 Let there be light and a lot of lights are here So I'm quite sure that everybody who is here is also a light magic or at least light Fascinated and it was a pleasure for me to read the descriptions of these two people here who are holding the next talk Because he wrote Obsessed with everything that creates light noise Motion and smoke and if you are going through the camp in the night, you see it's like a big trippy Surrounding where every nerd feels very likely at home So give a warm welcome to our next two speakers Tim Becker and Matthias Krau Okay, yeah, thanks all for the welcome. Thanks for the introduction. I'm Tim. This is Matthias We have to start off with the disclaimer if you're hoping for like the exciting blinky Colorful light sharks with frickin laser beams on their heads. This is a boring lights only talk This is about sort of like office illumination solid Boring lighting and we have appropriately ugly slides And we're gonna start with sort of the way that you do things a little bit about us. We're a press every key We do embedded hardware very eclectic projects everything from working on With with interactive artists on on stage setups to working with banks with chip cards in this year Or last year in this year. We had a lot of light projects a light with a little photo cubes to do product photography human-centric light light setups and a Dahli protocol implementation for very high like precision museum lighting that have that are very precise in color and all of these sort of things about LED lighting we learned a lot about LED lighting and we kind of created our our own Started creating our own LED lightings and we kind of wanted to share the things that were hard to learn and the things that are obvious to people are in the business and If you're interested in designing lamps and lights, this is sort of the the talk for you I don't know how much do you send you any of you have anything to do with lighting like an industrial desktop lighting lamps, okay? so With as with most technology there's drivers like you know defense industry in space with lighting that was more or less you be bureaucracy driving driving innovation and lighting in the last couple of years this Regulation 244 2009 is the thing that caused Normal incandescent lights to become obsolete five years ago in 2012 and people really hated that because the replacement were the CFLs Which is compact fluorescent light bulbs? The stuff that you would commonly known as shitty energy saver bulbs the stuff that like take a long time to turn on and People are trying to and they make shitty light They contain mercury and people were really just against using those and there's still this was from a week ago in Berlin People are still selling like rest rest of Normal light bulbs because people really want to have them Or people tried to sell them as heat globes and things like that And it took a while That because CFLs suck halogen also is also going to be illegal or won't be sold from next year on LEDs weren't really there yet because they're expensive and for a very long time You couldn't really produce technically couldn't really produce white light with them But they are becoming more and more More and more viable as an alternative there's this thing called hates law Or you can see that in this on the one hand. There's a trend of LED white LEDs being able to produce more lights exponentially and and at the same time just getting cheaper and cheaper and if you measure it as light per watts So in 2012 normal light bulbs were Outlawed and all of the sudden people were confronted for the first time for what it means to have really shitty lights and that spawned a new trend in sort of the lighting industry, which is human-centric lighting and this is really like if you go to light Conferences or something that's That's what it's all about That's what all the big manufacturers of lamps are pushing now and if you look at this Google trend line It starts basically when when normal when incandescent lamps become obsolete Of course, it's not a new thing, right? I mean this efflux thing a lot of people have that here that changes the color temperature of your light and is supposed to help your sleep cycle That's human-centric. Obviously, there's I mean light is the biggest technical intervention in the normal state of things So it really it messes with your physiognomy whatever but it You know it has an effect on your sleep and light cycle. It's it's used as therapy for depression. There's This is it's not a new or esoteric thing that light can have can influence your well-being So for that for the remainder of the talk, we're going to go into a little bit of LED technology how to choose LEDs the pros and cons of LEDs and then go over to the sort of measures and Color rendition color temperature things like that explain a little bit of how to read a data sheet and what these things mean because it's a little bit of abstract and Then we'll talk a little bit about protocols and then we'll demo our our lighting solution. So we'll start off with the With the LEDs. These aren't typically the sort of LED that you would use in in lighting We just had it as a because Japanese writing is always funny Well, so LEDs have a number of Advantages and disadvantages can dealing with compared to incandescent lights So in the main thing they are much much more efficient So with the same amount of energy you can just produce much much more light They don't produce they don't convert nearly as much energy to heat they do produce some heat and which is problematic on the con side because They tend to degrade themselves if the hotter they get the more Their quality degrades They have a much longer life than normal incandescence or even fluorescence And that's not just in total hours of operations But like a normal light bulb when you turn it on and off the cycling really physically affects it and causes it to break down LEDs basically this number of cycles isn't Isn't it all problematic, but with time They they get less bright Which normal lighting Tends not to have as much and the color that they produce changes So if you change one light bulb out of several it will look completely different because the other ones have already degraded and they're not bright anymore Compared to especially compared to the complex fluorescence They're a lot less Harmful, there's no mercury in them. There's no glass typically when they break And they're operated at a lower voltage, but there are some new Harmful possibilities there There's something called blue light hazard which which previously was never really a Thing because normal lights when they produce blue will also produce a lot of ultraviolet light The sort of damage ultraviolet light causes to your eyes is a lot