 One way to think this through is to think about other sentient beings else are in the universe. Another way to think it through is imagine just we successfully colonize and terraform Mars and there's a population of humans living on Mars. Now suppose you then discover that the people on the earth are significantly better off or significantly worse off than the people on the other planet. Now we ordinarily think that we have these obligations of distributive justice that obtain within communities and many of us think that we have these same obligations of distributive justice that obtain across the earth as a whole so we have you know we have duties to help the global poor those of us who are in rich countries and should be doing a considerable amount more than we do but is there a sense in which our obligations might be terrestrially bounded in the sense that if there are if there is another community on Mars and they're suffering and they're not as well off as people on earth and it's through no fault of the people on earth would we have an obligation to help them and the same would be true if they were sentient beings who met the same kind of level of rational capacity as us and they needed our assistance would they would we have obligations to to aid them and again it forces you to think so in this sense it's not so much about whether our obligations are sort of contingently based or sort of founded in fundamental facts about us it's more about whether there are there are more significant associations that we form and connections that we have to one another now obviously we think you know within your family say you might think that you obviously have greater obligations to help the people in your family than you do people who aren't in your family you might extend that and think the same is true for people within your within your nation and then the question is is the same true for people on your planet think about the difference between you know some random member of your family a random member of your family and a random member of the species of the human species on on earth you have these intimate ties to anybody in your family and you don't have those sorts of ties to any random earthling but it's an interesting and open question I mean I would imagine that in the scenario where there were a conflict for resources between people on earth and some other people elsewhere people on earth would band together and club together and say well no you know we we we want to put earthlings first right make earth great again it would be that sort of view and there would be a question there as there is in within nation states as to whether that would end up being a parochial view or whether it's one that we could ultimately defend