 Good morning, everyone. Welcome to today's session on Christian history and missions PC to zero one So in today's class, we would be studying on the reformation which led to revival So even before we could begin with our class. Let's pray Anita, would you like to pray? Thank you As we are gathered here to learn from your word Lord to learn the history and the missions that took place Lord Bless this time Lord and bless past Nancy Lord and all the students can join on time Lord Or give them a good network connectivity Lord And I give this time into your hand Lord and Holy Spirit guide us and be this Thank you, thank you Anita. Yeah So we'll begin with a session even before we could Okay, I'll wait for the others to join as we wait Can we catch up in what we covered last week? So what did we learn I requested you all to also watch some movies on a John Wickliffe and John has for a better understanding and to get a clear picture Did anyone watch? Or read about John of Arc or Savanna Roller. What was your learning on these two people? Anyone in the class would like to share Was there anyone in the class who read up on these two people John of Arc and Savanna Roller? Your points about them that you could it stood out for you when you were studying about them Anyone Anita Rosalyn Jeffina Lupe guy If there's anyone if you would like to share on these people or what was your learning from last class? Last class we learned about John Wickliffe and also about John has it was actually very inspiring Like how they spent their whole life for God and They were even John has was burnt at the stake and I couldn't even imagine how he can go through that and It's so good that how the words spread and how the word continued spreading through them and John Wickliffe was known as the formation morning star Yeah, I learned a lot of things and all these are really inspiring like We should do anything for God like literally anything whether it is small big or whatever it is We should be ready even to give our whole life to God It's easy to say it But when we think of giving our life, it's hard to imagine but still We should give our whole life to God. So yeah, I really loved it Ma'am you are on mute. Thanks. Thanks Rosalyn That's a good thought okay, so is there anyone who'd like to share on on your learning from Joanne of arc or seven a roller The reading assignment that we gave last class the personal reading to know about these two people Yes, please go ahead Lupeka. You can unmute and share about them. I think a good morning everybody in class I think that gentleman who was hanged That has an S name which is very long to you pastor someone Oh So I think he was hanged but he was he looked a shite a charitable guy He hoped some people get some charitable loans. He was helping people were starving He was copies excommunicated by one pope and I think lastly he was hungry because I don't think that he lived It is life after being hung Okay, okay The article says that his preaching got him burned so if Giroloma seven a roller was hanged and then burned had the stake on May 23rd 1498 so what you said was right. Yeah Yes, that's what the Anyone else who read about him would like to share or Joanne of arc John Rosalyn Zellie Okay Okay, next class onwards we take our reading assignment series. So what we do is We read about the people whom we asked on the class and then we share a few points about them in the first five to ten minutes, okay? So next class will come prepared. Okay. I request you all to please read through Joanne of arc seven a roller okay, and then Today's assignment, I will give it to you all at the end of the class Okay, so we today we're going to study about that affirmation which led to revival. This is from 1,501 AD 2,800 80 or 1800 AD Okay, so we're going to study on Erasmus who was a Dutch scholar and a monk who was turned into a writer Let me a minute, please I said this right so Erasmus is Was his full name Was deserious Erasmus and he was one of the most celebrated scholar of his time. So He was he was Corresponded with the kings, popes, princes and fellow scholars and his works were translated into many languages. So to at the end of his carrier BC Erasmus was drew into criticism from both the Roman Catholics and the Protestants for us religious ideas So keeping that in mind, let's go. Let's go on into his personal life So he was the let's debate son of a priest and Erasmus was born in a Rotten Dan in Netherlands. He attended a school which was run by monks and Eventually he entered into the Augustian order. So when we say gustian order, we studied about the two Augustians One was a gustian of hippo became the bishop and he started the monastery So there was another gustian of catenburg who moved to England. So We're talking about the gustian of hippo who started a monastery and he was into he was a monk and under his order So later after complaining that he had been Pressured into joining the order. He received permission from the pope to live outside the monastery so in 1492 Erasmus became a priest. So what happened? Several years later, you went to Paris to study theology However, what happened here is he disliked the studies because of his professors use of scholastic Medieval method of studying religion So he began to focus more on his attention on the study of classical literature