 Hi, my name is Alex Wu and I'm a postdoc in crop science at UQ. I want to talk about one of the fundamental processes in plant photosynthesis and gas exchange which means CO2 in and water out from leaves through stomata which you've been heard. So the way we are studying these processes is by using this machine here called LIQUOR. What this machine measures is it measures the amount of CO2 that's been taken in by leaves and the amount of water transpired through stomata. And by understanding how these processes respond to different differences in the environment for example temperature, vapor pressure deficit and light, we are able to understand how these processes can interact and in the end incorporate that into a mechanistic model of crop growth and we can simulate the impact of manipulating these processes in terms of a broader scale at the crop level sense. So the way this machine works is you have the main console here. It has all the electronics in the box. It measures the change in CO2 and water vapor. And if you come over here, there's the LIQUOR head and you can see here there's a chamber. And what you do is you would clip your leaf inside this chamber and then what the machine would do is it will measure the change in the CO2 concentration and water vapor from the machine and out from the chamber. And this way the machine can detect the differences in concentration and calculate photosynthesis and transpiration. So what this allows us, having the machine and our knowledge in plant biology, crop physiology and modeling, we can start to interrogate differences in photosynthetic pathways between different species of crop and use these informations in crop modeling to estimate or to estimate the impact of what happens if we start to change one of these processes and estimating their impact on a larger scale.