 The research is not always limited to human subject. In certain cases, we need to see that animals could also be involved and they could be the part of the research as well. So here we are looking into the human care and use of animal in research because they both are the very important aspects to understand. Psychologists trained and experienced in care of laboratory animals supervise all procedures involving animals and are responsible for ensuring appropriate consideration of their comfort, health and human treatment. Now you need to see that why we use animal in certain researches. You have been getting information about different kind of experiments, the classical and traditional experiments of maybe conditioning, maybe learning, maybe punishment and many other techniques of behavior, therapy and overall in general, the different aspects of psychology. Many traditional experiments have been done on pigeons, in terms of conditioning, cats, dogs, the classical conditioning experiment of Pavlov is very famous, students of psychology are well aware of that experiment. So for that purpose, we have to keep animals for a long period of time in captivity, so it is very much ethical and a responsibility of a psychologist to provide them human treatment. Then psychologists acquire care for use and dispose of animals in compliance with the professional standards and current federal state, local laws and regulations. Now in each country, in each states, there are certain laws which are being made for the protection of animals. We vary culture to culture, we define animal rights, maybe in underdeveloped countries, there are not so stringent laws for animal welfare, but there are some. Maybe the use of animals in research is definitely meaningful, as compared to the states, where there are a lot of stringent laws, where there are a lot of rights for dogs, where there are a lot of rights for pets, overall, maybe using a dog in an experiment or giving it a discomfort or disposing it, it will not be as easy as in any other scenario. But still the overall ethics, the laws, the human treatment and the purpose of applying the ethical procedures in disposal of the animal must be taken care of. In our research, besides having the stringent laws or not, it is ethically bound that we take care of an animal on every stage and dispose of it according to a law and procedure. Psychologists ensure that all individuals under supervision who are using animals have received instructions in research methods, care, maintenance and handling of the species being used to the extent appropriate to their role. Like in this lab, all the people involved, if they are working on any stage, whether they are providing feed, whether they are cleaning the animal, whether they have been deputed for overall safety and care, or if there is a part of the experiment where they are involved with the procedure, in all those situations, they must be fully trained. Because if they are not trained, then they cannot do human care. Psychologists make reasonable effort to minimize the discomfort, infaction, illness, and pain of animal subjects. Let's say if we are doing an experiment on an animal, in which we have to keep it hungry for some time period, and after that, its effect, its specific behavior, let's say we are looking at learning or conditioning, in such a situation, it is very important that we do not give it much discomfort, do not treat it inhumanely. So these things, as much as possible, we can minimize the risk, health issues, and these things, like if we are doing pain studies, that we are looking at pain threshold, and in the pain threshold, we have to look at any kind of pain, and then we have to study the pain threshold, so it is also very important to look carefully at what is the best possible way to minimize it. So basically, the purpose of saying this is that we will not do any brutal experience, we will not do any situation like this, in which we will provide too much distress or intentional pain to the animal. Procedure of subjective animals to pain, stress, and privation is used only when an alternative procedure is not available, and gold is justified by its possible scientific, educational, and applied value. And how will it justify that it is an unavoidable research, which we cannot do directly on human beings, so that is why we are doing it on monkeys, we are doing it on dogs, we are giving it to rats, and we are looking at its effect. Otherwise, without any reason or justification, we cannot randomly infect animals in this way, they cannot be a part of any procedure, rather being fully justified. Surgical procedures are performed under appropriate anesthesia, using techniques to avoid infection, and minimize pain during and after surgery. If we are doing surgical procedures, then it is very important that under proper anesthesia, and in proper environment where a medical care is present, if we are studying the parts of any animal, then we will justify it in a great way. And in medical procedures, if we are doing some innovation, if we are doing some practice, for that we have to perform some surgery, and we have to see its effect, that how we can do it on human participants later. That is very important, but for that expertise, proper training, and proper rehabilitation of animals, the ways available are very important. When it is appropriate, that the animal's life may be terminated, psychologists proceed rapidly with an effort to minimize pain, and in accordance with the accepted procedures. If there is any research on the end, we have to see that the life of the animal may have to be terminated. So what will be done? A very easy, better, and very authorised way will only be used. The animal's killing shouldn't have any brutality, and there shouldn't be any delay. If we see that animal is in pain, then immediately performing it is very important for psychologists. So you see that we are not only concerned in ethics about the procedures which are being done with the human beings, but we are also concerned as psychologists to see that the proper human care and the treatment must be provided to all animals, because they are equally justified to take better treatment, to take better rehabilitation as of general human beings.