So eventually he left Paris and he began working as a tutor while pursuing his own studies So in 1499 he traveled with one of his pupils to England where he made lifelong friends including humanist writer Thomas Paul so seven years later Erasmus Accompanied some other student to Italy where he received a degree in theology from the University of Turin so However, the theologians who had completed the strict course of studies in Paris looked with scorn on His achievement believing his degree from Turin had little academic values So after a second stay in England Erasmus settled near Brussels That is in the present day Belgium Home to one of the codes of burgundy. So It was already known through his publication Erasmus served as an advisor to the prince who later became holy emperor of Charles Fifth Although he agreed with some of the ideas we are going to study after him We will be studying on Martin Luther. So they lived in the same period of time So although he agreed on some of the ideas that was proposed by Martin Luther and his followers, but he strongly disapproved of their efforts to break away from the Catholic Church So some people at the court accused him of supporting the Lutherans So to escape his this uneasy situation that was around him Erasmus moved to Basel Switzerland where he remained there until about 1529 AD so at that time the city formally turned the Protestants and Erasmus moved to Germany so here we see his work and thoughts We see that as a scholar of our new you know as a scholar Erasmus produced to many Written works during his career like writing only in Latin. He created essays Then letters of collection of proverbs and textbooks containing amusing stories and he advised To the princess the advice is whatever the advice is was given to the prince He started writing and then some biblical studies. He also penned books on preaching Morals religion and the value of marriage. So when when his Completed works were published in early 1700 They filled ten very large volume. So some of Erasmus Most influential work where his books on religion they he could edit and translate volume of Church fathers that shaped the Christianity in the early century and he also wrote a biography of One of them like Saint Jerome or Father Jerome He wrote the biography of him and he also produced two works criticizing the church spelling out the recommendation for reform and also we see Erasmus most important contribution was towards this Religious scholarship was his work on the Bible. He applied scripture the same critical method that many Renaissance scholars were using to edit classical manuscript and he was known for writing Many things and keeping the record of all these books Excuse me give me a minute So in the area of politics we see Erasmus promoted the goal of peace and Universal fellowship among the human being so in work such as warrants There's a book he released war and sweet to inexperience and he urged leaders to look for ways to resolve The differences without the usual of military force Erasmus also applied his this principle to conflict within the church and he recommended that Revival religious groups hold accounts to settle there the sacred. We also see Erasmus works on the education it reflects the views of many Renaissance humanist Which says on the education of the children which was released in 1529 He declared that the parents had a duty to choose teachers who would provide moral and Intellectually leadership for their children and he also disapproved the physical punishment and believed in Encouraging learners by challenging them engaging their interest and rewarding them for good behavior Yeah, with that we see Both Catholics and the Protestant attack Erasmus during the final decade of his life So the Catholics criticized this translation of the New Testament Which seemed to challenge the authority of the Bible by introducing changes in the words and in 1531 we see the professor of theology in Paris condemned Erasmus religious writing Why because a Spanish inquisition also investigated his works and eventually some of his works were banned in France Italy and Spain Meanwhile Protestants were attacking Erasmus for withdrawing his support for the Lutherans When he realized that they moment would lead to a split within the church Because he didn't wanted any such thing to happen But then his refusal to take side in the reformation debate made him unpopular with these extreme groups on both sides Still the tradition of Christian humanism that Erasmus established remained alive Especially in England and Netherlands. So we see readers of 1700s admired him for creating a theory of religious based on Reason so in 1900 we see the interest in his works revived again And we see the new edition of his writings began to appear So with that we will move on to Martin Luther who lived in the same period of time and we'll see how Martin Luther Sorry, give me a minute, please Excuse me. Thank you You're going to see study on Martin Luther and we're going to see How Martin Luther brought in the reformation So Martin Luther was born on November 10th 1483 in Islam Sak Saxony Saxony is now known as Saxony and Hult in Germany and he died in February 18th 1546 in in The same place in Germany. So he was a German theologian and a religious reformer Was the catalyst of the 16th