 Yes, absolutely. So I have actually some really great news about animals on the verge of extinction. And a new study that came out in zoo biology this week suggests a new idea to bring animals from the brink of extinction. In particular, they were looking at northern white rhinoceroses, and there's only three of those left on the whole planet. And this new study looked theoretically at using these three live animals, stored tissue samples, cell lines, and sperm from these and already deceased rhinoceroses, then taking that, developing stem cell technologies, collecting, generating eggs, sperm, using in vitro embryo production, embryo transfer into surrogate mothers, pregnancy maintenance, and rearing of offspring. They think they could actually establish a viable self-sustaining northern white rhinoceros population. Wow. That would be amazing. Huge, you guys. Other rhinos have completely died out. Right, but this is also related to that, and that's why in the show notes I say something about a seed vault, because I always talk about this, storing genetic material of species on their way to extinction or extinct, we could, given the right techniques, bring an animal back from extinction if you have a similar animal to use as a surrogate, if you have enough samples. The thing here is, if you have enough samples and something similar enough, absolutely. So I see two things here. I see, one, remembering the importance of storing these things, getting ourselves a quote seed vault, and keeping this valuable genetic information, that's one. Two, keeping populations going in zoos and wildlife parks and sanctuaries, because even if there's not space for them to go out in the wild, if there's a chance for them to go out later, and we only have a few left, we're going to be kicking ourselves. But then on top of that, the potential of maybe tweaking some genomes, this is something I took a little extra step here. Thinking about all of our talk of CRISPR and things like this. If we could just eliminate bad things that are recessive that show up with inbreeding in a species, if we know that, that can also help diversify and keep healthy a population. There are animals that have had a complete bottleneck, genetically, like the elephant seal. Luckily they didn't have any enormously terrible recessive genes pop up in repopulation. Right, so it can genetically minimize the effects of a population bottleneck. Yeah, so this is fantastic that people are actually starting to run statistical tests and models to try to figure out if this is actually possible. We have opportunities to use it because honestly, what do we have to lose? If we have three northern white rhinos, the likelihood of them coming out of that without some intervention is zero from three individuals. Because in the F2 generation, in the second generation, it's going to be direct inbreeding. That's the only way. No, it's fine. So we literally have nothing to lose, and we can actually experiment on this and see if we can make it happen. So I totally agree with you. I would totally do this. I'm all for this. I do have to challenge you on the thing that you knew I was going to challenge you at the beginning of this, which is if we are bringing back something that has been outcompeted even if it's just by humans, does it have a proper environment to go back to? Isn't this like my desire to reintroduce the woolly mammoth? Nope, completely different, but it is a good question. Nonetheless, it is a good question nonetheless because there are a lot of animals that are on the brink of extinction that also have no space due to political, socioeconomic, climate issues, all sorts of things that might make their habitat missing. My understanding is that the northern white rhino does have space it could go in, and the big thing with the rhinos is that they are not going away due to habitat destruction because of war-torn areas. They are going away because of rhino hunting, poaching for the horns. That's it. That's the reason. So they're a perfect poster child to try this with because they have a place to go. They have a niche to feel. Phil, if people can stop killing them, then they have a perfect place to be. So luckily, we are in this day and age making great strides in that as well. So if we can grow the population in zoos and sanctuaries until it is a safe place for them to be out in the wild, that's a win-win. Yeah. What's up next? Did you have a story about dogs, Blair? Yeah. So how do you guys feel, hypothetically, if you had a dog about a computer training your dog? When you say a computer, I mean, if I could get my dog to watch television, I think that would be great. But it never seemed to care. It's actually something that's always interesting to me, is that the TV, my dogs, I don't know. There's no TV in this computer. But I've heard dogs. But if I had the vacuum clean robot that could take my dog out for a walk and teach it some tricks, all for it. Oh, Roomba? If Roomba could take the dog for a walk, not just go around the house but like take it up and down the block and bring it back. No problem. That'd be awesome. So the big issue with training animals is that the best way and the most effective way to train them is to identify the behavior you want, catch it the second it happens, make a signal, and then treat it as quickly as you can after that. Okay, so that's why people use clickers. This computer from North Carolina State University was strapped onto a dog. It was motion sensor and this was training a dog to sit. And then the other element of this computer was a dispenser that a human would hold in front of the dog. And when the dog sat, the motion sensor identified the sitting motion and sent the signal to the dispenser that dispensed the treat. So they thought it would be much faster, more efficient, more accurate. Turns out they had to pick. It was either going to be correct 100% of the time or fastest after the behavior was exhibited, but there was a trade-off. So they found that with 100% certainty, the reinforcement was too late. If the reinforcement was given immediately, there was a high rate of rewarding the wrong posture. So doing this against a human, they found that humans were 100% accurate, but their response time varied hugely. And this modified computer now was 96% accurate. That is a pretty good accuracy rating. And while the average response time was the same for the computer and the trainer, there was variation in the human version. There was incredible consistency with the computer. So as soon as the computer sees something, it's going to go identify and treat. Whereas a human might see something and be thinking about something else when they see it and go, oh, the dog just did that and then give the treat a few seconds later or be right on it and give it immediately. Right, or fumble with the clicker or not be able to grab the treat at a time. There's so many elements. And so this is something that consistency is the number one key with training, consistency, consistency. So this could be something that actually could be used extremely well to train service dogs, for example. So this is a great tool that could help people figure out how to train their own dog with assistance. I don't see this as replacing the human trainer, but being a tool that trainers use to great effect. I think it sounds pretty awesome. Knowing that dogs are social creatures, you would hope that this weren't implemented with dogs in a large kennel situation where you have hundreds of dogs wearing these training devices, having their treats dispensed on signal from a little bowl in the kennel cage. Without human intervention or interaction of any kind. That kind of situation, that's not going to be good for a dog knowing that dogs are so social in nature. So taking the human out of this, especially if you're looking for help with service dogs or police dogs or any kind of animals where human interaction is key, you can't take the person out of it. It has to be used just as a helpful training tool. Unless you're training those dogs to... Right, it's an army of dogs. I don't like that. Instead of clone army, it's a dog army. It fascinates robots, sicking German dogs on people. I can see this now. I don't like that one bit. We can clone dogs, right? This is where the clone army starts. No, I don't like any of this. We're talking about robots that are going to train dogs, but we're already talking about robots that could give human companionship at some level. I'm sure we could teach a dog to pet and reassuring things that dogs like to hear and make facial expressions that are even easier for a dog to read than the human expression. I could see this going really far. I much prefer the idea of this pack being strapped onto the dog in the test, but to have the dispenser in the hand of the human, the human gives the verbal command when the dog does it, the reward is dispensed like clockwork. That I think is really the key to this, is we could take it to some crazy sci-fi extent, but I do actually see this having real value in the very near future just as the next step of the clicker. Everybody uses clicker in animal training now. Now you have the next step in the clicker. It's a motion sensor. Yep, right. Yep, click, click, you get a treat. Maybe we could use this with Justin. Oh! Well, but we just told him, now it'll never work. Oh, it'll never work, right. You can train humans, I've done it, but you can't tell them that you can't tell them. Wait, wait. You've trained, I trained humans. I've trained three humans. I've absolutely trained, I've straight up clicker trained a human, and they didn't know. That is hilarious. When they found out they were very upset. This is a story I have to hear about in the after show. After show, this will be an after show story.