more extreme than what blue light causes but LEDs can cause can can create very pure blue light Which also causes the retina to degrade in a way And that's something that never happened before because you could never really isolate blue light like that They're very fickle in the production process So if you if you create a dye of LEDs in the factory depending on where they are on the dye They'll behave differently so they so even one batch of LEDs will have different colors And you have to be very precise in in picking the hardware Cost we said is going down But there's still This is not only the cost of the device itself, but usually LEDs require something around them some some troll some controlling some cooling Like a circuit around them which makes them Inherently more expensive than any solution that it's just a while glowing wire Well, that was already a current control and I think you're this is your start. Yeah, anyway You know, yeah Who of you is into hardware it's like doing electronic electronics engineering has read data sheets stuff like that. Okay So that's We want to look into a data sheet often LED. It's actually the LED that we're using Them and these data sheets are amazing like for every electronic component You get very very detailed descriptions of how their characteristics are And this is the typical thing that you have on every almost every electronic device every chronic component The absolute maximum ratings is like there's some maximum current that you can can shoot through these LEDs If you shoot if you do it continuously more than 180 milliamps is gonna die at some point There's a small pulse. You can give it some something slightly more slightly more power for a short period of time and there's a maximum power that it can well can handle If you exceed one of those in the list, it's gonna probably gonna gonna Not be in the safe area more and you have operating temperature. So Surrounding temperature is 85 degrees That sounds like a lot But it's actually if it's if the lamp is and then closure and there's heat around it and like like a warm environment And you don't have possibilities to call it. It's actually not that far There's a storage temperature, so yep There's all a thermal resistance for power components that that tells you How it behaves like like how much warmer the device will get them the the environment and you have to have to reduce this Thermal resistance in order to get the heat out of the device Which is for this LED is not a critical issue. This is the mid power LED for higher high power LEDs You need to well need to do terrible things to go or slightly slight a bit more effort to get them into a range where they don't destroy themselves and Yeah, and there's there's usually Range of how to solder them and what's the maximum temperature even these are the absolute maximum ratings Even with the max temperature die temperature of 150 degrees. You're gonna degrade that the LED It's not gonna die immediately, but it's not it's be it's going to be worse And these are the typical things that you see for an LED. Hopefully see for an LED in a in a datasheet There's something called luminous flux. We're gonna enter gonna see what's that in the second You see the forward world which which is quite a lot So you cannot control them with you can just simply take a voltage and put put it into them Like some of them will not light up at all and some will just die because it's too much for them So you need to take the current that was shown in the last in the last page There's usually a viewing angle LEDs are typically or they're inherently directional, which means There's a range of 120 degrees and at the front There's the maximum light intensity going out and at these sides at 60 degrees left and right there's gonna be half of that intensity and Reverse current just says this is it is a diode, but it's a terrible diode. Don't take it as a diode So for me all of these like luminous flux Those are all these weird very abstract things that like the previous slide temperature Voltage those are things I can relate to but luminous flux color rendering index where things were for me or just Don't really understand. So we're gonna go into some of those There's one more thing that I'm that's not on here, which is the color temperature That's because it's tight. It's in the title of the document One thing to mention is some LEDs are There are some units of of B of sort of brightness or light amount and they're often confused so Get sure let's get shortly over this Lumens is like there's this is the LED and emits light and the total amount of light that goes out like the Some of it. That's the luminous flux and it's the unit is lumens And that's by the way the important thing that you need to look for if you're choosing an LED There are some LEDs that are just called super bright. It's like if you look for an eBay like super bright LEDs Means nothing and there's candela, which is the amount of light going into a certain direction this It's nothing to do with the amount of light if it just means that is narrowly focused So if you have a flashlight and focus it further, you will increase the candela, but not the lumens So it just means it's directed and like bad LEDs have this this thing because it sounds better But it's usually usually worth this and that there's luminance, which is the amount of light that hits a certain area And that's something you measure like the brightness here that I'm standing on That's about maybe a thousand lumens Maybe a thousand lux and down there. There's a hundred lux something at this But it's it's rather the brightness off a room or a situation and not a brightness of light emitter So lux is the unit that you use to see how bright your desk your work environment should be Candela is to see how well your How well your spotlight is working and and lumen is what we want by the way this is wrong This should be lumens per square meter. Ah, fuck. I didn't yeah, doesn't matter. Okay, um, right? Yeah, make sure Unfortunate I made it not that easy. Um, there's some there's like Amount of light and there's the perceived brightness We judge our brightness on and the relation is not linear So if you have a light with say 10 lumens and another light with 20 lumens You wouldn't judge this 20 lumens light to be double as bright in fact This is an exponential curve and this makes it far more difficult to build dimmable LED systems Because in order to to get that the lower and smooth You need a white dynamic range and this is just because our human perception is made for white brightness ranges like from the night Where there's less than one lux to sunlight where there's about one million lux So we have to cope with it some just to illustrate that Black circle white