 Ankylosing spondylitis, AS, is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the joints of the spine and pelvis. It is caused by an overactive immune system which attacks healthy cells, leading to inflammation and damage to the bones and ligaments. Symptoms include chronic lower back pain, joint pain, and stiffness. Diagnosis may be delayed due to similarities between AS and other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment is key to preventing further damage and disability. Treatment includes medication, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes. This article was authored by TZ Ananova.