called globe eclipse. So, and we expect the globe eclipse tool, hopefully by, yeah, hopefully by at least September, like late September, at least a few weeks before that really is like, is it very dependent on what our app development team because they also have to manage all the other things that they're working on, not just Eclipse. And every time, I feel like every time they give us a date, oh, it's gonna be ready by this date and it's not actually ready by then. So I hesitate to give an exact date, but we should know that a little bit closer to it. So if you are not in the range of the eclipse, so for, you can, so in terms of, again, in terms of cloud, you can take cloud's data from anywhere that's a globe country. So 127 countries across the world, you can take cloud's data at any time. Now, I'm not sure it's gonna be in terms of the air temperature data. If you want to take air temperature data, you could go through globe training and do air temperature measurements. We are going to sort of constrict the Eclipse button from appearing, just appearing in the area where partial eclipse or anywhere that's appearing a partial eclipse, because I think it could be a little bit confusing for somebody in Europe or Asia opening up the globe observer app and saying, what is this eclipse thing? There's no eclipse here. So we are going to kind of geographically restrict where the button appears to where people who at least get a partial eclipse, but you could always take the other globe measurements anytime you want to, as long as you're in a globe country. So again, it's like we're calling it globe eclipse, but really it's just sort of repackaging other globe tools that are interesting during the eclipse. So all of the measurements are available just not in that sort of package. I'm going to defer the question about solar filters and the eclipse to Brian, I think, because that is definitely not my area of expertise. Yeah, I think that there are other programs that are interested in what's going on in the sun. I'm not sure whether the eclipse mega movie of people are taking images this year. Vivian may know if there's anyone who's examining what's going on with the inner corona. Yeah, we're waiting any day for an announcement from the eclipse mega movie. They will be doing something along the same lines of making a movie across the entire path of the eclipse by taking images at different places, but they have not announced it yet. It should be any day. So that would be a great way to participate and we'll get the word out on the night sky network when that happens. Yeah, good question. And I see Patrick's comment in the chat about the 2017 eclipse in Florida with 80% coverage and still having a noticeable change in air temperature. And yeah, and I think you will, I mean, you don't get the, you don't get, and the only time I've ever experienced totality was in 2017 when I was in Beatrice, Nebraska, but you should see some kind of temperature drop. I'm not sure, I'm not sure actually we've examined what percentage of eclipse to see a really noticeable temperature drop. That's something that we could perhaps look at even still in the 2017 data, but try to examine a little bit more. But yeah, obviously I think you would expect in general to have more of a temperature drop, the more closer to the line of totality however, weather is complicated. So there could be other factors, things like fronts coming in. I know for the 2019 eclipse, because that one was right at sunset. So that one was a little bit interesting because it was hard to distinguish in that one what was temperature drop because it was just the end of the day versus what was because of the eclipse. So sometimes these other factors can make a big difference, but I think this one is more the middle of the day. The one in 2017 was more the middle of the day. So that's a little bit easier to separate out. But there was also the, I mentioned the Aaron project, they actually did some interesting, they did some looking at actually sending up with it. I think they were doing like small balloons or drones or something that had temperatures that had thermometers on them and actually getting the temperature at different layers. And they saw some different things in terms of in the valley, different temperatures at different levels of the atmosphere during the eclipse. And I don't remember all of the details exactly, but there is some complexity. It is in general what you expect to see, but the specific conditions can make a very big difference. I mean, yeah, if you have a front coming in or things like that. So we collect the data, we'll see if we can pull out from it. And I think one of the things that is the power of citizen science data is the aggregation of a lot of people's observations. So your observations combined with other people who are nearby can kind of smooth out the fact that there could be some inaccuracies in the individual measurements, but when you have the aggregate of all of the citizen science data, then you can do some statistical things and some interesting analyses. Yeah, and I'll be interested in Orlando, 58% coverage, we'd love to have you measure that and see how much of a temperature drop you got. And if you want to, one thing you can do, could be interesting, we had at least one of our teachers in Argentina do this because the app will definitely be open before the eclipse. So if you wanted to go in and take measurements like the day before and do air temperature the day before and the day after at the same time of day. Now again, you can still have differences that are weather differences that change the temperature in that, but you could try to get a comparison for your local region of taking observations the day before the day after and comparing that to the day of the eclipse and seeing how much difference you see. That could also be a kind of fun thing to do. I just wanna give a quick shout out, Kristen. The globe team has provided us with some really lovely meteorological thermometers. And I wanna thank y'all, we are offering 10 of those to folks who will help us by filling out the, we have a quick form that you can fill out and let us know what you think of these webinars and I'll put that in just a minute. So just didn't want anybody to leave too early. I know we're just gonna take some questions now and now we have some time. Vivian, you kind of beat me too. I was gonna, I actually ran downstairs and got a couple of the things and we're gonna, the 10 people who fill this out we're gonna select 10 of the people. Hopefully we'll get a lot more people filling out the survey, but 10 people will receive a nice little package of things including some globe books. Paul, do you know that clouds have names and we're gonna have some Spanish language ones of these two. And also there's some very nice cards here. It's a two-sided one. One, you punch out this and so you end up with this nice little window that you can punch this out and hold it up and compare what you see in the sky with the pictures of clouds and whether they're high or mid level or low level clouds. Then on the backside, it has to do with