circle This should be the thing around it should be perceived as medium gray. I don't know how it's in the in the presentation now In fact medium gray is only 18 percent of the light that emits from here So we need to have a very high dimming range which makes electronics and control more difficult That was the first unit brightness Something that many people still know is color temperature. Yeah, you probably seen cold white LEDs and warm white LEDs and this is measured in That a blowing black idealized body would Which is very theoretical just like at this line it's like And high value it which is that's the higher temperature and that This is the way the black body clothes Okay, so I take this one better. Yeah By the way, where we added this is the Cie uniform color system And that's something we're gonna see and this is don't take the colors seriously Actually, what we see is just this range. That's the full spectrum. We see this shows all the colors that we That that can be produced at like at this at this Surrounding the the intensest color is like the only one wavelength of spectrum and like this is the mixed color and this is like The blow line is like from the violet is just a mixture of blue and red which is not synthesizable I think one of the things that for me is really confusing is the theoretical black body that I was already sounds kind of like science fiction, but basically there's a concrete black body, which is a Normal light bulb so and and this these are actually the colors if you heat metal up to these temperatures in Kelvin That's more or less the glow that they that they would have there It's not exactly that but it's very close to this. So like they the tungsten in incandescent light bulbs And seven hundred like around here, and it's a yellowish It's a yellowish light and that's because the tungsten inside. It's just that temperature now Okay, and all of these all of these units are set up around that they're from so the CIE thing is from 1931 And they just a lot of this is just arbitrary things that they determined it through experimentation at that time One more thing about this These are the This is what not work anyway, okay Like a like a colors in in our perception But Mac Adam showed that Is Has various Abilities to distinguish between colors. So in this like this is like it's enlarged But this is a range where we are in the green area or cannot distinguish colors good Keep the ellipses are small where we can distinguish different colors really well and you see that the the Goes through an area where we well able to distinguish between colors So we have to be careful and we have to be very precise on that This is not absolute. We're not good at judging difference in absolute ways But in relative terms like if you compare to each other Which is problematic for the degradation and for the next Slide basically for for that that they're not very LEDs aren't very precise. So there's two that are slightly off. You notice it So in the data sheets of goods LEDs, you will see this This is how the manufacturer just been like tested each and every LED and measured each and every of those and put Them into different bins so they can order just lights from this area Which are here up now. You cannot read it. These are the coordinates on the color system that we show just saw so you basically you at least you get some similar colors which is important and Yeah, you can you can see like that all the auto codes and like their pages pages of different variants for those LEDs Yep Okay, this is this was just like and then we should say okay We have how bright it is and we have the color temperature. What else should there be in fact? It's not unfortunately. It's not that easy These are because the the LEDs don't emit like white light like an even amount of Frequencies, but actually very uneven you can see like those are different curves For this whole LED which has a lot of light in it I'm basically all the white LEDs are just blue LEDs With some phosphorous on them to convert the blue light to white light which moves part of this energy to a longer wavelength and Depending on the on the chemics of the on the chemistry of the of the phosphorous layer You can achieve different color impressions So this is the medium. This is 6,500. This is 4,000 Kelvin and this is 2,700 which is a warm white but If this is uneven this can interact with how we perceive objects illuminated by the light and this is something If you have Say say a light bulb in your near cellar somewhere in your storage room They usually have a very bad color rendition like everything looks sort of where the colors don't look brilliant And it's like not a nice light and like the compact the energy saving lights They also had not a very good color rendition Typically, and that's why people didn't like the type of light. They couldn't express why but it like it looks a little weird Yeah, and this is an example like this gets us to the CRI the color rendering index I don't know if this can be seen. Yeah, this is a good display. Okay. Okay Look at the blue crayon Those are two different lights with the same color rendering indexes even And with the same color temperature But the results how objects look in this are completely different and this is this is like what this year I have wants to say even though they're they're equal. It doesn't mean that the lights are equal, but they're equally bad and CRI is one of the most voodoo and arbitrary Metrics in all of this so basically CRI of 70 is already pretty bad We'll get into it a hundred is perfect. That's really beautiful light But so these are pretty bad lights, but they're bad in very different ways this blue and this blue are just completely off But it's the same picture and it's very very random and so how CRI is done like how is this measured we have a set of Arbitrary chosen colors down here and actually it's only taken the very basic version It's just taken until this point those eight not really set into colors And the idea is like what would happen if we illuminate this with a perfect light and with our light whether we want to measure and How how far are they apart? That's them the the basic idea of the measure later on There were some colors at it. Sometimes they use it sometimes not so it's not completely comparable and The idea behind or the reason behind this is that this thing comes out like from hundred years ago and hasn't been changed Since then this is the the months of color system. This is like the colors are taken from them It's just an arbitrary choice. They said look those are nice colors. Let's use them they don't even mean something in realistic settings and even the the reference light which would be perfect is It's not just our arbitrary It's also culturally