century for Protestant reformation So through his words and actions, we see that Luther Created a moment that reformated certain basic tenets of Christian belief and Resulted in the division of the Western Christodome between the Roman Catholic and The new Protestant traditions were birthed. So many Lutherans Calvinism Anglicanism and Anna Baptist and the Tritarians So he is one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity We see that soon after Luther's birth his family moved to Germany to a small town called Mansflett some say like it is about 10 miles or 16 kilometers to the northwest and his father was Hans Luther Prospered in the local copper refining business and Became a town counselor of Mansflett in 1492 So there are few sources of information about Martin Luther's childhood apart from his Recollection as an old man. So understandably they seem to be Coloured by a certain Romantic things in his life, but we will look into his early life like his education So he was educated in a latin school in Mansflett in spring 1488 and there he received Training in latin language and he learned by route the 10th Commandments the Lord spread the Apostles Creed Okay, and we also see that morning and evening prayers went to do stand in 1497 Luther was sent to nearby Magdeburg a place called Magdeburg to attend a school operated by the brethren of the common life Lay monastic order was emphasis on Personal pity apparently exerted a lasting influence on him. Give me a minute please Yeah so In 1501 He Metriculated at the University of Erfurt at the time one of the most Distinguished universities in Germany and we see that this matriculation records described him as in you know, he was ineligible for financial aid and Indirect testimonial to the finance success of his father So Luther took the customary course in liberal arts and he received a bachelor Degree in 15.2. So three years later. He was awarded as the master's degree and He studies gave him Exposure to school last is him many years later. He spoke of Aristotle and William of Auckland as his teachers So he was been graduated as an arts faculty and Luther was eligible to pursue his graduated work in three higher disciplines like law medicine or Theology so in accordance with the wish of his father. He studied the law So in second half of 15th century He joined the Augustine order and become that had become the two divided into faction So one seeking reform in the direction of orders original strict rule and the other was favoring the Modification so the money the monastery of Luther joined in effort was part of the strict observation faction So two months after entering the monastery on September 15th in 15.05 Luther made his general confessions and was admitted into the community as a novice But Luther would not settle for Any of the routine or the existence of monk because Yes, he's from a law background and he saw how the religious practices or The rituals that was introduced in the church much later was taking more prominence in the church and that which was not Anyway relevant for the spiritual growth. So he had to stand up for certain things and that's what they say Really that you know Erasmus loaded the cannon that Luther fired it Okay, so he going through the many Teachings and you know, Erasmus was a good writer. So by now what happened is as they both have been a Scholar and a leader in the church and they are seeing certain things that were not Relevant to the Christianity or to the early church, but recently which has been practiced. So this This brought a reformation. So they stood up and they wanted to You know stand against certain practices. That was not right. So what happened? Luther posted a 99 these sees so he writes a 99 theses and he posted on the Just give me a minute. I'll just post that picture a minute, please I want to show something So sometime during the October 31st of 1517 a day before the feast of all Saints Martin Luther was about 33 years of old and he posted these Theses that he wrote on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg So the door functioned as a bulletin board for various announcements related to the academic and church face So the theses were written in Latin and he printed on a foil sheet by the printer John Cutenberg the printing press was introduced So Luther was calling a Disputation on the power and the efficacious of Indulgence out of love and zeal for truth and the desire to bring it into the light. So he decided As a faithful monk and priest who had been appointed as a professor of the biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg a small virtual unknown institution in a small town So some of the copies of these pieces were sent to the friends and the other church officials But the disputation never took place. So Albert of Brandenburg was the archbishop of Mainz sent these theses to though some of the theologians who You know judgment moved him to send copy to Rome and demand action against Luther But what happened in the early month of 1518 these theses had been Reprinted in many cities and Luther's name had become Associated with the demands of these radical change in the church and he had become front-page news. So Luther was calling for a debate on the most Neutrologic issue of his time. So we see the Relationship between the money and the