 Dear students, now we are going to talk about eGovernance. eGovernance is the integration of information communication technology into the government system to make the working processes efficient, accessible, and convenient. eGovernance can be defined as delivery of government services and information to the public by using information and communication technologies. eGovernance has evolved as an informative age model of governance that seeks to realize processes and structures for harnessing the potentialities of the ICTs at various levels of government and the public sector and beyond for the purpose of enhancing good governance. So, when we talk about eGovernance, what is its agenda? The basic agenda of eGovernance is that you have to correct the model of your governance and you have to make governance transparent and transform governance into good governance. And that is why we see that eGovernance is being opt-out across the world and such platforms are being created by government institutions and such portals are being made by government institutions through which a lot of barriers are being reduced and a lot of services are becoming easier for citizens to access. When we talk about the eGovernance services, it can be categorized into the three themes. The first theme is government to government services. So, government to government eGovernance involves sharing data and conducting exchanges based on their electronic systems, both upwards and downwards between governmental actors. So, the systems developed by which a central database is generated are called government to government eGovernance. Government to citizen eGovernance services. Government to citizen eGovernance services initiates initiative use dissemination tools such as websites or kiosks to enhance public access to certain information. In this, we see that you can take information from different governmental departments through their website, through their apps, or you can engage in them. For example, in a recent example, when this coronavirus came, the government created a COVID-19 app on which you could see the daily basis of COVID-19 updates and your area is safe zone or not. Similarly, there is another example of the Pakistan Railway application on which you can track which train is late, which is on time, or you can book tickets. So, in this way, we call government to citizen services. Government to business services. The government to business services sector includes commercial interaction in terms of sale of products from state-owned units to the public as well as the disbursement of services. All the services that are made for your business sectors or provided to them are called government to business services. So, these are the three major categories of government to government, government to citizen or government to business services involved. Along with this, we will see a model of United Nations in which it is explained what are the stages of services. The first stage of service is emerging information services. In this stage, e-government website provides strategic information. The second stage is enhanced information services. In this stage, the presence is enhanced with one or multiple or simple two-way communication. In this, you can have the source of interaction through which you can ask the relevant government institute whether you need this information or they provide you with that information. The third stage is transactional service. In this stage, a two-way interaction with citizen is possible. The fourth stage is connected services. In this stage, websites are proactive in requesting citizens feedback via web 2.0 tools. Government agencies are citizen-centric and services are customer-centric. So, these services come to this level and become purely citizen-centric. And they are so enabled that they are providing you with different types of data lively. So, this was the concept of e-governance, its categories and its stages.