insensitive because it tries to reproduce noonday light in Western Europe. So You know if you're from somewhere else, that's not the typical light that you might have Okay, what happens? Let's try I try to explain this. This is an experiment. I don't know if it's understandable or not This is the emission curve of the LED that the midline mid-white LED that we've just seen which is this is color spectrum form far blue to far red And this is like the distribution of light that comes out of this source This is a material. This is actually purple It's called a remission line every color itself has also Specifics on how each individual wavelength is Re-emitted or absorbed depending on the color and there are some like this is like not even sharp curve But there's some some colors with like like high peaks on this and like they take they're they're different But the purplish color reflects a lot of the reds and purples and it sucks up the The other in between and the blues. They're slightly more like it's a reddish purple So what you do is you multiply this curve to see which is the energy coming out of a light and you multiply it with this Which gives you the amount of energy that is remain that remains after After it it was well it lit the the object And these curves down at the bottom are well like approximations of our perception of colors we have three different types of color sensors in our eyes and These approximate those like they're the red type of green time blue time and you well You might apply this with that and then say with the red curve Which gives you and then you look at how much you integrated? And which gives you a number like which is the amount that how much was our red where our red? Sensors triggered you repeat that with green and blue which gives us a color triple Or just a triple there. They're not in the CIA. They look called red green blue. They're just called XYZ And then you convert it into a point it off our chart, which is the Sometimes like you have to well do some color correction on that And we know from from measuring with the ideal one like it should be here Which gives us a difference and this is the amount of error And you repeat that for all eight test cars or 10 colors test colors How much depends on that and you just do you just average them? Which is the average badness of the light? And then you say you just assign it like you just arbitrary scale it and subtract it from 100 Because we said 100 is the best The scale is Yes, arbitrary. It's like when they started in the 50s 60s They said like a fluorescent light should be around 50 and no one really cared about this But I think the thing to remember is it is arbitrary and what you think is if 100 is perfect at the percentages But it has nothing to do with percentages. It's just a hundred minus The average distance from what it's supposed to be to what it actually is that's The next slide the summary So it's like yeah, we take F8. Well arbitrary chosen test colors. They're they're not even good We average them and Like the color choice is arbitrary the the method like they're taking the arithmetic Median of that is arbitrary and the scale is also arbitrary. So it's like, yeah, it's just a number It works quite well for most sources But it's for example, it's possible to build a CRI like 95 lamb that works nice for the test colors But works terrible for all other colors. It's possible And there are meanwhile, they're better alternatives. I'm not going to go into details They usually take better colors and take a bit better calculation for them or a better measuring method So this is the worst thing it comes from the 1950s something It's so it's the worst thing that we that we that could be there But it's usually the only value that you get and so if you don't want to start your own Spectrometric measuring you have to live with it and actually if you're not a total light nerd or a total math nerd And you want to understand how this works basically what you need to remember is you want above 90 or good solid LEDs yeah above 95 or towards 98 you probably wouldn't be able to force them anymore. It's it's that's excellent 80 is the actual requirement for office illumination Europe and like like the sodium lamps that you see on the streets yellow Which ones they have minus 44. That's about the worst light you can get Okay Yeah, okay Yeah, just very short. No, we skip it It's kept it we wanted to think about like what is good light and there are many many many different gold stuff we have and We just have to pick some we come to that back later What we're So so now we've picked the LEDs We're not going to go into the circuitry around actually driving the LEDs But we basically need from the outside we need to connect our switch our lighting system our home automation system to Our light bulb to be able to control it It's a you it's just a tower of Babel of different standards at the moment. There's lots of stuff coming around We're talking about mainly we're going to talk about mainly the last mile What's spoken from some sort of control unit to the light bulb? and we picked Three protocols to we implemented on the on the hardware we're going to demo and one for some reason we put it in the introduction So we'll just go Gloss over it quickly Which is Zigbee which was always the thing like the wireless standard for home automation But we've kind of found that nobody really uses this nobody really cares about it or at least we don't and we haven't really found a lot of People still using it mainly because phones don't really have a Zigbee radio in it There's still like the one thing that that that defines automated lighting nowadays is the Philips you and that Speak Zigbee, but nobody really speaks Zigbee with it I mean most people will just have a bridge device that that speaks Zigbee internally and If you want to deal with those devices you would it's just a rest API that you're using so it's not really that that interesting the second protocol that We're looking at and one that were a little bit more in-depth and that were that we can create and that we can deal with is I can't really see a DMX 512 That's traditionally used for the sort of effect lighting you see around here for stage lighting for discos and things like that But it's being now that lights are written in office lights and home lights are becoming more than just dimmable It's also being used for more intelligent controls and controlling color temperatures And it's basically it's called DMX 512 because it's basically always just one string of 513 bytes There's one start byte and then they are just 512 Bites that define the state of the universe and what the universe is depends on how you set up the universe So if you have a bunch of RGB lights those 512 