religion of indulgence Because this was taking more prominent place in the church and he wants to come against it so I'd become the complex instrument for granting forgiveness of sins and You know the granting of forgiveness in the sacrament of penance was based on the power of the keys given to the apostles According to Matthew 16 18 and was used to discipline sinners penitent sinners when So many such practices which was happening in the church was not right. So Martin I mean Martin Luther came against this and The church was not very receptive to accept that from him But then Martin Luther was not a person who will be giving up on any such things But he stood his ground to make things clear and we also see during his time came against the sale of the indulgence or Forgiving sinners on the base on the offerings that they received You know, there are many other things that that 95 pieces he stood against and Yeah so We see that Luther picked out a disagreeable elderly man and he had to Once again, please We see eventually Luther was against all this and he had to move from one place to other for his protection at the same time to make a point to come against all these order and they were other other The monks and also the religious Nuns came against and they joined Luther's group So one of the problem which was confronting Luther when he returned was a question of what? to do with all the nuns who had run away from the Convent of the nunneries where they were there So some of them joined the Luther's group for the point that he was making so So the monks where the clutha and the nuns who had come would join the Luther's Luther's group. They didn't know what to do. So including to well who had been smuggled out and you know apparently they escaped from the convent and They were in the Middle Ages that they were not allowed to remain single as well So Luther worked to find a partner for all of them and we also see that History says that finally one woman was left Who was a 26 year old Katrina from? Katrina her name is Katrina was a daughter of a poor noble man And she had been sent to nunnery at a very young age probably a father could not afford to provide her To get her married so we had to send her to become a nun to a convent and when others found a partner Luther could find a partner for everyone, but She was the only person who was left. So Luther picked out a Disagreeable like an elderly man to get Katrina Married, but she refused to get married any of them And she said if I marry I'll marry either Luther or any other local bachelor a young man So Luther was 42 year old had stated many times. He wasn't going to get married But however, we Impulsively announced that he was marrying Katrina One Bora so to great surprise of his friends Luther was very fond of Katrina referring to her as my lord Cathy or My rib so in a letter he addressed to my beloved wife Katrina So later part he eventually got married to her and for a long time He was he lived as a bachelor and now he's married and this life is changed So he writes there is lot to get used to in the first year of marriage and One wakes up in the morning and finds a pair of pigtail on the pillow that was not There before and yeah, he makes some of the comments there and we see that they had been periodic unrest involving in the German peasants so over the years and conditions had been getting worse for them due to some Changes in the way the land was held. So many were inspired by Martin Luther's challenge to the authority of the church to challenge the secular power as well. So Luther was initially systematic to their struggles, but as a moment gained some of the group became very violent You know, they started looting and killing and robbing and burning monasteries and castles We also see Martin Luther wrote an appeal to the aristocrat to restore order by force So the peasants were Disorganized and poorly armed and we no match for the khanites and heavily armed soldiers So they were slaughtered by thousands and their leader Thomas Monser was beheaded. So both besides were angry with Luther the Noblemen blamed him for stirring up the people and the peasants blamed him for encouraging the nobles to use violence again them What happened? Martin Luther spent the rest of his life in Wittenberg reaching the new doctrines and creating an enormous body of written work So he wrote many books on Protestant theology Instructing books for Christian worship and living as well as hymns for congregation to sing during the service So many are still been sung even today. The most famous is a mighty fortress is our God So which can be sung in the English in Wittenberg at the castle church itself. So later we see Luther wrote and he met many other leaders of the Reformation Such as Zwingli to try and produce a Unified statement of belief for the reformed church, but nothing came out of it because they were not able to agree on Many of the doctrinal issues. So we see that the Protestantism spread Rapidly over the north in Germany. So how this Protestant moment raced It was a set of people that is Luther and the set of people protested against the Roman Catholic Church So this group was protesting against the Roman Catholic Church when known as Protestants So that's how the word came So we see that By the time Luther's at the end of his moment he