clarity of the sky and aerosols in the sky. And so it has some examples of the atmosphere has some examples of some distant things. So we're gonna put a bunch of these English and Spanish language versions. We'll put a packet. I believe we still have enough of these things. We'll put a pack of these globe observer pinhole viewers and a Taylor indoor-outdoor thermometer graciously provided to us by the globe observer folks. So 10 lucky people are gonna get a nice package of goodies shipped to them after this. So. Well, I really appreciate your, the willingness of folks who may be more interested in the astronomy to listen to some Earth science stuff. So yeah, I know that it's, you know, I think what I remember a lot about the, what I loved about 2017 was how many was, was that all of these people were gathering together for a scientific event. They were there to see something like it wasn't, it wasn't a sporting event, not that those aren't great too, but it was like people gathered together to see a cool science thing, a cool, you know, the expression of the neat geometry of our solar system. And I thought that was a pretty amazing thing to be able to be part of. And I'm looking forward to that again. Yes, I'm pretty sure that I've never seen as many amateur astronomers gathered here as there are today to talk about clouds. Yeah, well, I didn't know, and that's the thing. I know that, yes, the astronomers don't want to see the clouds, but we, well, and it depends on which tool you're using. If you're doing the globe clouds, I know that our land cover scientists also do not appreciate the clouds because they can't see the land cover underneath. But you know what? If you've got clouds, at least you can take a globe clouds observation, you know? So, you know, it's, you know. And even for regular astronomy outreach, it's really lovely to have something to do when the clouds come in, like we can see Venus. But don't take some cloud observations. Yeah, I agree. Well, and that is, and it is like I said, you can do it, you know, yeah, you can do it if it's cloudy, you can do it if you're not on the path of totality, it can fill up some of the time while people are just sitting around waiting for the big event. Like it can fill in some gaps, even if, you know, again, put down the, well, I guess, hopefully if people are trying to take photographs during the eclipse, I don't know. I didn't even try in 27. I knew people would get better ones than me. But so, you know, put down your thermometer during the actual event, but like those couple of minutes of totalities, few minutes. And I think 2024, we get a few, we get, it's a little longer, isn't it? Yeah, so we get a few more minutes of that for 2024. But seriously, if you have, if any questions come up, grab my email from the chat or on the observer eclipse page, please feel free to reach out and ask any questions or yeah, if you want, if you're interested in other types of data collection, they're actually, I think, I think actually tomorrow is when it goes live. They're actually kind of revamping the globe website a little bit to make it easier for people to join and get some of the features of being a globe educator or a globe observer and kind of transfer between those two categories of people. And that's, I think, going live on the website, on the globe website tomorrow. You won't see a change on observer, but on the main globe website. So it should be, you know, if after tomorrow you decide to go create an account, you can, if you want some of the features of being a globe educator for those of you who do outreach events, it'll be a little easier after they do a little bit of a revamp tomorrow. And this is good for both eclipses, right? 2020. It is. Yeah. Yeah, so we can give them a double chance to use it. Well, and it is kind of nice, it is kind of nice to have. I mean, I keep, I know it's over different areas except for Texas, but it is kind of, it is actually, I feel like useful to have the two of them in such close succession because I feel like we kind of can remind ourselves of what we did in 2017, improve it and then still have a chance to tweak things potentially or, you know, create new resources if we see that there's a gap or, and just get people excited about both of them. And so kind of a dry run, and then the total in 24, although I am worried that 24 does go through, I think the cloud prospect on that eclipse path is not as good as it was for the 2017 one. So that, I do worry that there are going to be potentially more people disappointed by clouds in 24, although again, you can use the app. Lemonade from Lemons. Yeah. Well, I'm somewhat concerned about that because I'll find myself in Columbus, Ohio because I had a kid move there recently. And so it's kind of like, yeah, they're in the path of totality. We'll just move 50 miles to get a little bit more of it. So it's, yeah. Well, my husband's cousin lives in Arkansas. And as soon as I realized that their house was on the path of totality like a year and a half ago, I was like, hey, guess what? Cousin Susie, guess what? We're coming to visit you in April of 2024. That's great. I wish everybody clear skies for both of these eclipses. It's gonna be a pretty exciting phenomenon to get to see. So we did have a request early on for Kat to tell us again about the event in Washington, DC. Yeah, it's going to be Hofstra University's Astronomy Festival on the National Mall. I'll go ahead and I'll paste that link in the chat just one more time. And that is going to be this Saturday, the 24th from 6 p.m. to 11 p.m. All right. Well, that's all for tonight. Thank you so much, Kristen, for joining us this evening. And thank you, everyone, for tuning in. You can find this webinar along with many others on the Night Sky Network YouTube channel. And you can join us for our next webinar on Tuesday, July 18th when Dr. Cynthia Phillips joins us to bring us up to date on the Europa Clipper mission a little bit further from home for us. So keep looking up and we'll see you next month. And so good night, everyone. Thank you for having me. And I guess we'll see you next Thursday in one week for the little more informal time with our Eclipse ambassadors. And is that, that one's also Zoom? Is that one, will you send me a separate, I assume that's a separate link and everything? Yeah. Great. I'll make sure you get that. Thank you so much. Oh, and it'll happen on Monday. It's not going to happen tomorrow, but I'll get you kind of a report of who is here and the survey results and all that on Monday. It's not going to happen tomorrow. Yeah, no, that's fine. No worries. And it looked like I saw, I think we got up to near 60 at one point, I don't know. Yeah, maybe just the highest number I saw when I glanced down. So that's great. So a lot of times there are multiple people at those. And so it could be that the actual number of warm bodies out there might be closer to 80. Which, yeah, that's excellent. I appreciate the platform to talk about Glow Observer. Oh yeah, this was great. Thank you very much. Have a good evening. Thank you, Kristen. Bye. Gonna go ahead and end the, yep. You've got the button.