bytes the first three might be the RG and B bytes for the for that lamp And the next three will be the RG and B for that lamp if you have a smoke machine Hooked up to your To your DMX net The fourth byte might then be the power of the fan for the smoke machine It's up to the machine to decide when it's hooked up. There's just one thing missing in this graph Like they go continuously over over the line, which is just the hours 45 line Before this in order to say this is the start of a new frame There's a long break like the long zero period of that just basically violates the receiver So it knows that now it's gonna repeat from the beginning again, and then it goes over and over and over And so basically for the lamp to know which of those 512 slot it gets you have in Germany You say my Zeclavia so a mouse keyboard you usually have dip switches on on the lights and they say well your slot so-and-so and they have Re-engineered a backwards compatible thing into that which is called RDM remote device management, which they Advertises faster than a ladder so you don't have to climb up and change the dip switches to to reconfigure the lights You have a back channel where you can assign Addresses to two devices and you can also query their status, which is nice You can see if a light bulb is broken and things like that and you need that for office lighting as well The other protocol that we're dealing with And this is one of the implementations that we did this year's by the way has anyone ever heard of Dolly before Okay, almost everybody. Okay. Is that why you're here? Okay, no, it's a really really boring protocol in comparison to this. It's a very German protocol. There's thousands of pages of ISO Documentation that really define it into the into the smallest details and it just basically it's just redimming and turning on and off Lights so there's three main section for it one-on-one system with ISO specs if there's like a system overview spec Don't buy that. That's just the it's the electrical all like the voltage levels and stuff like that It's like nobody can read that up on Wikipedia. Yeah There's control gear and devices so one is the switch side and one is the one is the light bulb side we're concerned with the light bulb Dolly is always not five hundred and twelve or five hundred and thirteen bytes It's always two bytes and it's extremely slow. Can we turn them? No, I can't right? The base command is DAPC direct arc power control so it's from a different time where you saw had light arcs Where basically in the first byte You would have an address for a device or a group of devices And if the last bit of the address isn't set then the second byte is just a dimming level from zero to 254 That's the only command that has both an address and a value like all the others just have one of them Yeah for all of the other devices. So so these are starting with really basic basic commands You can turn a specific device or a group of devices off. You can turn it You can make it brighter. You can Turn it to its maximum level minimum level. There's lots of these weird little subtle commands This table just goes on and on for all of the the bytes basically There are a bunch of these Sort of commands that assign the different lights to two groups You can do scenes because you only have two bytes and it's very slow You tried to configure the whole system ahead of time. So you would say this is a Theater and after the after the show All of the lights will slowly fade up. So you want to configure that and just say okay go to this scene Which will be light slowly fading up Finally, there's a bunch of special commands Those aren't addressed to any specific devices or groups, but they're set to the entire bus So every there they're sort of broadcast commands So all of these 200 and over 250 commands have to be implemented by any dolly device and they're very subtle and very strange and it's It's hard to understand what some of them are for that's not even color. That's just brightness 250 commands just for setting a brightness of a lamp and then there's a bunch of further ISO specs which deal with either Other lighting technologies that need that have specific requirements for them or they deal with Specific types of lamps for example that you want to be able to control like the the emergency exit signs Those are those require a different set of commands what we're What we were dealing with is obviously in the bottom DT nut DT 8 Which is color control so you can set so you can precisely set the color of a of a light So typically it's two bytes, but for example just to get a rough feeling of what dolly feels like If we want to set a light bulb to 4,000 Kelvin Dolly doesn't work in Kelvin it works in micro reciprocal degrees, so it's 1 million divided by Kelvin So we want to set it to 250 We have 16 bit resolution in the color, so we will want to set it to zero zero f a that would be the the bytes that we want to set it to because Each command is only two bytes long. It's gonna be hard to send two bytes because So dolly has these things called data transfer registers So we set the first bite into the first data transfer register in the second bite into the second data transfer register And so these are broadcast Commands and they get sent to every single light that's attached Changing the light temperature has nothing to do with standard dolly So we have to enable the device type 8 which has to do with color control and just for good measure You have to do that twice so you don't enable color control accidentally And finally This is the sort of standard type of command We just put two stars there because then you would tell a specific device at the address To change to the color control and it's it's a change to the color temperature in its two registers And this will also set the current color space off the device to Calibrated color temperature. We'll hurry up and we'll do just a quick overview of dolly versus DMX Both of them are on the board dolly is a super old-school protocol. DMX is a super old-school protocol They're very established. They've been around for a long time. They're pretty solid DMX is fairly slow compared to like the Wi-Fi that we have here, but dolly is just incredibly slow I mean, this is like slow in the late 80s already DMX has some it's RS 485 so you'll typically have some kind of your on your device that can that can speak that it's in a daisy chain Configuration you wanted a hundred. Yes, like it has to be a penis controlled and terminated and stuff like that That's because of well the wires are relatively long in comparison to the bit rate Dolly doesn't have that problem so slow that you can have hook up long like like coat hangers It doesn't matter which configuration you can just choose