established In the form of Martin Luther created like Luther had He had created this group and trying to protest again against the Some lawless these that was happening in the church and he had group of people by now joined him We're protesting the church against these rituals and other indulgence practices that was happening And they stood their ground. There were many who agreed with Luther Yeah, so So what we see here is In his writings, we see that Martin Luther mocked fellow reformers, especially Swiss reformer will rigs Zwingli and used Few vulgar languages and doing that because Yes, one Martin Luther was very aggressive in nature and he was also growing old So in fact the the sum of the Historians says that say that the older he became he became more Crankerious, so in his later years. He said some of the things that was not very pleasant Against the Jews popes and the other theological enemies the words that you know, they could not fit to print So nonetheless his last Accomplishments also mounted the translation of the Bible into Germany So which remains as a literature and a biblical hallmark for them So the the written hymns of his like we just said Mighty fortress is our God and that was also published in a larger Way, so is later years we spent often in both illness and ferocious activity So in 1531 though he was sick for six months and suffered from exhaustion But still even in that he could preach 180 sermons and he has written 50 Tracks 1 5 15 tracks worked on his Old Testament translation and he took number of trips in that so even beyond his Ability he just did a certain things because he wanted to get the right teaching away to the church so in 1546 he finally wrote out the Luther's legacy and He wrote certain things and we also see that Luthor's legacy was immense and cannot be adequately summarized So every Protestant reformer like Calvin Swingley Nox karma and every Protestant stream Lutheran reformed Anglicans and Anabaptists were inspired By Luther in one way or the other on a larger canvas His reform unleashed forces that ended the Middle Ages and ushered in the modern era So it has been said that in most library books About Martin Luther occupy more shelves than the concern with any other figure except for Jesus of Nazareth though difficulty to verify one can understand why it is like to be true So this is what all about Martin Luther Which led to the Protestant or the Lutheran group And with that we can look into the other reformers. So even could look into the other reformers I wanted the class to Be actively engaged in so I request each one to take up some of the reformers where we can We get to share about them in three minutes So let me put out the name and each one can take turn to share in the next class. Let me put out the name so So it would be an active study because there's so much to Share and talk about Let me go to the slide so that everyone can see it So class decide who will take up each person to share for three minutes in next class So we need to have a read up and share on them I Just give us but on notes. I'm on page 42 Maybe we can take five minutes three minutes would be too less to share on them Okay You want to three four five six? Because we can put a seven Which 46 so yeah, is there anyone in the class? Who I've decided Everyone will get a turn. Okay, everyone will get their turn So if you can choose a person volunteers and I can put your name against it and next class we can Talk about them. So please pick the person about whom you want to talk for five minutes And yes, these will be graded Okay Okay Okay, let me put that okay anyone else anyone else from the class if you can pick the reformers Okay Let me check Rosalind We're not able to hear you You can type Anyone from the class Lubica, okay, I can see everyone typing here. Okay Rosalind is John Knox Rosalind and then I see Anita Zurich then we have John Okay, somebody for John Calvin. Is there anyone and The Anabaptist group Okay, I can try John Kelvin class John Kelvin. Why is that we're not able to hear you? I Can try John Kelvin Calvin or somebody take it already So we are left with Anna Baptist. Okay, John Calvin anyone for Anna Baptist Okay, Lou Baker's doing Anna Baptist. Okay, great. Okay. Here we go. So next week Accordingly, we can go and share about each reformers for about five minutes and we can learn about them Okay, so with that we will end the session with the word of prayer and we go ahead with the next class Okay, thank you confirming So what we can do is we can also make a presentation and share about the birth the place About the early life and about the work that they did and how it affected how the reformation happened Okay, so with that we'll end this session with the word of prayer Dear God, we thank you For leading us and guiding us. Thank you that as we study about the reformers about the leaders We pray that Lord you will reform us Lord. You will revive us or father You will lead us to do greater things for you Lord You will help us to do the things beyond the ability beyond our strength Lord. Thank you Lord Thank you Holy Spirit of God I pray that you will lead us and guide us and strengthen us in every area of our life Thank you father in Jesus most precious name we pray amen. Amen. Thank you so much. God bless. See y'all in the next class Thank you