an arbitrary topology doesn't matter and you can have start topology mix with Daisy chains mix with whatever anything just kind of works You can also put mains power into dolly if you do that by accident Dolly has to be able to deal with it. So it's electrician proof and things like that DMX is five hundred and 12 bytes that keep getting rebroadcast and and that represent the state of the world Dolly is two bytes which have a specific meaning The meaning of the five hundred and twelve bytes depend on depends on the devices in the world Both have a back channel one is an add-on one is more for fixed installation One was intended for slow lights and the main sort of back Differences DMX has a smart controller. You'll have a big light setup Dolly has smart devices and they maintain the states So we have one of those devices that we built and Matthias is gonna show and demo that it's We call it a turbo light 3000 because it's better than the two like two thousand Yes, it's basically as a device. We didn't know which protocol to implement We were always like like annoyed by it like having stick being stuck to one universe So we built one device that has speaks multiple protocols and basically this is the control board This is like in the background. You can see this a modular structure You can hook up any sort of electronic LED loads and those are the modules we you can just chain them together as long as you want so this one It's pretty straightforward. I like I guess you cannot see anything. I just go over this. There's there's a power section There's an ESP 32 That is basically the module that you see here on your badge same thing which gives us Wi-Fi and Bluetooth and Bluetooth Ali and And a nice processor This is like the programming section, which is also on on the board like this is pretty standard This is the interface for DMX. It's just a RS for 85 receiver or trans transceiver Which is the standard chip you get that ready made so it's yeah one chip The only well say interesting part is the Dali physical layer because Dali and Yeah, but maybe someone will understand it the main thing is that Dali is physically isolated So these are optical isolators the the Dali circuit and the outside world are separated because it's because it can This thing could be accidentally hooked to mains voltage and this would break everything else So it's isolated Dali Basically has just two wires and it doesn't matter which direction you put them in so you have this bridge rectifier Which the source the positive and the negative side of this The but Dali bus does not work alone. There's an external power supply That gives us around 16 volts on the bus and the devices communicate by just shorting that bus to zero And the power supply is is is part is limited is current limited so it doesn't burn when you do that and that way everyone can just talk and You see this is like a this is a MOSFET this just shorts This line to this line and when it closes down like it's shorted So this is obviously the send part like the transmission comes in is Isolated here and goes through this one which can short those two wires and this is basically We're allowed when we're not shorting into ground We're allowed one milliamp to draw one milliamp to power our circuitry and we use that so this this thing is like It's a reference voltage. This is just a current mirror just to all the all the all the purpose of this is just to take Just take one milliamp from here and send it through this LED which will give us the indication of that the level is high and When there's no voltage obviously the LED cannot burn So that's basically the how most of the Dali transceiver circuits are made You if you wonder why these three resistors in case you put mains to it There's going to be a lot of energy and we need to get rid of the heat and that's why we just put in three resistors I think for the people who aren't total like Connix nerd these They won't know this these opto couplers are the thing that isolates the mains power from from the from the actual Circuitry and these are actually little packages which we can show you on the board and they contain an LED and when there's a signal on here this LED will go on it's inside of the package and there's a light sensor on the other side So there's actually no electrical connection. There's just a light transmission in between there and all of that's a little package And that's actually pretty neat Component electricity light electricity. There's no metal connection between the two sides Okay For the light board we're not gonna show We're not gonna show this the schematics like the circuit But the board maybe you can see that like this is the all the circuit that we have and it's based on a boost converter that converts We have 24 12 to 24 volts that come in and this one converts it up to around 60 volts that is there to power two strings of Of 12 LEDs each and they you can see they wind around like this was goes zigzag zigzag zigzag Around it winds in and like there are two large string of LEDs one with cold light cold LEDs and one with warm LEDs and what you can see also see is like Everything is like a copper area here And this is just to get out the heat of the of the LEDs They each of them Produces around half a watt of energy and so we spread it to copper which is a good light a good good heat conductor so we can just Take this as a radiator and radiate it out and it's like this spreads also to the other side And so we spread even more energy and we don't need a cooling body stuck to the back of the modules And we can see that we cheated we actually cheated a bit like we want to have a tunable white lamp that can range from 2,700 which is our warm white LED to 6500 which is a cold white LED And we're well in order to do that correctly We would have to move around this arc, but we don't like we just interpolate between those two Which gives us like sort of a bit of deviation here That's basically what many manufacturers do in order to really follow the curve You need more primary colors to mix from which makes everything more Expensive and more effort and we were lazy, but it's kind of interesting to see that it's really this Stupid you just sort of it's a linear mixing of coal if you have one LED that's here One LED of this temperature you just mix those linearly and you get something along a straight line It doesn't it's not it's not as complicated as this whole color temperature thing as you just sort of average the two Yeah, so we're gonna finally do a demo of that This is not not really exciting stress an LED lighting up But this about the most complex way you can just both turn an LED on I will slowly dim it up because it's not Just also the huh so you can see these are the the panels with the LEDs right now You can see the the cold and the warm lights This is a dolly controller. That's something you can buy off-shelf and put into your room I think like we said there's two power supplies So there's this power supply which actually produces the power for the for the lighting So it's a bigger power supply and this is the one that provides the power dotty power supply Which is that gets also an off-shelf device and this is the control board in the middle of everything and a pretty terrible setup And we can just turn it more up Or just go up all the way and this is This is actually limited right now for development purposes to have of the power that it can give Just that we don't destroy our modules and then you can turn the Turn from warm white to to bright white. We didn't do We didn't do like the optics in front of them We will that that's supposed to mix the colors in between and then you would just see an even Surface and we move them like like this so you can see it what's going to happen one one last thing That's what Dali is nice for I dim it a bit down Dali is since it's for for permanent installations It has sort of failure modes it can report when the lamps are broken We have a back channel that reports that something's wrong with this module and you can for example have settings What happens if the light control falls doesn't work anymore like the let's say you have a Staircase light that shouldn't be off and you cannot turn it on so you can have a default level What happens when the bus fails and it should detect that and go to full power and that was it So thank you very much for your attention and if we want to have questions we're around if you want to have a look So please go to the microphone when there are any questions There's also the people in the stream can hear it So have you played with art net and OSC? We have done OSC but not in relation with this lighting project yet That would be something like That you could probably do with a Wi-Fi connection on this So we did a lot of work with the MIDI and that was always that's usually the question that comes always Why don't you do OSC? And so OSC would also be like oh, yeah two bytes of dolly or like the first two bytes of an XML document So we're not and huge fans. No OSC can do a lot lots of things But it's a lot of work. It's a complex protocol can do many things and these are so trivial The protocols are so simple that things tend to work out of the box, which is very nice Hey, you just inspired two more questions. Can you do RGB over dolly? Yes, you can actually there are four different color spaces One is like just the controlled color temperature The second one is the coordinates in the Cie that in the graph that I just showed so you can represent every color And there are two that have up to six channels of different primary colors And you can support either of them although There are not many controllers on the market that can actually control it and there's not a lot of lamps that can actually display those colors Okay, and what about wireless dolly? Is there something like that? Well, we had this sort of Where was it here with the logos which sort of surprised us because that just showed up There probably will be something like that And it probably like the next generation of dolly won't be as nice as it was or it's reduced as it was But we don't know if there's no it's currently not there's something happening at dolly It's like it was it was still for about five years and then within the last year I think there were two or three revisions of standard which is pretty annoying if you have to buy it again and again But there is this question about moving from taking the protocol and moving it to another physical layer like wireless Yeah, okay. Thank you Thank you. Next question One of the problems with lead if you have only one color is that we used to the old school Lighting bulbs that when you dim you get warmer light and with a lead you get a grayish Vision because the the level of the light goes down and then we do not see enough color In your device, do you bring up warm light when you dim the light to? Get opposite of that effect that would be the next step like right now we have In effect, this is one of the things where you can do it that you can do with this because you can't reduce well bright light and And dim light and warm light and cold light and you just have to find a way that like saying if it's dim It should be warm and if it's brighter. It should be colder the light That's something that we intend to do in the firmware There are some manufacturers that already do this is called like sunset or dynamic dimming or something like that Dimming over red or giving more reds when you dim right which will make it like it will simulate the the behavior of Traditional lamp and they only expose one one channel like the brightness channel that you didn't and they Automatically know that they should go to warmer colors when they're dimmed and that's something that we should do in the in the firmware So when traditional and contestants got dimmed the actual temperature of the tungsten got colder So the color the color temperature got warmer and you simulate that by by changing it when you Yeah, but that's something that's gonna gonna emerge sooner or later And some manufacturers have it and there's something also something we want to do for this. Okay. Thank you How do you connect can you use any led strip with it With your controller, can you hook up led strips? Any or is it special? The typical that strips basically you well, you would need some sort of adapter We're not into the the led strip thing too much because well, they're fancy and you can do many many colors But they are usually at the CRI level of 70 and below And they don't up we didn't go into the gold sting They usually like the typical new pixel that you have on the batch something like this They typically have terrible dimming behavior late. They only have 8-bit dimming so you cannot go below 5% So they're they're nice for effect lighting, but they're not so good for reading room illumination. We bought a tunable white lamp at the office to play around to see if you like it and Can we hook up your controller with it? basically Yeah, there's there are extension ports you could just put it like that But then you could take whatever other controller you want Yeah, it could be possible that do you have information on on the quality of the of the of the light strip that you have? I would be interested maybe we can discuss later on. Yeah, well, for example, if you have like a dialy system in your office That could hook up to this The controller would need sort of a driver for your specific led on there But it's a general purpose controller so it would be able to if it just needs to send out a stream of like like the RGB light strips where you just sort of push out a stream of bits you could write a back-end or a driver for that specific Hardware, yeah, by the way, it's that are these individually addressable are these overall like one color strips Well the lamp specifically has multiple strips on the top and on the bottom and I think it's two strips One for brightness and one to mix in some yeah General warmth stuff. Okay. Let's discuss that later. I would love to play around with one of these things on it Next question, please In terms of protocols, I wonder do you have you looked at Bluetooth low energy? What future does it have? No one actually knows I guess there's that there's a battle going on between different low energy RF modes to control lighting or to get like the smart home leading in that area We have done quite a couple of Bluetooth low energy projects not in in relation with light yet And no one really knows where the path is going to be But that was one of the reasons why we chose the ESP 32 like that the controller module because it also has Bluetooth elite And it's it's a blue city. I personally like it And so we we want that to win but generally on the market with Bluetooth 5 people who are using Bluetooth There's a mesh mode, so that's a lot more appropriate for lamps as well that they can talk to each other as well And not just with the host Right, so it's it's a it's a thing that is coming up in the market whether that will survive But I think it's more viable than Zigbee Next question, please The DMX I believe it's a little arbitrary the amount the way that you organize the the network but the tally as it's everything is Has been standardized It begs the question if you are controlling the power level Monitoring the power level of the installation and at the same time you can manipulate all the signals Could you map with that tally controller and looking at the same time for the power consumption to map the entire installation Use it as a scanner for for the electrical installation, for example for for a DMX No, no, no, not for DMX DMX is too arbitrary, but as deli is standardized the items you could do make Variation metrics and to see if it things start game if the power levels are going up that you have something there And it could be used to map a building for example with a lot of the installation Dolly installation Dolly has some features like that, and you would be able to I mean you can immediately query devices and get their Serial numbers and their and their make and model and things like that Whether you and and what we would like to also use this device for as a dolly test Device that you can test dolly devices to see if they can form to the specs and then run Run arbitrary test strings and sequences of that so that kind of it goes in that direction I think to sort of reverse engineer the lighting setup of a of a building would probably be pushing it I mean you might be lucky if you have a building like this, and you know you have ten lamps, and then it can just go through them and You would have some software to say okay front left is that one, and it would yeah Iterate through all the lamps until you find the one that you're looking for something like that would be possible. Yeah, okay Next question, please So I just googled 3000 and I didn't find anything. Do you have this on sale as a kid? It's a world premiere now, and it's what for me in fact I finished the board the night before we left to this place, and yeah So yeah, we try to Set up something online, but but if not contact us and we can talk about yeah I mean if you're interested in the sort of thing and you work with lights definitely we would be happy to have somebody who Understands the protocols a little bit of electrical and firmware programming We would love to have you as like a beta tester when when we have some more samples. Yeah, awesome I also want to add a comment about Bluetooth a company used to work for did a consumer product with 80,000 sold units and Had the 50% failure rate for setting up Bluetooth on adroid phones Whoa, yeah, so it's not ready Thanks Next please I think one quality that's often overlooked is the Frequency of the post with modulation right when it's dimmed which frequency did you choose and did you also consider the effect on? People older people and maybe even animals Birds dogs we didn't we picked a really shitty frequency and that's a little demo. I think we Yeah This is right now The way we choose this this module is that you can go there's a trade-off between the dimming frequency The PWM frequency in the lowest grade you can achieve because you cannot do arbitrary short pulses of energy And so we this is currently running at three kilohertz Dimming which allows us to go down like to have a have a ratio of what is it one by one thousand or one by Ten thousand. I don't know something like that. Let me calculate it later on Right now we hit a very bad spot and maybe we can show it see if it goes on yeah Can you hear it? It like it makes noise right now. That's audible noise. That would be something That we have to tweak on on the frequencies on that. It's not tuned yet It was more important for me not to go down with the dimming with a PWM frequency of a light to get flicker and like these Subconscious effects out of out of a lamp might maybe if we want to hire dimming ratio We could go individually down with the dimming frequency for very very low values Which is usually yeah rarely use Okay, two minutes left last question, please Yeah, actually I have two questions. So that's okay. The first one was with the Dali transmit receive circuit Why did you short out the power supply? Because that's what you do. That's the way it's actually it's a Manchester coated bit stream and Shorted you showed it down to ground them The Dali power supply is a voltage and current limited power supply like it's it's 16 volts idle and If you have more than 200 milliamps, it should go down to zero. So it's either voltage or current limit This is like high voltage always pull down when someone is to to middle. This is like I square C on steroids Okay, so it's a standard thing. So we're probably should this is a genuine way to do it And the second question is a little bit fluffy For public light insulation. I'm looking at LEDs, they're officially ultraviolet, but they're at a center freak center wavelength of 405 Nanometers, would you consider that ultraviolet or will I run into problems with certification or Concerning the blue light hazard, there's no official regulation there But there are rumors that there will be an upcoming in the next year. I see Okay, that was all thanks Then once again a warm applause for our two speakers. Thank you